Abstract:
An EGR control apparatus for an internal combustion engine, which is capable of accurately controlling an inert gas amount and an inert gas ratio of two types of EGR gas supplied to cylinders of the engine via two paths different from each other, thereby making it possible to ensure a stable combustion state and reduced exhaust emissions. The EGR control apparatus includes a low-pressure EGR device, a high-pressure EGR device, and an ECU. The ECU calculates a target low-pressure opening, calculates an estimated value of an in-cylinder low-pressure inert gas flow rate, which is the estimated value of an inert gas amount included in low-pressure EGR gas supplied to the cylinders via an intake passage, calculates a target high-pressure opening using the estimated value, and controls low-pressure and high-pressure EGR control valves, using the target low-pressure opening and the target high-pressure opening.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a cutting tool, including: a cutting edge including a coating from a rake face to a flank face, and has a relief angle of not less than 15 degrees, a material of the coating having a higher wear resistance than a base material of the cutting edge, and during cutting of a work, an edge of the coating on the rake face at a top of the cutting edge is worn by friction with the work; with a progress of a wear inward in a radial direction, an edge of the coating on the flank face at the top of the cutting edge is removed by friction with the work to expose the base material thereunder; and the exposed base material is worn by friction with the work to retract the flank face inward in the radial direction.
Abstract:
An exhaust purification system for an internal combustion engine is provided that can maintain the NOx purification rate of a selective reduction catalyst at near the maximum thereof. The exhaust purification system is provided with an oxidation catalyst and CSF provided in the exhaust plumbing of the engine, a selective reduction catalyst that is provided in the exhaust plumbing on the downstream side of oxidation catalyst and CSF, and selectively reduces NOx in the exhaust, and a NO2 sensor that detects NO2 in the exhaust inside of the exhaust plumbing on the downstream side of the selective reduction catalyst. An ECU executes NO2-NOx ratio decrease processing to cause the NO2-NOx ratio corresponding to the ratio of NO2 to NOx in the exhaust flowing into the selective reduction catalyst to decrease, in a case of a detection value Vno2 from the NO2 sensor being greater than a predetermined value Vno2_th.
Abstract:
An EGR control apparatus for an internal combustion engine, which is capable of properly controlling an inert gas amount of two types of EGR gas supplied to cylinders of the engine via two paths different from each other, thereby making it possible to ensure a stable combustion state, reduced exhaust emissions, and improve operability. The EGR control apparatus includes low-pressure and high-pressure EGR devices, and an ECU. The ECU controls the low-pressure and high-pressure EGR gas amounts according to engine speed and demanded torque, and when a combination of engine speed and demanded torque is in a predetermined region, the low-pressure and high-pressure EGR gas amounts are controlled such that inert gas in low-pressure EGR gas exceeds in amount inert gas in high-pressure EGR gas, and the former more exceeds the latter as engine speed is higher or demanded torque is larger.
Abstract:
A catalyst degradation determination device is provided that can determine the degradation of a selective reduction catalyst with high precision while also suppressing a temporary decline in purification performance. By way of controlling a urea injection device, the catalyst degradation determination device increases, in a selective reduction catalyst in a state in which the storage amount is a maximum, the storage amount thereof by a detection reduced-amount portion DSTNH3—JD and then decreases the amount until it is determined that ammonia slip has occurred. Then, degradation is determined based on the time at which the slip determination flag FNH3—SLIP was set to “1” when fluctuating the storage amount. The detection reduced-amount portion DSTNH3—JD is set to a value that is larger than the storage capacity of the selective reduction catalyst in a degraded state and smaller than the storage capacity of the selective reduction catalyst in a normal state.
Abstract:
A sustained-release formulation is provided comprising a solid dispersion composition comprising a tricyclic compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in a mixture comprising a water-soluble polymer and a water-insoluble polymer, and an excipient.
Abstract:
A rectangular heating section is so shaped as to touch the electronic component except corners of the rectangle when the surface of the electronic component does not parallel the heating section. For example, the heating section is formed to be smaller than the electronic component surface, to be a rectangle which is smaller than the electronic component surface and comprises rounded corners, to be an octagon which is smaller than the electronic component surface and is formed by cutting off corners of the rectangle, or to be an octagon which is larger than the electronic component surface and is formed by cutting off corners of the rectangle. A die is prevented from being damaged due to a contact with the heating section of a cooling module at a given point of the die according to a mounting error or a usage state.
Abstract:
Sustained release formulation containing tacrolimus or its hydrate is provided. The time (T63.2%) required for 63.2% of the maximum amount of tacrolimus or its hydrate to be dissolved is 0.7 to 15 hours. The time is measured in accordance to the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, the 13-th edition, Dissolution Test, No. 2 (Puddle method, 50 rpm) using an aqueous 0.005% hydroxypropyl cellulose solution. This aqueous test solution is adjusted to pH 4.5, accordingly. The formulation further comprise a solid base which is a water-soluble polymer and/or wax. The formulation is in the form of a powder, fine powder, granule, tablet or capsule. Furthermore, the formulation is administered to a patient once a day for preventing organ or tissue rejection by transplantation or autoimmune diseases.
Abstract:
An exhaust purification system for an internal combustion engine is provided that can maintain the NOx purification rate of a selective reduction catalyst at near the maximum thereof. The exhaust purification system is provided with an oxidation catalyst and CSF provided in the exhaust plumbing of the engine, a selective reduction catalyst that is provided in the exhaust plumbing on the downstream side of oxidation catalyst and CSF, and selectively reduces NOx in the exhaust, and a NO2 sensor that detects NO2 in the exhaust inside of the exhaust plumbing on the downstream side of the selective reduction catalyst. An ECU executes NO2-NOx ratio decrease processing to cause the NO2-NOx ratio corresponding to the ratio of NO2 to NOx in the exhaust flowing into the selective reduction catalyst to decrease, in a case of a detection value Vno2 from the NO2 sensor being greater than a predetermined value Vno2_th.
Abstract:
An EGR control apparatus for an internal combustion engine, which is capable of properly controlling an inert gas amount of two types of EGR gas supplied to cylinders of the engine via two paths different from each other, thereby making it possible to ensure a stable combustion state, reduced exhaust emissions, and improve operability. The EGR control apparatus includes low-pressure and high-pressure EGR devices, and an ECU. The ECU controls the low-pressure and high-pressure EGR gas amounts according to engine speed and demanded torque, and when a combination of engine speed and demanded torque is in a predetermined region, the low-pressure and high-pressure EGR gas amounts are controlled such that inert gas in low-pressure EGR gas exceeds in amount inert gas in high-pressure EGR gas, and the former more exceeds the latter as engine speed is higher or demanded torque is larger.