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    Continuous process for ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials without mechanical agitation
    2.
    发明授权
    Continuous process for ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials without mechanical agitation 失效
    不经机械搅拌从木质纤维素材料生产乙醇的连续方法

    公开(公告)号：US5258293A

    公开(公告)日：1993-11-02

    申请号：US695516

    申请日：1991-05-03

    申请人： Lee R. Lynd ,  David A. Hogsett ,  Gisbert Spieles

    发明人： Lee R. Lynd ,  David A. Hogsett ,  Gisbert Spieles

    IPC分类号： C12P7/10 ,  C12P7/14

    CPC分类号： C12P7/14 ,  C12P7/10 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y10S435/813

    摘要： An improved and highly productive method of continuously producing ethanol from lignocellulosic substrates is provided. The method involves providing a suitable microbial system within a reaction vessel and adding fermentable substrate to the reactor to form a reaction mixture. The fermentation reaction is allowed to proceed while a quiescent state is maintained within the reactor. During the fermentation, soluble substrate is differentially retained relative to the feed slurry and reaction biocatalysts are retained and internally recycled within the system. Further, while fermenting substrate is retained within the system, it forms a stratified zone within the reactor such that the concentration of actively fermenting substrate is highest at upper portions of the reaction zone and is lowest, near zero, at a lower portion of the reaction zone. Insoluble, fully reacted substrate may be withdrawn from a region near the bottom of the reactor.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种从木质纤维素基质连续生产乙醇的改进和高效的方法。 该方法包括在反应容器内提供合适的微生物系统，并向反应器中加入可发酵底物以形成反应混合物。 允许发酵反应进行，同时在反应器内保持静止状态。 在发酵期间，可溶性底物相对于进料浆液差异保留，反应生物催化剂被保留并在系统内部再循环。 此外，当发酵底物保留在体系内时，其在反应器内形成分层区域，使得主动发酵底物的浓度在反应区的上部处最高，并且在反应的较低部分处最低，接近零 区。 可以从反应器底部附近的区域取出不溶的完全反应的底物。

    Process for the treatment of lignocellulosic biomass
    3.
    发明授权
    Process for the treatment of lignocellulosic biomass 有权
    木质纤维素生物质处理方法

    公开(公告)号：US08394611B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-03-12

    申请号：US12226763

    申请日：2007-04-30

    申请人： Bruce E. Dale ,  Lee R. Lynd ,  Mark Laser

    发明人： Bruce E. Dale ,  Lee R. Lynd ,  Mark Laser

    IPC分类号： C12P19/02 ,  C12P7/02 ,  C12P19/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C01C1/00

    CPC分类号： C12P19/02 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C13K13/002 ,  Y02E50/16

    摘要： A process for the treatment of biomass to render structural carbohydrates more accessible and/or digestible using concentrated ammonium hydroxide with or without anhydrous ammonia addition, is described. The process preferably uses steam to strip ammonia from the biomass for recycling. The process yields of monosaccharides from the structural carbohydrates are good, particularly as measured by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the structural carbohydrates. The monosaccharides are used as animal feeds and energy sources for ethanol production.

    摘要翻译： 描述了使用具有或不具有无水氨添加的浓氢氧化铵来处理生物质以使结构碳水化合物更易于和/或消化的方法。 该方法优选使用蒸汽从生物质中除去氨以进行再循环。 来自结构碳水化合物的单糖的方法产率是好的，特别是通过结构碳水化合物的酶水解测量。 单糖用作乙醇生产的动物饲料和能源。

    Method and Apparatus for Bacterial Transformation by Electroporation with Waveforms Incorporating Pulsed Rf Between 3 and 125 Mhz
    5.
    发明申请
    Method and Apparatus for Bacterial Transformation by Electroporation with Waveforms Incorporating Pulsed Rf Between 3 and 125 Mhz 审中-公开
    通过电穿孔波形融合脉冲Rf在3和125 Mhz之间进行细菌转化的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US20080280340A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-11-13

    申请号：US11579640

    申请日：2005-05-06

    申请人： Mikhail V. Tyurin ,  Lee R. Lynd ,  Charles R. Sullivan

    发明人： Mikhail V. Tyurin ,  Lee R. Lynd ,  Charles R. Sullivan

    IPC分类号： C12N13/00 ,  C12M1/00

    CPC分类号： A61N1/0412 ,  A61N1/327 ,  C12M35/02 ,  C12N13/00

    摘要： A method and apparatus for electroporation includes placing a mixture of bacterial suspension and transforming DNA into an electroporation cuvette. The resulting sample is subjected through a current-limiting device to a complex 5 waveform including a burst of high-voltage radio-frequency current, which in some embodiments is superimposed on a biphasic high-voltage DC pulse, and in other embodiments on a high-voltage lower-frequency AC burst. The total waveform has at least an initial portion greater than eleven thousand volts per centimeter of electrode spacing, and a later portion in some embodiments is reduced to less than thirty percent 10 of magnitude of the initial portion. Transformed bacteria are selected by culture in selective medium in an embodiment. The high-voltage radio-frequency current is between 3 and 125 MHz, and in an embodiment is 24 MHz.

    摘要翻译： 用于电穿孔的方法和装置包括将细菌悬浮液和转化DNA的混合物放入电穿孔试管中。 将所得样品通过限流装置经受包括高压射频电流脉冲串的复合体5波形，其在一些实施例中叠加在双相高压DC脉冲上，而在其它实施例中为高电平 电压低频交流脉冲串。 总波形具有至少一个初始部分大于每千米电极间距大于11000伏特，并且在一些实施例中，稍后的部分被减小到初始部分大小的百分之十。 在一个实施方案中，通过在选择培养基中培养来选择转化的细菌 高压射频电流在3和125MHz之间，在一个实施例中是24MHz。

    Continuous process for making ethanol
    9.
    发明授权
    Continuous process for making ethanol 失效
    连续制造乙醇的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5837506A

    公开(公告)日：1998-11-17

    申请号：US916742

    申请日：1997-08-19

    申请人： Lee R. Lynd ,  Colin R. South

    发明人： Lee R. Lynd ,  Colin R. South

    IPC分类号： C12P7/10

    CPC分类号： C12P7/10 ,  Y02E50/16

    摘要： An improved continuous process for producing ethanol from cellulosic materials employs an intermittently agitated, perpetually fed, solids retaining reactor vessel. Cellulosic substrate, catalysts and fermentation agents are introduced into a reaction vessel to form a slurry. The slurry is agitated for a first selected time interval under conditions sufficient to initiate and maintain a fermentation reaction and then allowed to settle during a second selected time interval. At the end of the second selected time interval an ethanol-containing effluent is removed from the vessel. Thereafter, additional cellulosic material, catalysts and fermentation agents are added to the reactor vessel. This operating cycle is repeated virtually perpetually to effect the ethanol production. It can be implemented using a single bioreactor or a cascade of bioreactors.

    摘要翻译： 用于从纤维素材料生产乙醇的改进的连续方法采用间歇搅动的，永久进料的固体保留反应器容器。 将纤维素底物，催化剂和发酵剂引入反应容器中以形成浆料。 在足以启动和维持发酵反应的条件下将浆料搅拌第一选定的时间间隔，然后在第二选定的时间间隔内使其沉降。 在第二选择的时间间隔结束时，从容器中除去含乙醇的流出物。 此后，将另外的纤维素材料，催化剂和发酵剂加入到反应器容器中。 这种操作周期几乎永久地重复，以实现乙醇生产。 它可以使用单个生物反应器或级联的生物反应器来实现。