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    Preparation process for 4-substituted dinitroanilines
    1.
    发明授权
    Preparation process for 4-substituted dinitroanilines 失效
    4-取代二硝基苯胺的制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US5981800A

    公开(公告)日：1999-11-09

    申请号：US56266

    申请日：1998-04-07

    申请人： Joseph Schapira ,  Jean-Claude Cheminaud ,  Jean-Jacques Gasse ,  Vincent Schanen ,  Benoit Rondot ,  Jean-Claude Lemoine

    发明人： Joseph Schapira ,  Jean-Claude Cheminaud ,  Jean-Jacques Gasse ,  Vincent Schanen ,  Benoit Rondot ,  Jean-Claude Lemoine

    IPC分类号： C07C205/22 ,  C07C205/23 ,  C07C205/37 ,  C07C209/18 ,  C07C211/52

    CPC分类号： C07C209/18 ,  C07C201/08

    摘要： Preparation process for 4-substituted dinitroanilines of formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is chosen from the group containing the tert-butyl, sulphonamido, trifluoromethyl, methyl-sulphonyl and isopropyl radicals,R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which are identical to or different from one another, represent a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl or alkenyl radical containing less than 6 carbon atoms, characterized in that that it comprises successively:a dinitration stage of the 4-substituted phenol corresponding to the sought 4-substituted dinitro-aniline, this dinitration stage being carried out in a reaction medium containing a slight excess of nitrating agent, a sufficient quantity of protons and a catalyst chosen from the group containing the soluble salts of the transition metals of columns IV to XII of the Periodic Table, preferably the soluble salts of Fe.sub.III, Fe.sub.II, Zn.sub.II and Cu.sub.II ions,an O-alkylation stage of the dinitrated 4-substituted phenol obtained in the preceding stage, by means of an alkylating agent, andan amination stage of the 4-substituted dinitrated phenoxy-ether obtained in the preceding stage by using a primary or secondary amine.

    摘要翻译： 其中R1选自含有叔丁基，磺酰氨基，三氟甲基，甲基 - 磺酰基和异丙基的基团的4-取代二硝基苯胺的制备方法，R 2和R 3彼此相同或不同，表示 氢原子，含有少于6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基，环烷基，卤代烷基或链烯基，其特征在于它包括依次：对应于所寻求的4-取代二硝基苯胺的4-取代苯酚的二硝化阶段， 该二硝化阶段在含有略过量的硝化剂，足够量的质子和选自含有周期表第IV至第Ⅻ族的过渡金属的可溶性盐的基团的反应介质中进行，优选地 FeIII，FeII，ZnII和CuII离子的可溶性盐，前一阶段得到的二硝基四取代苯酚的O-烷基化阶段，m 烷基化试剂的酯，和通过使用伯胺或仲胺在前一阶段获得的4-取代二硝基苯氧基醚的胺化阶段。

    Continuous process for the dinitration of aromatic substrates
    2.
    发明授权
    Continuous process for the dinitration of aromatic substrates 失效
    芳香底物二硝化的连续工艺

    公开(公告)号：US5907062A

    公开(公告)日：1999-05-25

    申请号：US974104

    申请日：1997-11-19

    申请人： Alberto Villanti ,  Giacomo Ravetta

    发明人： Alberto Villanti ,  Giacomo Ravetta

    IPC分类号： B01J27/24 ,  B01J31/02 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C201/08 ,  C07C205/23 ,  C07C209/76 ,  C07C211/52

    CPC分类号： C07C209/76

    摘要： A continuous process for the dinitration of alkyl-substituted derivatives of phenol and aniline, using nitric acid substantially free of sulphuric acid, characterized in which the dinitration is conducted in a single step in a tubular reactor in the presence of a catalytically-effective amount of a catalyst capable of reacting with the nitric acid to form nitrous acid in situ.

    摘要翻译： 使用基本上不含硫酸的硝酸对苯酚和苯胺的烷基取代的衍生物进行二硝化的连续方法，其特征在于在催化有效量的条件下，在管式反应器中，在一个步骤中进行二硝化反应 能够与硝酸反应以在原位形成亚硝酸的催化剂。

    Cleaving arylethers
    5.
    发明授权
    Cleaving arylethers 失效
    劈牙

    公开(公告)号：US5463129A

    公开(公告)日：1995-10-31

    申请号：US173451

    申请日：1993-12-23

    申请人： Zenon Lysenko ,  Richard G. Pews

    发明人： Zenon Lysenko ,  Richard G. Pews

    IPC分类号： C07C39/02 ,  C07C37/055 ,  C07C201/12 ,  C07C205/23 ,  C07C205/37 ,  C07C205/38 ,  C07C213/00 ,  C07C213/02 ,  C07C215/80 ,  C07C211/50

    CPC分类号： C07C201/12 ,  C07C213/02 ,  C07C213/10

    摘要： The present invention relates to a method of cleaving arylethers such as arylethers represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl or CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 ; each A is independently NO.sub.2, hydroxy, halo, or methoxy; n is an integer from 0 to 5; and x is 1 or 2, comprising contacting the arylether with an amide hydrohalide salt under conditions sufficient to cleave the ether group(s) of the arylether and form a phenol or substituted phenol. The present invention also relates to a method of preparing 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, which is a monomer used for making polybenzoxazoles (PBO).

