公开(公告)号：US4407912A

公开(公告)日：1983-10-04

申请号：US310859

申请日：1981-10-13

申请人： Anil V. Virkar ,  Gerald R. Miller

发明人： Anil V. Virkar ,  Gerald R. Miller

IPC分类号： H01M4/38 ,  H01M10/39 ,  H01M4/36

CPC分类号： H01M10/3909 ,  H01M4/38

摘要： An improved electrochemical cell comprising an additive-modified molten alkali metal electrode-reactant and/or electrolyte is disclosed. Various electrochemical cells employing a molten alkali metal, e.g., sodium, electrode in contact with a cationically conductive ceramic membrane experience a lower resistance and a lower temperature coefficient of resistance whenever small amounts of selenium are present at the interface of the electrolyte and the molten alkali metal. Further, cells having small amounts of selenium present at the electrolyte-molten metal interface exhibit less degradation of the electrolyte under long term cycling conditions.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的电化学电池，其包括添加剂改性的熔融碱金属电极 - 反应物和/或电解质。 使用熔融碱金属（例如钠，与阳离子导电陶瓷膜接触的电极）的各种电化学电池在电解质和熔融碱的界面处存在少量硒时经历较低的电阻和较低的电阻温度系数 金属。 此外，存在于电解质熔融金属界面的具有少量硒的电池在长期循环条件下表现出较少的电解质降解。

公开(公告)号：US4239838A

公开(公告)日：1980-12-16

申请号：US91284

申请日：1979-11-05

申请人： Gerald R. Miller ,  Anil V. Virkar

发明人： Gerald R. Miller ,  Anil V. Virkar

IPC分类号： H01M2/00 ,  H01M2/08 ,  H01M10/39

CPC分类号： H01M2/08 ,  H01M10/3909 ,  H01M2/00

摘要： An energy conversion device comprising an improved sealing member adapted to seal a cation-permeable casing to the remainder of the device. The sealing member comprises a metal substrate which (i) bears a nonconductive and corrosion resistant coating on the major surface to which said casing is sealed, and (ii) is corrugated so as to render it flexible, thereby allowing said member to move relative to said casing without cracking the seal therebetween. Corrugations may be circumferential, radial, or both radial and circumferential so as to form dimples. The corrugated member may be in form of a bellows or in a substantially flat form, such as a disc.

摘要翻译： 一种能量转换装置，包括改进的密封构件，其适于将阳离子可渗透的壳体密封到所述装置的其余部分。 密封构件包括金属基底，其在（i）在所述壳体被密封的主表面上承载不导电和耐腐蚀的涂层，并且（ii）是波纹状的，以使其变得柔性，从而允许所述构件相对于 所述外壳不会破裂其间的密封。 波纹可以是周向的，径向的或径向的和周向的，以便形成凹坑。 波纹构件可以是波纹管的形式或者基本平坦的形式，例如盘。

公开(公告)号：US4895776A

公开(公告)日：1990-01-23

申请号：US267690

申请日：1988-10-26

申请人： Anil V. Virkar ,  Gerald R. Miller ,  James R. Rasmussen

发明人： Anil V. Virkar ,  Gerald R. Miller ,  James R. Rasmussen

IPC分类号： H01M4/36 ,  H01M10/39

CPC分类号： H01M10/3909 ,  H01M4/36

摘要： An improved high temperature electrochemical cell employing a molten alkali metal anolyte, a solid ceramic electrolyte containing mobile alkali metal ions, and a molten sulfur/selenium catholyte is disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的使用熔融碱金属阳极电解液的高温电化学电池，含有可移动碱金属离子的固体陶瓷电解质和熔融硫/硒阴极电解液。

公开(公告)号：US20100173213A1

公开(公告)日：2010-07-08

申请号：US11993649

申请日：2006-06-30

申请人： Frederick F. Lange ,  Anil V. Virkar

发明人： Frederick F. Lange ,  Anil V. Virkar

IPC分类号： H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/24

CPC分类号： H01M8/0252 ,  H01M8/243 ,  H01M8/2465 ,  H01M8/2485 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  H01M2300/0074

