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公开(公告)号：US20100310045A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-09
申请号：US12809238
申请日：2007-12-21
申请人： Kevin John Brown , Maria Giulia Thompspm , Vibeke Nordmark Hansen , Philip Mark Evans , David Anthony Roberts
发明人： Kevin John Brown , Maria Giulia Thompspm , Vibeke Nordmark Hansen , Philip Mark Evans , David Anthony Roberts
CPC分类号： H05H7/12 , H01J35/00 , H01J2235/08 , H05H6/00 , H05H9/04
摘要： X-ray apparatus comprises a linear accelerator adapted to produce a beam of electrons at one of at least two selectable energies and being controlled to change the selected energy on a periodic basis, and a target to which the beam is directed thereby to produce a beam of x-radiation, the target being non-homogenous and being driven to move periodically in synchrony with the change of the selected energy. In this way, the target can move so that a different part is exposed to the electron beam when different pulses arrive. This enables the appropriate target material to be employed depending on the selected energy. The easiest form of periodic movement for the target is likely to be a rotational movement. The target can be immersed in a coolant fluid such as water. The linear accelerator can be of the type disclosed in WO2006/097697A1. The target preferably contains at least one exposed area of tungsten and/or at least one exposed area of carbon. These can be present as inhomogeneities in the material of which the target is composed, such as Carbon inserts in a Tungsten substrate (or vice versa), alternating segments of Carbon and Tungsten, Carbon and Tungsten inserts in a substrate of a third material, or arrangements involving other materials in addition to or instead of Carbon and/or Tungsten. Alternatively, the target can be of a homogenous material but have inhomogeneities in its thickness to cater for the different electron energies. The same concept can be applied to the filter. A detector can be provided, operating in synchrony with the energy variation. Such an x-ray apparatus can form a part of a radiotherapy apparatus, in which case the first selected energy can be a diagnostic energy and a second selected energy a therapeutic energy.
摘要翻译： X射线装置包括线性加速器，其适于以至少两个可选择的能量之一产生电子束，并被控制以周期性地改变所选择的能量，以及射束从而产生射束 的x辐射，目标是不均匀的并且被驱动以与所选择的能量的变化同步地周期性地移动。 以这种方式，当不同的脉冲到达时，目标可以移动，使得不同的部分暴露于电子束。 这使得能够根据所选择的能量使用适当的目标材料。 目标的最简单的周期性运动形式可能是旋转运动。 目标可以浸入冷却液如水中。 线性加速器可以是WO2006 / 097697A1中公开的类型。 目标优选地包含钨的至少一个暴露区域和/或至少一个暴露的碳区域。 这些可以作为靶材组成的材料中的不均匀性，例如在钨基底（或反之亦然）中的碳插入物），碳和钨的交替段，碳和钨插入物在第三材料的衬底中，或 除碳或/或钨之外还有其他材料的安排。 或者，靶可以是均质材料，但是其厚度具有不均匀性以适应不同的电子能量。 相同的概念可以应用于过滤器。 可以提供与能量变化同步操作的检测器。 这种X射线设备可以形成放射治疗设备的一部分，在这种情况下，第一选择的能量可以是诊断能量，而第二选择的能量可以是治疗能量。
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公开(公告)号：US08306189B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-06
申请号：US12809238
申请日：2007-12-21
申请人： Kevin John Brown , Maria Giulia Thompson , Vibeke Nordmark Hansen , Philip Mark Evans , David Anthony Roberts
发明人： Kevin John Brown , Maria Giulia Thompson , Vibeke Nordmark Hansen , Philip Mark Evans , David Anthony Roberts
IPC分类号： H01J35/00
CPC分类号： H05H7/12 , H01J35/00 , H01J2235/08 , H05H6/00 , H05H9/04
摘要： X-ray apparatus comprises a linear accelerator adapted to produce a beam of electrons at one of at least two selectable energies and being controlled to change the selected energy on a periodic basis, and a target to which the beam is directed thereby to produce a beam of x-radiation, the target being non-homogenous and being driven to move periodically in synchrony with the change of the selected energy. In this way, the target can move so that a different part is exposed to the electron beam when different pulses arrive. This enables the appropriate target material to be employed depending on the selected energy. The easiest form of periodic movement for the target is likely to be a rotational movement.
