摘要:
An electrode of an oxygen sensor of the concentration cell type is made of a material such as Au or a Pt/Pb/S mixture, which material is devoid of catalytic oxidizing effect on CO and HC in an engine exhaust gas, so that the EMF characteristics depend on actual O.sub.2 concentrations.
摘要:
One of the Pt electrodes of a concentration cell comprising a solid oxygen-ion electrolyte is coated with a porous inorganic material such as .gamma.-type Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 impregnated with an oxidation catalyst such as Pt so that oxidation reactions in a mixed gas to be measured may attain equilibrium before the gas comes into contact with the cell.
摘要翻译:包含固体氧离子电解质的浓度单元的Pt电极之一涂覆有多孔无机材料,例如用氧化催化剂如Pt浸渍的γ型Al 2 O 3,以使待测量的混合气体中的氧化反应达到 在气体与电池接触之前的平衡。
摘要:
To effect EGR in an internal combustion engine with the maintenance of adequate balance between the suppression of NO.sub.x formation and preservation of stable engine operation, the condition of combustion in the engine is taken as the basis of feedback control of the volume of recirculated exhaust gas so as to correct a deviation of the total amount of the recirculated exhaust gas and unexhausted combustion gas in the combustion chamber from a desired amount. The intensity of an ionic current produced upon combustion in each combustion chamber, the magnitude of mechanical vibration of the engine or the frequency of misfire in a combustion chamber is detected as an exact indication of the condition of combustion.
摘要:
In a PWM control type power supply apparatus, a modulation (high frequency) signal component is eliminated from an AC output. The PWM control type power supply apparatus includes: AC-to-DC converting means coupled to an AC (alternating current) power source capable of supplying a first AC voltage having a low frequency from a pair of output terminals, for converting the first AC voltage to obtain a positive DC (direct current) voltage from a positive half cycle of the first AC voltage appearing at one output terminal and a negative DC voltage from a negative half cycle of the first AC voltage appearing at one output terminal with a common voltage appearing at the other output terminal; and, DC-to-AC inverter means including a pair of first and second switching elements, and a PWM (pulse width modulation) controller for controlling switching operations of the first and second switching elements in a PWM control mode so as to invert the positive and negative DC voltage into a second AC voltage having a modulation frequency higher than the low frequency with respect to the common voltage output terminal, whereby the second AC voltage contains no modulation frequency component.
摘要:
This detective circuit detects an abnormal drop of an input voltage of a switching regulator of the flyback system. From the secondary winding of the switching regulator, a constant voltage controlled dc voltage is delivered through a diode. This circuit is provided with a peak voltage charging circuit which detects the peak value of a voltage produced in a direction opposite to the forward direction of the diode, and a voltage comparator which compares the peak value with a setting value. Since this peak value is in proportion to the input voltage, the output of the voltage comparator indicates an abnormal drop of the input voltage.
摘要:
An intake manifold of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine is constructed so as to feed a rich air-fuel mixture into certain cylinders, and a lean mixture into the others.
摘要:
A system and method for controlling intake air flow of an internal combustion engine wherein the response of intake manifold pressure to changes in throttle valve position is controlled in accordance with an engine operating parameter and the gear position of an engine transmission, whereby jerk during acceleration or deceleration can be minimized and engine drivability can be harmonized with engine responsiveness.
摘要:
In a spark-ignited internal combustion engine having a plurality of combustion chambers, at least one combustion chamber is intentionally caused to misfire either periodically or continuously to increase the amount of unburned fuel in the exhaust gas when the temperature in the thermal reactor drops excessively during, e.g., idling of the engine. An ignition system for performing the method has a supplementary ignition primary circuit which is normally disconnected from the ignition coil primary, but causes the secondary voltage either to become zero periodically or to lower when connected with the ignition coil primary. Alternatively, the ignition timing is retarded from a normal timing in a portion of the combustion chambers to raise the exhaust gas temperature. An ignition system for the ignition timing retardation has a supplementary circuit which prevents certain times of the breaks in the primary circuit from producing sparks in the intended combustion chambers and supplies a high voltage pulse to each of these combustion chambers with a predetermined time delay from each of the breaks which are made ineffectual.
摘要:
A conveying device includes a first feeder that rotatably supports a roll sheet and feeds the roll sheet to a conveying path, a second feeder that feeds a cut sheet to the conveying path, and a controller that determines whether a sheet fed to the conveying path is the roll sheet or the cut sheet based on the relationship between movement of the sheet fed to the conveying path and rotation of the roll sheet.