摘要： The present invention concerns improved configurations for a fuel cell army. The contacts for the positive electrode and the negative electrode are made outside the higher temperature active reaction space in a cooler area. Thus different more common materials are used which have a longer lifetime and have less stresses at their lower operating temperature. The invention utilizes tubular cell components connected with spines for efficient electron transfer and at least two manifolds outside the reaction zone, which may be cooled by external means. The external protruding connectors are thus at a lower operating temperature. This invention improves fuel cell life span, provides for lower cost, use of more common materials, and reduces the number thermal defects during operation.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及燃料电池军队的改进配置。 正极和负极的触点在较冷的区域的高温活性反应空间的外部。 因此，使用不同的更普通的材料，其具有更长的寿命并且在其较低的操作温度下具有较小的应力。 本发明利用与脊柱连接的管状电池元件以有效地进行电子转移，并且在反应区外部至少有两个歧管，其可以通过外部装置来冷却。 因此，外部突出连接器处于较低的工作温度。 本发明改进燃料电池寿命，提供更低成本，更常用材料的使用，并减少运行中的热缺陷数量。

公开(公告)号：US6106967A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-22

申请号：US332237

申请日：1999-06-14

申请人： Anil V. Virkar ,  Jai-Woh Kim ,  Kuan-Zong Fung

发明人： Anil V. Virkar ,  Jai-Woh Kim ,  Kuan-Zong Fung

IPC分类号： H01M8/02 ,  H01M8/12 ,  H01M8/24

CPC分类号： H01M8/021 ,  H01M8/0247 ,  H01M8/2425 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  H01M2300/0074 ,  H01M8/0258

摘要： A solid oxide fuel cell stack having a plurality of integral component fuel cell units, each integral component fuel cell unit having a porous anode layer, a porous cathode layer, and a dense electrolyte layer disposed between the porous anode layer and the porous cathode layer. The porous anode layer forms a plurality of substantially parallel fuel gas channels on its surface facing away from the dense electrolyte layer and extending from one side to the opposite side of the anode layer, and the porous cathode layer forms a plurality of substantially parallel oxidant gas channels on its surface facing away from the dense electrolyte layer and extending from one side to the opposite side of the cathode. A flexible metallic foil interconnect is provided between the porous anode and porous cathode of adjacent integral component fuel cell units.

摘要翻译： 一种具有多个整体式燃料电池单元的固体氧化物型燃料电池堆，具有多孔性阳极层，多孔性阴极层和配置在多孔质阳极层与多孔性阴极层之间的致密电解质层的整体式燃料电池单元。 多孔阳极层在其表面上形成多个基本平行的燃料气体通道，该通道背离致密的电解质层并从阳极层的一侧延伸到相对侧，多孔阴极层形成多个基本上平行的氧化剂气体 通道在其表面上背离致密的电解质层并从阴极的一侧延伸到另一侧。 在相邻的整体式燃料电池单元的多孔阳极和多孔阴极之间提供柔性金属箔互连。

公开(公告)号：US5624542A

公开(公告)日：1997-04-29

申请号：US489382

申请日：1995-06-12

申请人： Yousheng Shen ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  Dale M. Taylor ,  Michael J. Boettcher ,  Kevin Krist ,  Anil V. Virkar

发明人： Yousheng Shen ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  Dale M. Taylor ,  Michael J. Boettcher ,  Kevin Krist ,  Anil V. Virkar

IPC分类号： B01D53/22 ,  B01D53/32 ,  B01D71/02 ,  C01B13/02 ,  C01G29/00 ,  C01G55/00 ,  C04B35/01 ,  C04B35/453 ,  C04B35/50 ,  C22C29/12 ,  H01M4/90 ,  H01M8/12 ,  C25B15/00

CPC分类号： B01D53/228 ,  B01D53/326 ,  B01D67/0041 ,  B01D67/0046 ,  B01D69/141 ,  B01D71/02 ,  B01D71/024 ,  C01B13/0255 ,  C01G29/006 ,  C01G55/002 ,  C04B35/01 ,  C04B35/453 ,  C04B35/50 ,  C22C29/12 ,  H01M4/9016 ,  H01M8/12 ,  B01D2325/26 ,  C01B2210/0046 ,  C01P2002/50 ,  C01P2002/72 ,  C01P2004/02 ,  C01P2004/61 ,  C01P2006/10 ,  C01P2006/40 ,  H01M2300/0068

摘要： Enhancement of mechanical properties of ceramic membranes by introduction of a uniformly distributed high-temperature oxidation-resistant metal phase into the brittle ceramic phase to achieve mechanically strong ceramic/metal composites operable in an oxidation atmosphere and at elevated temperatures.