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种裂解芳基醚的方法，例如由下式表示的芳基醚：其中R是氢，C 1 -C 6烷基，环烷基，苯基，取代的苯基或CH = CH 2; 每个A独立地是NO 2，羟基，卤素或甲氧基; n为0〜5的整数， 和x是1或2，包括在足以裂解芳基醚的醚基并形成苯酚或取代的苯酚的条件下使芳基醚与酰胺氢卤酸盐接触。 本发明还涉及一种制备4,6-二氨基间苯二酚的方法，其是用于制备聚苯并恶唑（PBO）的单体。

    Biological system for degrading nitroaromatics in water and soils
    6.
    发明授权
    Biological system for degrading nitroaromatics in water and soils 失效
    降解硝酸芳香烃在水土中的生物体系

    公开(公告)号：US5387271A

    公开(公告)日：1995-02-07

    申请号：US96735

    申请日：1993-07-23

    申请人： Donald L. Crawford ,  Todd O. Stevens ,  Ronald L. Crawford

    发明人： Donald L. Crawford ,  Todd O. Stevens ,  Ronald L. Crawford

    IPC分类号： A01N33/22 ,  A62D3/02 ,  B09C1/10 ,  C02F3/00 ,  C02F3/12 ,  C02F3/28 ,  C02F3/30 ,  C02F3/34 ,  C05F11/08 ,  C05G3/00 ,  C07C205/23 ,  C09K17/32 ,  C09K101/00

    CPC分类号： C02F3/34 ,  B09C1/10 ,  C02F3/1231 ,  C02F3/2806 ,  C02F3/286 ,  C02F3/30 ,  C02F2101/003 ,  Y02E50/343 ,  Y02W10/15 ,  Y02W30/47 ,  Y10S71/903

    摘要： Novel methods for biodegrading nitroaromatic compounds present as contaminants in soil or water using microorganisms are disclosed. Water is treatable directly; dry soil is first converted into a fluid medium by addition of water. The preferred method comprises two stages, each employing microorganisms: a fermentative stage, followed by an anaerobic stage. The fermentative stage is rapid, wherein an inoculum of aerobic and/or facultative microorganisms ferments a carbohydrate added to the fluid medium, exhausting the oxygen in the fluid medium and thereby inhibiting oxidative polymerization of amino by-products of the nitroaromatics. In the subsequent anaerobic stage an inoculum of a mixed population of anaerobic microorganisms completes the mineralization of the contaminant nitroaromatics, using the remaining carbohydrate as a carbon and energy source. Preferably, the carbohydrate is a starch and the aerobic and/or facultative microorganisms are amylolytic, which cleave the starch at a moderate rate throughout both stages, ensuring a sustained supply of metabolizable carbohydrate. The microorganisms are preferably selected to be resistant to the types and concentrations of nitroaromatics present as contaminants.

    摘要翻译： 公开了使用微生物在土壤或水中作为污染物存在的硝基芳族化合物生物降解的新方法。 水可直接对待; 干土首先通过加水转化成流体介质。 优选的方法包括两个阶段，每个阶段使用微生物：发酵阶段，然后是厌氧阶段。 发酵阶段是快速的，其中有氧和/或兼性微生物的接种物将加入到流体介质中的碳水化合物发酵，排出流体介质中的氧，从而抑制硝基芳族化合物的氨基副产物的氧化聚合。 在随后的厌氧阶段，厌氧微生物的混合群体的接种物完成了污染物硝基芳族化合物的矿化，使用剩余的碳水化合物作为碳和能源。 优选地，碳水化合物是淀粉，并且需氧和/或兼性微生物是淀粉分解的，其在两个阶段以适中的速度切割淀粉，确保可代谢的碳水化合物的持续供应。 优选选择微生物以对作为污染物存在的硝基芳族化合物的类型和浓度具有抗性。

    Method for recovery of a phenolic polymerization inhibitor
    9.
    发明授权
    Method for recovery of a phenolic polymerization inhibitor 失效
    苯酚聚合抑制剂的回收方法

    公开(公告)号：US4863587A

    公开(公告)日：1989-09-05

    申请号：US171372

    申请日：1988-03-21

    申请人： Takashi Tonari ,  Yasuhiko Ikeda

    发明人： Takashi Tonari ,  Yasuhiko Ikeda

    IPC分类号： C07C7/04 ,  C07C1/00 ,  C07C7/20 ,  C07C15/46 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C201/00 ,  C07C201/16 ,  C07C205/23 ,  C07C251/46

    CPC分类号： C07C201/16 ,  C07C7/20

    摘要： A phenolic polymerization inhibitor is recovered from a styrene distillation residue containing the phenolic polymerization inhibitor by a method which comprises extracting the inhibitor from the styrene distillation residue with an oxygen-containing organic solvent having not more than 6 carbon atoms, adding an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent to the oxygen-containing organic solvent phase consequently obtained, and subjecting the resultant mixture to distillation thereby separating the mixture into a solution of the phenolic polymerization inhibitor in the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and the oxygen-containing organic solvent. The recovered solution is put to use as a polymerization inhibitor either in the unmodified form or in a form separated from the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent.

    Nitration processes
    10.
    发明授权
    Nitration processes 失效
    硝化过程

    公开(公告)号：US4621157A

    公开(公告)日：1986-11-04

    申请号：US607794

    申请日：1984-05-07

    申请人： Larry A. McDaniel

    发明人： Larry A. McDaniel

    IPC分类号： C07C205/22 ,  C07C205/23 ,  C07C85/24 ,  C07C79/10

    CPC分类号： C07C209/76 ,  C07C201/08

    摘要： The present invention relates to improvements in processes of preparing dinitrated aromatic compounds, particularly dinitrated aniline and dinitrated substituted aniline compounds, employing relatively dilute and then more concentrated nitric acid as the nitrating agent.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及使用相对稀的然后更浓缩的硝酸作为硝化剂来制备二硝基化芳族化合物，特别是二硝基苯胺和二硝基取代的苯胺化合物的方法的改进。