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公开(公告)号：US4966707A
公开(公告)日：1990-10-30
申请号：US862807
申请日：1986-05-13
CPC分类号： B01D11/0415 , B01D61/38 , B01D63/02 , B01D71/26
摘要： The rate of mass transfer in liquid/liquid extractions can be increased by the appropriate selection of a solubilizing liquid to wet a microporous membrane. A solute is transferred between immiscible liquids across the membrane where and interface between the liquids is immobilized at a surface of the membrane.
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公开(公告)号：US20150125377A1
公开(公告)日：2015-05-07
申请号：US14535491
申请日：2014-11-07
IPC分类号： C01C1/04
CPC分类号： C01C1/0458 , B01D53/0462 , B01D53/047 , B01D2253/112 , B01D2257/406 , B01D2259/40009 , B01D2259/40013 , B01D2259/4002 , B01D2259/40028 , B01D2259/402 , B01J8/0005 , C01C1/006 , C01C1/0417 , C01C1/0447 , Y02P20/52
摘要： A system for producing ammonia comprises a reactor configured for receiving nitrogen feed gas and hydrogen feed gas, the reactor comprising a catalyst configured to convert at least a portion of the nitrogen gas and at least a portion of the hydrogen feed gas to ammonia to form a reactant mixture comprising the ammonia and unreacted nitrogen feed gas and unreacted hydrogen feed gas, an adsorbent configured to selective adsorb at least a portion of the ammonia from the reactant mixture, and a recycle line to recycle the unreacted nitrogen feed gas, the unreacted hydrogen feed gas, and unabsorbed ammonia to the reactor.
摘要翻译： 用于生产氨的系统包括构造成用于接收氮气进料气体和氢气进料气体的反应器，所述反应器包括催化剂，所述催化剂构造成将至少一部分氮气和至少一部分氢气进料气体转化成氨以形成 反应物混合物，其包含氨和未反应的氮气进料气体和未反应的氢气进料气体，被配置为选择性吸附来自反应物混合物的氨的至少一部分的吸附剂，以及再循环未反应的氮气进料气体的再循环管线 气体和未吸收的氨到反应器。
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3.发明授权Process for making microporous membranes having gel-filled pores, and separations methods using such membranes 失效制造具有凝胶填充孔的微孔膜的方法和使用这种膜的分离方法
公开(公告)号：US5160627A
公开(公告)日：1992-11-03
申请号：US815297
申请日：1991-12-27
CPC分类号： B01D67/0088 , B01D69/10 , B01D69/141 , Y10S264/48 , Y10S264/62
摘要： A process is provided for modifying the properties of a hydrophobic microporous membrane which includes the steps of first providing a hydrophobic microporous membrane, treating it with a surfactant to render the membrane hydrophilic, wetting the membrane with an aqueous solution of a polyol such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and divinyl sulfone (DVS) or a precursor thereof, washing the membrane with water to displace the polyol/DVA from the exterior of the membrane while retaining it in the pores of the membrane, and crosslinking the polyol/DVS into an aqueous gel to yield a hydrophilic microporous membrane having pores filled with an aqueous polyol/DVS gel, the exterior of the membrane being unobstructed by gel. The modified membranes produced according to the process are useful in carrying out chromatographic separations.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于改性疏水性微孔膜的性质的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：首先提供疏水性微孔膜，用表面活性剂处理以使膜具有亲水性，用多元醇水溶液润湿膜，例如聚乙烯醇 （PVA）和二乙烯基砜（DVS）或其前体，用水洗涤膜以将多元醇/ DVA从膜的外部置换，同时将其保留在膜的孔中，并将多元醇/ DVS交联成水 凝胶以产生具有填充有水性多元醇/ DVS凝胶的孔的亲水微孔膜，膜的外部不被凝胶阻挡。 根据该方法制备的改性膜可用于进行色谱分离。
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公开(公告)号：US20170152149A1
公开(公告)日：2017-06-01
申请号：US15432236
申请日：2017-02-14
IPC分类号： C01C1/04 , B01D53/047 , B01D53/04
CPC分类号： C01C1/0458 , B01D53/0462 , B01D53/047 , B01D2253/112 , B01D2257/406 , B01D2259/40009 , B01D2259/40013 , B01D2259/4002 , B01D2259/40028 , B01D2259/402 , B01J8/0005 , C01C1/006 , C01C1/0417 , C01C1/0447 , Y02P20/52
摘要： An ammonia-producing system comprises a reactor that catalytically converts nitrogen and hydrogen feed gases to ammonia to form a reaction mixture of the ammonia, unreacted nitrogen gas, and unreacted hydrogen gas. A feed system feeds the nitrogen and hydrogen gases to the reactor at a reaction pressure of from about 9 to about 100 atmospheres. A reactor control system controls the temperature during conversion of the nitrogen and hydrogen to ammonia by maintaining a reaction temperature of from about 330° C. to about 550° C. An absorbent selectively absorbs at least a portion of the ammonia from the reaction mixture, and an absorbent control system controls one or both of a temperature and pressure at the absorbent during selective absorption of the ammonia from the reaction mixture. A recycle line downstream of the absorbent recycles the unreacted nitrogen and unreacted hydrogen to the reactor.
