Abstract:
A distributed arithmetic feed forward equalizer (DAFFE) and method. The DAFFE includes look-up tables (LUTs) in offset binary format. A DA LUT stores sum of partial products values and an adjustment LUT stores adjustment values. DA LUT addresses are formed from same-position bits from all but the most significant bits (MSBs) of a set of digital words of taps and an adjustment LUT address is formed using the MSBs. Sum of partial products values and an adjustment value are acquired from the DA LUT and the adjustment LUT using the DA LUT addresses and the adjustment LUT address, respectively. Reduced complexity downstream adder(s) (which result in reduced power consumption) compute a total sum of the sum of partial products values and the adjustment value (which compensates for using the offset binary format and dropping of the MSBs when forming the DA LUT addresses) to correctly solve a DA equation.
Abstract:
A method of generating a default state in an embedded Multi-Time-Programmable-Read-Only-Memory for a high-performance logic technology consisting of a plurality of memory cells featuring a charge trap, each having a first and a second NMOS transistor. The first and second NMOS transistors use a different mask having different threshold voltages. The second NMOS threshold voltage is adjusted to a middle point of the threshold voltage of the first NMOS with or without trapping the charge. When the charge is not trapped by the first NMOS, the NMOS threshold is lowered to the second NMOS, thereby generating a default state. When the charge is trapped to the first NMOS, the NMOS threshold is higher than the second NMOS, generating a second state. Moreover, a reference voltage generation can use two arrays, each consisting of memory cells and reference memory cells such that a default state can be generated for a single transistor per memory cell.
Abstract:
A memory device with an age-detect-and-correct (ADAC) circuit that detects skew caused by bias temperature instability fatigue (that is, bias temperature instability stress accumulated over time), and counters skew by selectively adjusting the proportion (measured temporally) of active state operation to idle state operation. Also, a memory burn-in device using a similar ADAC circuit.
Abstract:
Approaches for a memory including a cell array are provided. The memory includes a first device of the cell array which is connected to a bitline and a node and controlled by a word line, and a second device of the cell array which comprises a third device which is connected to a source line and the node and controlled by the word line and a fourth device which is connected between the word line and the node. In the memory, in response to another word line in the cell array being activated and the word line not being activated to keep the first device in an unprogrammed state, the third device isolates and floats the node such that a voltage level of a gate to source of the first device is clamped down by the fourth device to a voltage level around zero volts.
Abstract:
A system and method of operating a twin-transistor single bit multi-time programmable memory cell to provide a high gain, sensing scheme for small signals. The memory cell includes a pair of a first transistor and a second transistor providing a differential signal output. The first transistor of the memory cell couples a first circuit leg having a first current source load transistor and the second transistor couples a second circuit leg having a second current source load transistor. A programmed value is represented by a voltage threshold shift in one of the first or second transistors. A feedback circuit receives one of: a first signal or a second signal of the differential signals, and generates, in response, a feedback signal which is simultaneously applied to bias each current source load transistor in each the first and second circuit legs to amplify a voltage differential between the differential signal outputs.
Abstract:
A system and method of operating a twin-transistor single bit multi-time programmable memory cell to provide a high gain, sensing scheme for small signals. The memory cell includes a pair of a first transistor and a second transistor providing a differential signal output. The first transistor of the memory cell couples a first circuit leg having a first current source load transistor and the second transistor couples a second circuit leg having a second current source load transistor. A programmed value is represented by a voltage threshold shift in one of the first or second transistors. A feedback circuit receives one of: a first signal or a second signal of the differential signals, and generates, in response, a feedback signal which is simultaneously applied to bias each current source load transistor in each the first and second circuit legs to amplify a voltage differential between the differential signal outputs.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a power-optimized distributed arithmetic (DA)-based feed forward equalizer (FFE) that performs on-demand equalization processing of a data sample. Specifically, a data stream is represented by digital words, which indicate signal levels at taps on a transmission medium. A screener applies formulas to selected taps as opposed to all taps (e.g., to the main cursor tap, which corresponds to the current data sample, and to specific pre-cursor and post-cursor taps, which correspond to immediately proceeding and following data samples) to determine whether the current data sample (which should indicate a specific two-bit symbol) has degraded during transmission to a point where equalization processing is required. If so, a bypass flag is set to a first level so that the data sample is subjected to equalization processing. If not, the bypass flag is set to a second level so that such processing is bypassed. Also disclosed is a corresponding method.
Abstract:
A sense amplifier device for sensing a differential signal produced by a memory cell includes a first n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (NMOS) stack having multiple NMOS devices sharing a gate connection connected to a complementary data line; and a second NMOS stack having multiple NMOS devices sharing a gate connection connected to a true data line. At least one of the devices in the first stack has higher gate-to-source and drain-to-source voltages than a gate-to-source and drain-to-source voltages of at least one device in the second stack when the voltage of the complementary data line is higher than the true data line. At least one of the devices in the second stack has a higher gate-to-source and drain-to-source voltages than the gate-to-source and drain-to-source voltages of at least one device in the first stack when the voltage of the true data line is higher than the complementary data line.
Abstract:
A low power sense amplifier for an SRAM is described. A first pass gate transistor is driven by bit line true and a second pass gate transistor is driven by bit line complement. A first pull down transistor driven by the bit line complement is coupled to the first pass gate transistor, and a second pull down transistor driven by the bit line true is coupled to the second pass gate transistor. A data line true is coupled to a node coupling the first pass gate transistor with the first pull down transistor and a data line complement is coupled to a node coupling the second pass gate transistor with the second pull down transistor. A current cut-off device cuts off parasitic current from flowing through the first pass gate transistor and the first pull down transistor and through the second pass gate transistor and the second pull down transistor.