摘要翻译： 通过在脆性陶瓷相中引入均匀分布的高温抗氧化金属相来提高陶瓷膜的机械性能，以实现在氧化气氛和高温下可操作的机械强度高的陶瓷/金属复合材料。

公开(公告)号：US5543239A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-06

申请号：US424174

申请日：1995-04-19

申请人： Anil V. Virkar ,  Kuan-Zong Fung ,  Cameron W. Tanner

发明人： Anil V. Virkar ,  Kuan-Zong Fung ,  Cameron W. Tanner

IPC分类号： H01M8/12 ,  H01M8/10

CPC分类号： H01M8/1213 ,  C04B35/01 ,  C04B35/486 ,  C04B35/50 ,  C04B2235/3224 ,  C04B2235/3225 ,  C04B2235/3244 ,  C04B2235/3246 ,  C04B2235/3286 ,  H01M4/9025 ,  H01M4/9033 ,  H01M4/9041 ,  H01M4/905 ,  H01M8/1246 ,  H01M8/1253 ,  Y02E60/525 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： An improved electrode design for solid state devices, fuel cells, sensors and the like is made by incorporation of a porous layer of the electrolyte material over the dense electrolyte, and by the introduction of an electrocatalyst into the porous layer such that it is also continuous. The resulting electrode structure of dense electrolyte/porous electrolyte, continuous electrocatalyst and gas phase are present creating an enhanced three phase (TPB) length over that of conventional designs. The design allows for improved performance at lower temperatures which means a lower cost of materials, fewer problems from oxidation and corrosion, and improved durability. In a preferred embodiment, the dense electrolyte and porous electrolyte is yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), and the electrocatalyst is selected from silver; platinum; rhodium; palladium; iridium; ruthenium;(La.sub.1-x Sr.sub.x) MnO.sub.3, wherein x is 0 to 0.5;(La.sub.1-x Sr.sub.x) CoO.sub.3, wherein x is 0 to 0.6;(La.sub.1-x Sr.sub.x)(Co.sub.1-y Fe.sub.y)O.sub.3, wherein x is 0 to 0.4 and y is 0 to 0.8;In.sub.2 O.sub.3 --PrO.sub.1.83 --ZrO.sub.2, having composition ratios of In.sub.2 O.sub.3 of 0-90%, PrO.sub.1.83 of 10-60% and ZrO.sub.2 of 0 to 50%;TbO.sub.2 being 35 to 40% doped with YSZ;SnO.sub.2 being 0 to 20% doped with In.sub.2 O.sub.3 ;ZrO.sub.2 being 0 to 40% doped with In.sub.2 O.sub.3 ;Sm.sub.0.5 Sr.sub.0.5 CoO.sub.3 ;La.sub.0.6 Ca0.4MnO.sub.3 ;Y.sub.1-x Ca.sub.x FeO.sub.3, wherein x is 0 to 1;SrCo.sub.1-x Fe.sub.x O.sub.3, wherein x is 0.2 to 0.8;TiO.sub.2 being 0-30% doped with YSZ; or mixtures thereof.

摘要翻译： 固态器件，燃料电池，传感器等的改进的电极设计是通过将电解质材料的多孔层结合在致密电解质上，并通过在多孔层中引入电催化剂使得它也是连续的 。 产生的致密电解质/多孔电解质，连续电催化剂和气相的所得电极结构与传统设计相比具有增强的三相（TPB）长度。 该设计允许在较低温度下提高性能，这意味着更低的材料成本，更少的氧化和腐蚀问题以及改进的耐久性。 在优选实施方案中，致密电解质和多孔电解质是氧化钇稳定的氧化锆（YSZ），电催化剂选自银; 铂; 铑; 钯; 铱; 钌; （La1-xSrx）MnO3，其中x为0至0.5; （La1-xSrx）CoO3，其中x为0至0.6; （La1-xSrx）（Co1-yFey）O3，其中x为0至0.4，y为0至0.8; In2O3-PrO1.83-ZrO2，In2O3的组成比为0〜90％，PrO1.83为10-60％，ZrO2为0〜50％; 掺杂YSZ的TbO2为35〜40％ SnO 2是掺杂In2O3的0〜20％ 掺杂有In2O3的ZrO 2为0〜40％ Sm0.5 Sr0.5CoO3; La0.6Ca0.4MnO3; Y1-xCaxFeO3，其中x为0至1; SrCo1-xFexO3，其中x为0.2至0.8; TiO 2用YSZ掺杂为0-30％; 或其混合物。

公开(公告)号：US5006494A

公开(公告)日：1991-04-09

申请号：US342291

申请日：1989-04-24

申请人： Anil V. Virkar

发明人： Anil V. Virkar

IPC分类号： C01G29/00 ,  C04B35/00 ,  C04B35/453

CPC分类号： C04B35/453

摘要： Disclosed is a stable bismuth oxide composition having excellent oxygen ion conductivity comprising: from 50 to 90 mole % Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 10 to 40 mole % of a rare earth oxide, such as yttria; and from 0.1 to 10 mole % g an oxide compound, such as ZrO.sub.2 or ThO.sub.2. The composition retains its oxygen ion transport capabilities even after prolonged annealing.