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公开(公告)号：US4938931A
公开(公告)日：1990-07-03
申请号：US54351
申请日：1987-05-26
申请人： Edward L. Cussler
发明人： Edward L. Cussler
CPC分类号： C01B17/803 , B01J19/2475 , B01J8/009 , B01J8/0278 , C01B17/775 , B01J2208/00548
摘要： Trickle bed reactors are prone to channelling, flooding, and similar flow problems. It has been found that these problems can be avoided by the use of a microporous membrane to separate a reactant fluid phase from a catalysis fluid phase surrounding a catalyst bed. An advantage of such a reactor is that the fluid flows can be separately controlled. An apparatus useful as a trickle bed reactor can include a plurality of microporous hollow fibers arranged in a shell-and-tube configuration within a housing. Such an apparatus is operated with a reactant fluid phase flowing through the fibers and with a catalyst bed on the shell-side of the arrangement.
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6.发明授权Soy protein isolation process using swellable poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels 失效使用可溶胀聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）凝胶的大豆蛋白分离方法
公开(公告)号：US4863613A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-05
申请号：US257078
申请日：1988-10-13
CPC分类号： A23J3/16 , A23J1/14 , B01D15/00 , Y10S210/905
摘要： A method is provided for the purification and concentration of soy protein comprising mixing an aqueous solution including soy protein along with other water soluble moieties including sugars, salts, and phytins with a solid crosslinked polymer gel selected from the group consisting of N-substituted polyacrylamides and copolymers of N-substituted polyacrylamides; swelling the gel to absorb a portion of the water and other water soluble moieties including sugars, salts, and phytins from the aqueous solution by substantially maintaining the temperature of the gel at a preselected temperature below the lower critical solution temperature of the gel, to yield a concentrated soy protein solution; and separating the concentrated soy protein solution from the swollen gel. The concentrated soy protein solution may be repeatedly subjected to the gel treatment depending on the desired purity of the protein and the desired solids concentration.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于纯化和浓缩大豆蛋白的方法，包括将含有大豆蛋白的水溶液以及其它水溶性部分（包括糖，盐和植酸蛋白）与选自N-取代的聚丙烯酰胺和 N-取代的聚丙烯酰胺的共聚物; 使凝胶膨胀以通过将凝胶的温度基本上保持在低于凝胶的较低临界溶液温度的预选温度下从水溶液中吸收一部分水和其它水溶性部分，包括糖，盐和植酸，以产生 浓缩大豆蛋白溶液; 并将浓缩的大豆蛋白溶液与溶胀的凝胶分离。 浓缩的大豆蛋白溶液可以根据蛋白质的期望纯度和所需的固体浓度重复进行凝胶处理。
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公开(公告)号：US4828701A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-09
申请号：US128959
申请日：1987-12-08
申请人： Edward L. Cussler
发明人： Edward L. Cussler
IPC分类号： B01D15/00
CPC分类号： B01D15/00 , B01D15/34 , B01D15/3876
摘要： A separation method utilizing the ability of temperature-sensitive cross-linked polymer gels to selectively extract solvent from a solution of a macromolecular material. A feed solution containing macromolecules is added to a small amount of gel. The gel swells to absorb the low molecular weight solvent, but it cannot absorb the macromolecules. The raffinate, which is now a concentrated macromolecular solution, is drawn off. To regenerate, the filtered gel is warmed, so that its volume decreases sharply. This suddenly decreased volume occurs because the gel is near a critical point. The solvent is removed from the shrunken gel. The temperature of the gel is then lowered; more feed solution is added; and the cycle is begun again.
