摘要:
A process for the currentless metallization of electrically non-conductive substrates, includes providing a substrate which is electrically non-conductive; depositing on the substrate a positive lacquer comprising at least one polymer which is UV hardenable, at least one organo-metalllic compound, and a substance which is light-active to provide a positive lacquer coated substrate; irradiating the positive lacquer coated substrate with UV radiation to provide an irradiated coated substrate; and precipitating a metal layer onto the irradiated coated substrate by currentless metallization in a bath effective therefore.
摘要:
An electrochemical measuring sensor having a solid electrolyte, a first electrode exposed to a gas to be measured and a second electrode exposed to a reference gas, with the electrodes preferably being arranged on opposite sides of the solid electrolyte. At least one of the electrodes (16, 20) is provided with a contouring (24) on its side (22) that is exposed to the gas to be measured or to the reference gas, with the contouring being a trench-shaped groove (26) embossed into the surface of the electrode such that the electrode is pressed into the adjacent solid electrolyte in the region of the groove. According to the method, the embossing is done while the electrode and the solid electrolyte are in the non-sintered state, and the sensor is subsequently sintered.
摘要:
A spark plug with a surface discharge section for internal combustion engines comprising an insulation body having an inner cavity for receiving a mass of an electrically conductive material, and a bore extending from the inner cavity and through which extends a central electrode which is formed integral with the surface discharge surface, is made of an electrically non-conductive material, and has on an outer surface thereof in the area of the mass and the bore an electrically conductive film, and, in the area defining the surface discharge section a film having no intrinsic conductivity after sintering.
摘要:
An ion conductive sensor is connected to a current source which, in order to prevent polarization effects, controls current flow through the sensor in spaced or polarity-alternating pulses. If the sensor is a humidity sensor, it is preferably constituted by Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, V.sub.2 O.sub.5 and Na.sub.2 WO.sub.4 in a proportion, by weight, of preferably 2 to 2.5:1:1, sintered on a substrate which has comb electrodes applied thereto. The sensor is especially immune to noise or disturbance pulses from the current supply and is especially suitable for use as an ambient humidity sensor in an automotive vehicle (810).
摘要翻译:离子传导传感器连接到电流源,为了防止极化效应,控制电流以间隔或极性交替的脉冲流过传感器。 如果传感器是湿度传感器,则优选以Cr 2 O 3,V 2 O 5和Na 2 WO 4的比例重量,优选为2至2.5:1:1的比例组合,烧结在具有梳状电极的基底上。 该传感器特别适用于来自电源的噪声或扰动脉冲,并且特别适合用作机动车辆中的环境湿度传感器(810)。
摘要:
A heat radiation sensing device is provided, which comprises two receiver surfaces which are exposed to the radiation, one of which comprises a high absorption ability with respect to the heat radiation by means of a black coloring, while the other has a low absorption ability by means of a covering which reflects the heat radiation. These two receiver surfaces consist of NTC resistor material and are combined to form a bridge circuit with two cermet resistors which are independent of temperature. The four resistors are applied to a ceramic substrate and are connected with conductor path which, in turn, end in the four required connections. The ceramic substrate is fixed in a frame which carries a covering which is pervious to heat radiation to a great degree and which, in turn, carries a layer having a window over one of the two NTC resistors the layer is made of a material which reflects the heat radiation to a great degree.
摘要:
An apparatus for the injection of fuel into combustion chambers, in particular of self-igniting internal combustion engines, having an injection nozzle (10) and a subsequent glow body (20), which has a conduit (30) surrounded by heatable walls (26) and serving for the passage therethrough of the injected streams. At least one lateral opening (32) discharges into this conduit (30), the opening preferably communicating with a region (46) of the combustion chamber (36) remote from the core region of the ignition. The air aspirated through the lateral opening (32) warms up and enters into the peripheral zone of the injected streams, where the result is an air-fuel ratio and temperature conditions which are very favorable for ignition. Less heat energy is required to initiate the ignition than in the known apparatus of this general type. By eliminating the conventional glow plugs, which interrupt the movement of air in the combustion chambers, increased power is attained and the emission of soot is reduced sharply.
摘要:
In a magazine for use in an explosive powder driven bolt setting gun, a cartridge holding space for a caseless charge is formed by the combination of a cartridge recess in a band-shaped magazine body and a torus-shaped body superposed on the magazine body and forming an extension of the recess. Various configurations of the cartridge holding space and the exterior of the torus-shaped body can be used and a variety of openings can be provided through the cartridge holding space to prevent destruction of the magazine parts when the caseless charge is ignited.
摘要:
A process and a device are proposed for manufacturing sensors, particularly those intended for the determination of pressure forces. In thick-film technology, initially at least one insulating layer (14) is produced on a pressure support (10), whereupon a pressure-sensitive resistance layer (12) and finally conductor paths (13) are applied. In a pressing tool (20-22), the layer arrangement (11-14) is then compressed together with a plastic pressure substance (15). Finally, the pressure support (10) is removed from the pressed article.
摘要:
A printing paste suitable for application by an elastically deformable stamp on a substrate and method for said application. The paste comprises a powdered solid component in an organic carrier with a weight ratio of between 6:4 and 8:2. The organic carrier comprises 4-9% by weight ethyl cellulose, 74-82% alpha-terpineol, and 8-17% benzyl alcohol. The paste may also contain up to 20% by weight of polyethylene glycol. The solid component of the paste is preferably a mixture of platinum and zirconium dioxide which can be applied as an electrically conductive paste to form a conductive coating on a substrate, preferably a tubular or other substrate having a non-planar surface. The paste has a viscosity of between 6 and 8.5 pascal seconds.
摘要:
To reduce erosion of a platinum-containing electrode layer (3, 14) applied to the end face of the center insulator (1, 11) of the spark plug, a protective layer of ceramic, preferably aluminum oxide, is applied over the electrode. The aluminum oxide protective is sufficiently thin to permit arc-through or spark-through of the spark from a counter electrode (9, 19). This permits reduction of the thickness of the electrode layer to between about 5 to 15 micrometers, preferably about 8 to 10 micrometers, with a thickness of the protective layer of between 5 to 50 micrometers, preferably about 8 to 10 micrometers. Aluminum oxide is the preferred material for the center insulator, the protective layer, as well as an additive to the center electrode if it is made of a mixture of platinum and ceramic.