摘要翻译： X射线装置包括线性加速器，其适于以至少两个可选择的能量之一产生电子束，并被控制以周期性地改变所选择的能量，以及射束从而产生射束 的x辐射，目标是不均匀的并且被驱动以与所选择的能量的变化同步地周期性地移动。 以这种方式，当不同的脉冲到达时，目标可以移动，使得不同的部分暴露于电子束。 这使得能够根据所选择的能量使用适当的目标材料。 目标的最简单的周期性运动形式可能是旋转运动。
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公开(公告)号：US08355482B2
公开(公告)日：2013-01-15
申请号：US12992727
申请日：2009-05-15
申请人： Kevin Brown , Maria Giulia Thompson , Vibeke Nordmark Hansen , Philip Mark Evans , David Anthony Roberts
发明人： Kevin Brown , Maria Giulia Thompson , Vibeke Nordmark Hansen , Philip Mark Evans , David Anthony Roberts
CPC分类号： A61N5/1049 , A61B6/06 , A61B6/4042 , A61B6/583 , A61N2005/1061 , G21K1/02 , G21K1/10 , H01J35/08 , H01J2235/081 , H01J2235/087
摘要： It is desirable to achieve a co-incident investigative kV source for a therapeutic MV source—a so-called “beams-eye-view” source. It has been suggested that bremsstrahlung radiation from an electron window be employed; we propose a practical structure for achieving this which can switch easily between a therapeutic beam and a beam-eye-view diagnostic beam capable of offering good image resolution. Such a radiation source comprises an electron gun, a pair of targets locatable in the path of a beam produced by the electron gun, one target of the pair being of a material with a lower atomic number than the other, and an electron absorber insertable into and withdrawable from the path of the beam. In a preferred form, the electron gun is within a vacuum chamber, and the pair of targets are located at a boundary of the vacuum chamber. The lower atomic number target can be Nickel and the higher atomic number target Copper and/or Tungsten. The electron absorber can be Carbon, and can be located within the primary collimator, or within one of a plurality of primary collimators interchangeably locatable in the path of the beam. Such a radiation source can be included within a radiotherapy apparatus, to which the present invention further relates. A flat panel imaging device for this source can be optimised for low energy x-rays rather than high energy; Caesium Iodide-based panels are therefore suitable.
摘要翻译： 期望实现用于治疗性MV源的共同调查性kV源 - 所谓的束视野源。 有人建议使用来自电子窗的bre致辐射; 我们提出了实现这一点的实际结构，其可以在能够提供良好的图像分辨率的治疗光束和眼睛视图诊断光束之间容易地切换。 这样的辐射源包括电子枪，一对可定位在由电子枪产生的光束的路径中的一对靶，该对中的一个靶是具有比另一个更低原子序数的材料，以及电子吸收体可插入 并从梁的路径中抽出。 在优选形式中，电子枪位于真空室内，并且该对靶位于真空室的边界处。 较低的原子序号目标可以是镍，较高原子序号的目标铜和/或钨。 电子吸收器可以是碳，并且可以位于主准直器内，或者位于可互换定位在光束路径中的多个主准直仪之一内。 这样的辐射源可以包括在本发明进一步涉及的放射治疗装置内。 用于该源的平板成像装置可以针对低能x射线而不是高能量进行优化; 因此，基于碘化铯的面板是合适的。
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公开(公告)号：US20110142202A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-16
申请号：US12992727
申请日：2009-05-15
申请人： Kevin Brown , Maria Giulia Thompson , Vibeke Nordmark Hansen , Philip Mark Evans , David Anthony Roberts
发明人： Kevin Brown , Maria Giulia Thompson , Vibeke Nordmark Hansen , Philip Mark Evans , David Anthony Roberts
CPC分类号： A61N5/1049 , A61B6/06 , A61B6/4042 , A61B6/583 , A61N2005/1061 , G21K1/02 , G21K1/10 , H01J35/08 , H01J2235/081 , H01J2235/087
摘要： It is desirable to achieve a co-incident investigative kV source for a therapeutic MV source—a so-called “beams-eye-view” source. It has been suggested that bremsstrahlung radiation from an electron window be employed; we propose a practical structure for achieving this which can switch easily between a therapeutic beam and a beam-eye-view diagnostic beam capable of offering good image resolution. Such a radiation source comprises an electron gun, a pair of targets locatable in the path of a beam produced by the electron gun, one target of the pair being of a material with a lower atomic number than the other, and an electron absorber insertable into and withdrawable from the path of the beam. In a preferred form, the electron gun is within a vacuum chamber, and the pair of targets are located at a boundary of the vacuum chamber. The lower atomic number target can be Nickel and the higher atomic number target Copper and/or Tungsten. The electron absorber can be Carbon, and can be located within the primary collimator, or within one of a plurality of primary collimators interchangeably locatable in the path of the beam. Such a radiation source can be included within a radiotherapy apparatus, to which the present invention further relates. A flat panel imaging device for this source can be optimised for low energy x-rays rather than high energy; Caesium Iodide-based panels are therefore suitable.
