摘要:
Semiconductor memory devices and methods of forming the semiconductor devices may be provided. The semiconductor memory devices may include a channel portion of an active pillar that may be formed of a semiconductor material having a charge mobility greater than a charge mobility of silicon. The semiconductor devices may also include a non-channel portion of the active pillar including a semiconductor material having a high silicon content.
摘要:
Semiconductor memory devices and methods of forming the semiconductor devices may be provided. The semiconductor memory devices may include a channel portion of an active pillar that may be formed of a semiconductor material having a charge mobility greater than a charge mobility of silicon. The semiconductor devices may also include a non-channel portion of the active pillar including a semiconductor material having a high silicon content.
摘要:
According to example embodiments, a nonvolatile memory device includes a plurality of cell strings on a horizontal semiconductor layer. Each of the cell strings including a plurality of memory cells stacked in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal semiconductor layer. According to example embodiments, a programming method of the nonvolatile memory device includes setting up bitlines corresponding the cell strings, setting up a plurality of string select lines connected to the cell strings, and applying a negative voltage lower to a ground select line. The ground select line is connected to a plurality of ground select transistors between the memory cells and the semiconductor layer. The string select lines extend in a direction intersecting the bitlines. The negative voltage is lower than a ground voltage.
摘要:
A head covering with a band portion in a shape of a flat strip or loop and a plurality of flat members that are connected to or a part of the band is disclosed. The flat members projects toward a top side of the band. An outer surface of the flat members includes or is made of a material that can be fastened to a certain corresponding type of material. Thereby, the invention provides a foundation for hairpieces having a fastening component that corresponds to a fastening component used in the invention. The flat members as a whole generally cover a scalp of a head but not completely, exposing the scalp through gaps between flat members. Especially, a top portion or a crown of a scalp is generally exposed due to an open-top construction of the head covering. However, as a single hairpiece is fastened to multiple flat members, the hairpiece in turn works to hold the multiple flat members together. When more hairpieces are attached to flat members, the flat members become structurally solid in a shape that conforms to the contour of the scalp. In so doing, hairpieces cover and bridge the gaps between flat members, thereby completely covering a head.
摘要:
Methods of programming or erasing a nonvolatile memory device having a charge storage layer including performing at least one unit programming or erasing loop, each unit programming or erasing loop including applying a programming pulse, an erasing pulse, a time delay, a soft erase pulse, soft programming pulse and/or a verifying pulse as a positive or negative voltage to a portion (for example, a word line or a substrate) of the nonvolatile memory device.