摘要翻译： 公开了具有优异的氧离子传导率的稳定的氧化铋组合物，其包含：50至90摩尔％的Bi 2 O 3，10至40摩尔％的稀土氧化物，例如氧化钇; 和0.1至10摩尔％的氧化物化合物，例如ZrO 2或ThO 2。 即使在长时间退火后，组合物仍保留其氧离子传输能力。

公开(公告)号：US4656071A

公开(公告)日：1987-04-07

申请号：US665912

申请日：1984-10-29

申请人： Anil V. Virkar

发明人： Anil V. Virkar

IPC分类号： B32B18/00 ,  C04B35/053 ,  C04B35/119 ,  B32B17/06 ,  B05D3/02 ,  F16L9/10

CPC分类号： C04B35/053 ,  B32B18/00 ,  C04B35/119 ,  C04B35/645 ,  C04B2235/656 ,  C04B2235/6567 ,  C04B2235/668 ,  C04B2237/34 ,  C04B2237/343 ,  C04B2237/348 ,  C04B2237/704 ,  Y10T428/1314 ,  Y10T428/1317 ,  Y10T428/2933 ,  Y10T428/2956 ,  Y10T428/2958

摘要： Ceramic bodies having a balanced overall stress pattern in which are present individual stress zones of compressive and tensile stresses and the techniques for forming said bodies are disclosed. The bodies are formed by having slightly different compositional patterns from one zone to another whereby during cooling there is a differential volumetric expansion or contraction in one zone as compared to an adjacent zone. The volumetric expansion or contraction is caused by a material which undergoes a phase transformation during the cooling from the sintering temperatures utilized to sinter the ceramic body, whereby such phase transformation is accompanied by a volumetric change.

摘要翻译： 公开了具有平衡总应力模式的陶瓷体，其中存在压缩和拉伸应力的单个应力区域以及用于形成所述主体的技术。 这些主体通过从一个区域到另一个区域具有稍微不同的组成图案形成，由此在冷却期间，与相邻区域相比，在一个区域中存在差异的体积膨胀或收缩。 体积膨胀或收缩由在用于烧结陶瓷体的烧结温度的冷却期间经历相变的材料引起，由此这种相变伴随着体积变化。

公开(公告)号：US06368383B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-09

申请号：US09589425

申请日：2000-06-07

申请人： Anil V. Virkar ,  Christian Friedrich Gottzmann ,  Ravi Prasad ,  Bart Antonie Van Hassel

发明人： Anil V. Virkar ,  Christian Friedrich Gottzmann ,  Ravi Prasad ,  Bart Antonie Van Hassel

IPC分类号： B01D5322

CPC分类号： B01D69/12 ,  B01D53/228 ,  B01D69/02 ,  B01D71/024 ,  B01D2257/104 ,  B01D2325/021 ,  B01D2325/26 ,  C01B13/0255 ,  C01B2210/0046 ,  C01B2210/0051

摘要： A method of separating oxygen from an oxygen containing gas with a composite membrane capable of conducting oxygen ions and electrons. In accordance with the method, the composite membrane is subjected to an operational temperature and the oxygen containing gas at a cathode side thereof. The composite membrane has a dense layer, at least one active porous layer contiguous to the dense layer, and at least one porous support layer. The active porous layer has a thickness and a distribution of pore radii. The distribution of pore radii has a standard deviation from a theoretical radius that would produce a maximum operation flux through the thickness when the thickness is about equal to a product of a constant and the square root of the theoretical radius. The constant is a function of a material used to fabricate the active porous layer, the operational temperature and an oxygen partial pressure within the active porous layer, and a porosity and a tortuosity produced by the pore radii. The standard deviation of the log of the theoretical radius is equal to a product of 1.45 and a shape factor, the shape factor being greater than 0 and no greater than about 0.5.

摘要翻译： 从含氧气体中分离出氧和能够导电氧离子和电子的复合膜的方法。 根据该方法，复合膜经受操作温度，阴极侧含有含氧气体。 复合膜具有致密层，与致密层邻接的至少一个活性多孔层和至少一个多孔载体层。 活性多孔层具有孔半径的厚度和分布。 孔半径的分布与理论半径的标准偏差，当理论半径的厚度约等于理论半径的常数和平方根的乘积时，将产生通过厚度的最大工作磁通。 常数是用于制造活性多孔层的材料的功能，活性多孔层内的操作温度和氧分压，以及由孔半径产生的孔隙率和曲折度。 理论半径的对数的标准偏差等于1.45的乘积和形状因子，形状因子大于0且不大于约0.5。