摘要翻译： 期望实现用于治疗性MV源的共同调查性kV源 - 所谓的“眼 - 视”源。 有人建议使用来自电子窗的bre致辐射; 我们提出了实现这一点的实际结构，其可以在能够提供良好的图像分辨率的治疗光束和眼睛视图诊断光束之间容易地切换。 这样的辐射源包括电子枪，一对可定位在由电子枪产生的光束的路径中的一对靶，该对中的一个靶是具有比另一个更低原子序数的材料，以及电子吸收体可插入 并从梁的路径中抽出。 在优选形式中，电子枪位于真空室内，并且该对靶位于真空室的边界处。 较低的原子序号目标可以是镍，较高原子序号的目标铜和/或钨。 电子吸收器可以是碳，并且可以位于主准直器内，或者位于可互换定位在光束路径中的多个主准直仪之一内。 这样的辐射源可以包括在本发明进一步涉及的放射治疗装置内。 用于该源的平板成像装置可以针对低能x射线而不是高能量进行优化; 因此，基于碘化铯的面板是合适的。
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5.发明授权公开(公告)号：US09038914B2
公开(公告)日：2015-05-26
申请号：US12668184
申请日：2008-07-07
CPC分类号： G06K7/0008 , G06K7/0095 , G06K7/10465
摘要： Reference equipment including a reference card and a reference reader is provided for testing electronic payment devices such as cards and card readers. The reference equipment includes reference cards and reference readers that respectively can be used to verify compliance of product cards and product readers with product specifications The product specifications may, for example, be the ISO 14443 Standard specifications which are commonly accepted in the electronic payment industry The reference equipment is designed to enhance interoperability of product payment devices whose functional behaviors may vary because of vendor customization of device specifications or due to manufacturing tolerances In some embodiments, the reference equipment includes a reference card for testing card readers The exemplary reference card can comprise a current mirror to permit an electronically adjustable variable load using an external controller The reference card electronic circuit can exhibit variable load conditions.
摘要翻译： 提供包括参考卡和参考读取器的参考设备用于测试卡和读卡器等电子支付设备。 参考设备包括参考卡和参考读取器，可分别用于验证产品卡和产品读卡器是否符合产品规格产品规格可以是例如电子支付行业中普遍接受的ISO 14443标准规范。 参考设备旨在增强产品支付设备的互操作性，其功能行为可能因设备规格的供应商定制或由于制造公差而变化。在一些实施例中，参考设备包括用于测试读卡器的参考卡。示例性参考卡可以包括 电流镜，允许使用外部控制器进行电子可调节的可变负载参考卡电子电路可以呈现可变负载条件。
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6.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08442796B2
公开(公告)日：2013-05-14
申请号：US12668179
申请日：2008-07-07
IPC分类号： G06F19/00
CPC分类号： G06K7/0008 , G06K7/0095 , G06K7/10465
摘要： A system and method for testing and calibrating electronic contactless payment devices including reference payment cards and readers. The contactless payment devices transmit data by load modulating a subcarrier of an RF carrier signal. The system and method involve use of a common mode rejection (CMR) circuit to demodulate a received load-modulated data signal and to extract the data signal. The CMR circuit also generates a synchronous clock signal, a sample & hold signal and a sample & hold clock signal. Further, the input signal is feed to a zero-crossing detector and digital delay which in combination with an Analog-to-Digital Converter circuit is used to recreate the load (i.e. modulating) signal and to eliminate the large carrier portion of the selected input signal.
摘要翻译： 一种用于测试和校准电子非接触支付设备的系统和方法，包括参考支付卡和读卡器。 非接触支付设备通过负载调制RF载波信号的子载波来发送数据。 该系统和方法涉及使用共模抑制（CMR）电路来解调所接收的负载调制数据信号并提取数据信号。 CMR电路还产生同步时钟信号，采样保持信号和采样和保持时钟信号。 此外，输入信号被馈送到过零检测器和数字延迟，其与模数转换器电路结合用于重建负载（即，调制）信号并消除所选输入的大载波部分 信号。
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公开(公告)号：US08314702B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-20
申请号：US12352794
申请日：2009-01-13
IPC分类号： G08B13/14
CPC分类号： H04B5/00
摘要： A proximity information device includes a body, a radio frequency identification (RFID) integrated circuit (IC) supported by the body, and a threshold detector coupled to the RFID IC. The RFID IC is operative to transmit a response message in response to an interrogation signal if the threshold detector indicates that a detected magnetic and electric field and the relative strength of magnetic field compared to the electric field satisfy a predetermined threshold.
