摘要:
A charging device includes a member to be charged, and a charging member for charging the member to be charged. The charging member includes a surface layer which can contact the surface of the member to be charged. A voltage is applied between the member to be charged and the charging member. The contact angle with water .gamma..sub.R of the surface layer of the charging member is greater than the contact angle with water .gamma..sub.D of the surface of the member to be charged. An image forming apparatus includes the above-described charging device.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes a movable image bearing member, having a photosensitive layer; an image forming device for forming an image on the image bearing member: a charging member for charging the image bearing member; and a light radiating device for radiating light on the image bearing member; a detector for detecting a datum rotating to a thickness of the photosensitive layer on the basis of the voltage-current characteristic between the charging member and image bearing member; and a controller for controlling the amount of light radiated from the light radiating device to be increased with decrease in the thickness of the photosensitive layer, in response to the detector.
摘要:
The present invention provides an image forming apparatus with an image forming device for forming a developer image on a recording material, an applicator for applying developer to form an image on an image bearing member to form a developer bearing area. A length of the developer bearing area in the generatrix direction of the image bearing member is longer than a maximum image width on the image bearing member in the generatrix direction thereof.
摘要:
A developer-carrying member to be installed in an electrophotographic developing device for carrying and conveying a developer along a surface thereof, is formed of a substrate, and an intermediate electroless plating layer and an electroplating layer disposed in this order on the substrate. As a result of the electroless and electro double plating layer structure, the developer-carrying member is provided with a wear-resistant surface which has an appropriate degree of roughness suitable for conveying the developer thereon and is yet free from minute projections and cracks undesirable from the viewpoint of continuous image forming performances.
摘要:
A developing apparatus for developing a latent image includes a device for supplying developer powder; a developer carrying member for carrying the developer powder supplied from the supplying device to a developing zone where a latent image bearing member is passed; wherein a surface of the developer carrying member for carrying the developer powder is blast-treated by a mixture of regular particles and irregular particles.
摘要:
A power supply device in which bars BB extend in one direction and connect the terminals of the battery cells adjacent to each other. The lines (20) are electrically connectable to the bars BB. The tabs TB electrically connect the bars BB to the lines (20). The bar BB is formed of a clad plate formed of a first metal (3A) and a second metal (3B). The bar BB includes first and second holders (3a and 3b), and a tab holder. The first and second holders (3a and 3b) are arranged in the first and second metals, respectively, and hold the terminals at holding positions. The tab holder is arranged in the first metal (3A), and holds the tab TB at a holding position. The impedance between the first holder (3a) and the tab holder is substantially equal to the impedance between the tab holder and the second holder (3b).
摘要:
Supply of supplementary fuel is controlled by activation of a valve in response to certain engine operating conditions or parameters. For example, the supplementary fuel may be supplied to facilitate starting and warming up a cold engine, or to cool and/or slow down an engine operating above a threshold speed.
摘要:
To provide a catalytic converter that reduces non-uniformity of temperature of a catalyst support and that can approach a uniform temperature distribution, and a structural body for supporting a catalyst that structures this catalytic converter. At a catalyst support, gradually decreasing width portions, at which a width thereof gradually decreases toward electrode centers, are formed at regions where electrodes, are contactingly disposed, as seen in a cross-section orthogonal to a direction in which exhaust flows. The width is shorter than a length of a center line at a given position. Heat generation and heat dissipation of the catalyst support are balanced overall.
摘要:
A composition for forming a chemical mechanical polishing pad having polishing characteristics such as a high polishing rate, an excellent planarity of the polished object, and less scratches of the polished object. The composition includes (A) a polyurethane having a carbon-carbon double bond on a side chain and (B) a cross-linking agent. The polyurethane (A) is preferably a thermoplastic polyurethane (A′) obtained by mixing at least components (a11) to (a13) and component (a2) in a proportion satisfying the following conditions (1) and (2) and reacting them.
摘要:
There is provided a slurry for a secondary battery electrode and an electrode for a secondary battery that produce satisfactory charge-discharge characteristics for secondary batteries, as well as a secondary battery that exhibits satisfactory charge-discharge characteristics. The invention provides a slurry for a secondary battery electrode comprising an electrode active material and an ambient temperature molten salt composed of a cation component and an anion component, an electrode for a secondary battery wherein an electrode active material layer is formed by coating the slurry for a secondary battery electrode onto a current collector, a process for production of an electrode for a secondary battery whereby the slurry for a secondary battery electrode is coated onto a current collector metal foil to form a coated film, and a secondary battery comprising a positive electrode and/or negative electrode fabricated using the electrode for a secondary battery, and an electrolyte.