摘要翻译： 利用温度敏感的交联聚合物凝胶从大分子材料溶液中选择性提取溶剂的分离方法。 将含有大分子的进料溶液加入到少量凝胶中。 凝胶溶胀以吸收低分子量溶剂，但不能吸收大分子。 现在是浓缩大分子溶液的萃余液被排出。 为了再生，将过滤的凝胶加热，使其体积急剧下降。 由于凝胶接近临界点，因此突然下降体积。 从收缩凝胶中除去溶剂。 然后降低凝胶的温度; 加入更多的饲料溶液; 并且循环再次开始。
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公开(公告)号：US5827538A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-27
申请号：US571980
申请日：1996-01-17
IPC分类号： C07C201/08 , A61K9/00 , A61K9/32 , C07C201/12 , C07C205/11 , C07C205/19 , C07C205/23 , C07C205/26 , C07C205/34 , C07C205/42 , C07C215/14 , C07C271/08 , C07C301/00 , C07C309/67 , C07C309/73 , C07C319/14 , C07C323/16 , C07C323/25 , C07C323/29 , C08G18/38 , C08G59/50 , C08G63/685 , C08L101/00 , C09D163/00 , G03F7/00 , G03F7/004 , G03F7/039 , G03F7/16 , A61K9/24
CPC分类号： C07C205/11 , A61K9/0004 , C07C205/19 , C07C205/26 , C07C215/14 , C07C323/25 , C08G18/384 , C08G59/50 , C08G59/504 , C08G63/6856 , C09D163/00 , G03F7/0045 , G03F7/039 , G03F7/164
摘要： An osmotic device that, following the imbibement of water vapor, provides for the controlled release of a beneficial agent to an aqueous environment. The device comprises a hydrophilic formulation including a beneficial agent, and if needed, an osmagent, surrounded by a wall. The wall is formed at least in part of a semipermeable hydrophobic membrane having an average pore size between about 0.1 .mu.m and 30 .mu.m. The pores are substantially filled with a gas phase. The hydrophobic membrane is permeable to water in the vapor phase and the hydrophobic membrane is impermeable to an aqueous medium at a pressure less than about 100 Pa. The beneficial agent is released, for example, by osmotic pumping or osmotic bursting upon imbibement of sufficient water vapor into the device core. These devices minimize incompatibilities between the beneficial agent and ions (such as hydrogen or hydroxyl) or other dissolved or suspended materials in the aqueous medium, since contact between the beneficial agent and the aqueous medium does not occur until after the beneficial agent is released. This results from the semipermeable membrane's selective permeability for water vapor. In addition, the high water fluxes attendant with these vapor-permeable membranes facilitate the delivery of beneficial agents having low solubilities, and the delivery of high dosages of beneficial agents.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / IB94 / 00114 Sec。 371日期1996年1月17日 102（e）日期1996年1月17日PCT 1994年5月19日PCT PCT。 公开号WO95 / 03033 日期1995年2月2日渗透装置在水蒸汽吸收之后提供有益剂控制释放到含水环境中。 该装置包括亲水性制剂，其包括有益剂，并且如果需要，包含被壁围绕的渗透剂。 所述壁至少部分形成有平均孔径在约0.1μm至30μm之间的半透性疏水膜。 孔基本上充满气相。 疏水膜在气相中是透水的，并且疏水膜在低于约100Pa的压力下对水介质是不可渗透的。有益剂例如通过渗透泵送或渗透的足够的水渗透渗出来释放 蒸汽进入设备核心。 这些装置使有益剂和离子（例如氢或羟基）或水性介质中的其它溶解或悬浮物质之间的不兼容性最小化，因为有益剂和水性介质之间的接触直到有益剂被释放才会发生。 这是由半透膜对水蒸汽的选择性渗透性产生的。 此外，伴随这些透气膜的高水通量促进了具有低溶解度的有益试剂的递送和高剂量的有益试剂的输送。
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公开(公告)号：US4957620A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-18
申请号：US271449
申请日：1988-11-15
申请人： Edward L. Cussler
发明人： Edward L. Cussler
IPC分类号： B01J20/281 , B01D15/08 , B01D69/08 , G01N30/60 , G01N30/88
CPC分类号： B01J20/28023 , B01D15/08 , B01D15/22 , B01D15/3804 , B01D15/3842 , B01J20/28014 , G01N30/6043
摘要： Liquid chromatography separations of solutes are achieved using porous hollow fibers. The pores of the hollow fibers immobilize a solute-absorbing phase (preferably organic) which has a greater absorbance affinity towards at least one solute in a mixture of solutes. By passing the solute mixture through the central lumen of the hollow fibers, chromatographic separation are realized due to the greater retention time of that solute with which the immobilized phase has greater absorbance affinity. The immobilized phase may be a liquid organic which may contain a surfactant so as to form reversed micelles or it may be in the form of a polymeric gel. Separations of biological species (e.g., proteins) may thus be accomplished by means of the present invention.
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公开(公告)号：US4555344A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-26
申请号：US526275
申请日：1983-08-25
申请人： Edward L. Cussler
发明人： Edward L. Cussler
摘要： A separation method utilizing the ability of cross-linked ionic polymer gels to selectively extract solvent from a solution of a macromolecular material. A feed solution containing macromolecules is added to a small amount of basic or warm gel. The gel swells, absorbing the low molecular weight solvent, but cannot absorb the large macromolecules. The raffinate, which is now a concentrated macromolecular solution, is drawn off. To regenerate, a little acid is added to the filtered gel, or the gel is cooled, so its volume decreases sharply. The solvent is expelled from the shrinking gel and is then drawn off, leaving only the collapsed gel. A base is added to the gel, or the gel is warmed. More feed solution is added, and the cycle is begun again.
摘要翻译： 利用交联离子聚合物凝胶从大分子材料溶液中选择性提取溶剂的能力的分离方法。 将含有大分子的进料溶液加入到少量碱性或温热凝胶中。 凝胶溶胀，吸收低分子量溶剂，但不能吸收大的大分子。 现在是浓缩大分子溶液的萃余液被排出。 为了再生，将少量酸加入过滤的凝胶中，或者凝胶被冷却，因此其体积急剧下降。 溶剂从收缩的凝胶中排出，然后抽出，仅留下塌陷的凝胶。 将凝胶加入碱中，或加热凝胶。 添加更多的饲料溶液，循环再次开始。
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