摘要翻译： 接近信息装置包括主体，身体支持的射频识别（RFID）集成电路（IC）以及耦合到RFID IC的阈值检测器。 如果阈值检测器指示检测到的磁场和电场相对于电场的磁场的相对强度满足预定阈值，则RFID IC可操作地响应于询问信号而发送响应消息。
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公开(公告)号：US20120076269A1
公开(公告)日：2012-03-29
申请号：US12889898
申请日：2010-09-24
IPC分类号： A61N5/10
CPC分类号： A61N5/1049 , A61N5/1045 , A61N5/1065 , A61N5/1069 , A61N2005/1061
摘要： The present invention provides a radiotherapy apparatus for applying therapeutic radiation to a target region of a patient, comprising a patient support, a source of radiation, a collimator comprising a plurality of leaves, a sensing system and control circuitry. The position of a target region is determined and resolved into two components orthogonal to the radiation beam axis. One component is assigned to the patient support, and the other to the collimator leaves, such that movement of the target region is compensated for and the radiation beam intersects is correctly targeted.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于将治疗辐射施加到患者的目标区域的放射治疗装置，包括患者支架，辐射源，包括多个叶片的准直器，感测系统和控制电路。 确定目标区域的位置并将其解析为与辐射束轴正交的两个分量。 一个组件被分配给患者支架，另一个部件被分配给患者支架，另一个部件被分配给准直器离开，使得补偿目标区域的移动并且辐射束相交正确地被定向。
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公开(公告)号：US20110042465A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-24
申请号：US12668184
申请日：2008-07-07
IPC分类号： G06K19/073 , G01R31/302
CPC分类号： G06K7/0008 , G06K7/0095 , G06K7/10465
摘要： Reference equipment including a reference card and a reference reader is provided for testing electronic payment devices such as cards and card readers. The reference equipment includes reference cards and reference readers that respectively can be used to verify compliance of product cards and product readers with product specifications The product specifications may, for example, be the ISO 14443 Standard specifications which are commonly accepted in the electronic payment industry The reference equipment is designed to enhance interoperability of product payment devices whose functional behaviors may vary because of vendor customization of device specifications or due to manufacturing tolerances In some embodiments, the reference equipment includes a reference card for testing card readers The exemplary reference card can comprise a current mirror to permit an electronically adjustable variable load using an external controller The reference card electronic circuit can exhibit variable load conditions
摘要翻译： 提供包括参考卡和参考读取器的参考设备用于测试卡和读卡器等电子支付设备。 参考设备包括参考卡和参考读取器，可分别用于验证产品卡和产品读卡器是否符合产品规格产品规格可以是例如电子支付行业中普遍接受的ISO 14443标准规范。 参考设备旨在增强产品支付设备的互操作性，其功能行为可能因设备规格的供应商定制或由于制造公差而变化。在一些实施例中，参考设备包括用于测试读卡器的参考卡。示例性参考卡可以包括 电流镜，以允许使用外部控制器的电子可调节的可变负载参考卡电子电路可以呈现可变负载条件
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公开(公告)号：US20080082452A1
公开(公告)日：2008-04-03
申请号：US11566478
申请日：2006-12-04
IPC分类号： G06Q20/00
CPC分类号： G06Q20/18 , G06Q20/04 , G06Q20/341 , G06Q20/367 , G06Q20/3672 , G06Q20/3674 , G06Q20/382 , G06Q20/385 , G06Q20/40 , G06Q20/4012 , G06Q20/4014 , G06Q20/40145 , G06Q40/00 , G06Q40/025 , G07F7/0886 , G07F7/1008 , G07F7/1025
摘要： A proxy authentication method and apparatus is described for use in user authentication, e.g. for payment transactions.The authentication is carried out before the transaction between a electronic, e.g. digital identification device and a person terminal. Verification information is entered at the personal terminal to authenticate the user and if this is successful a verification flag is set in the digital identification device.The status of this flag, or an encrypted version thereof can be used by a transaction terminal of evidence that the user has been authenticated without having to transmit any secret identification information to the transaction terminal.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于用户认证的代理认证方法和装置，例如， 付款交易。 认证是在电子的（例如）电子交易之前进行的。 数字识别装置和人终端。 在个人终端输入验证信息以认证用户，如果成功，则在数字识别装置中设置验证标志。 该标志的状态或其加密版本可由交易终端用于用户已被认证的证据
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