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    Method for determining twist potential in wood
    1.
    发明授权
    Method for determining twist potential in wood 有权
    确定木材扭转电位的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06293152B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-09-25

    申请号：US09389676

    申请日：1999-09-02

    申请人： Mark A. Stanish ,  Stan L. Floyd ,  Steven M. Cramer

    发明人： Mark A. Stanish ,  Stan L. Floyd ,  Steven M. Cramer

    IPC分类号： G01N3346

    CPC分类号： G01N29/4418 ,  G01N29/07 ,  G01N29/42 ,  G01N33/46 ,  G01N2291/011 ,  G01N2291/0238 ,  G01N2291/048 ,  Y10T83/141 ,  Y10T83/145 ,  Y10T83/527 ,  Y10T83/533

    摘要： A method for determining twist potential of wood is described. One embodiment of the method comprises nondestructively obtaining a grain angle of wood, such as trees or lumber, and then determining twist potential of the wood based on the grain angle. Where the wood comprises lumber, grain angle determinations typically are made on at least one major surface of the lumber. The method typically comprises determining grain angle at at least two measuring locations separated by a predetermined distance, such as at substantially one-foot intervals along the board. The method also can further comprise obtaining at least one fiber dive angle. Particular embodiments of the present invention determine grain angle using infrared radiation, microwave radiation, light energy (such as by using a laser), electricity, ultrasound energy, and combinations thereof. Working embodiments of the method used light energy and ultrasound energy to determine grain angle. For example, a first transmission speed of an ultrasound pulse through the board was determined along a first path and along a second path. Grain angle was then determined by comparing the first and second transmission speeds. Plural grain angles also can be determined using this ultrasound method. Twist potential can be correlated to empirically determined twist angle. The method of the present invention provides can determine twist potential that correlates with empirically determined twist potential with an R2 value of at least 0.50.

    摘要翻译： 描述了确定木材扭转电位的方法。 该方法的一个实施例包括非破坏性地获得木材（例如树木或木材）的晶粒角度，然后基于晶粒角度确定木材的扭转电位。 在木材包括木材的情况下，通常在木材的至少一个主表面上进行晶粒角度测定。 该方法通常包括在至少两个测量位置处确定分隔一预定距离的晶粒角度，例如沿板的基本上一英尺的间隔。 该方法还可以进一步包括获得至少一个纤维潜水角。 本发明的具体实施例使用红外辐射，微波辐射，光能（例如通过使用激光），电力，超声能量及其组合来确定晶粒角度。 该方法的工作实施例使用光能和超声能量来确定晶粒角度。 例如，沿着第一路径和第二路径确定通过板的超声脉冲的第一传输速度。 然后通过比较第一和第二传输速度来确定晶粒角度。 也可以使用该超声波方法来确定多个晶粒角度。 扭转电位可以与经验确定的扭转角度相关。 本发明的方法可以确定与经验确定的扭转电位相关的扭转电位，R2值至少为0.50。

    Method for determining crook potential in wood
    2.
    发明授权
    Method for determining crook potential in wood 有权
    确定木材弯曲潜力的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06308571B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-10-30

    申请号：US09388192

    申请日：1999-09-01

    申请人： Mark A. Stanish ,  Stan L. Floyd ,  Steven M. Cramer

    发明人： Mark A. Stanish ,  Stan L. Floyd ,  Steven M. Cramer

    IPC分类号： G01N2918

    CPC分类号： G01N29/4418 ,  G01N29/07 ,  G01N33/46 ,  G01N2291/011 ,  G01N2291/0238 ,  G01N2291/02827 ,  G01N2291/048 ,  Y10T83/145 ,  Y10T83/527 ,  Y10T83/533 ,  Y10T83/543

    摘要： A method for determining crook potential of wood is described. One embodiment comprises nondestructively obtaining lengthwise shrinkage rates (from a third party or by direct measurement) of wood and then determining crook potential of the wood based on the lengthwise shrinkage rates. Where the wood comprises lumber, lengthwise shrinkage rate measurements typically are made on at least one major planar surface of the lumber. The method typically comprises determining lengthwise shrinkage rates two or more measuring points separated by a predetermined distance, such as at substantially one-foot intervals along the lumber. Particular embodiments of the present invention determine lengthwise shrinkage rates using infrared radiation, microwave radiation, electricity, ultrasound energy, and combinations thereof Working embodiments of the method use ultrasound energy to determine lengthwise shrinkage rates. For example, one working embodiment measures the speed of an ultrasound pulse through wood to determine the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the wood which can then be correlated to the lengthwise shrinkage rate. In another example, lengthwise shrinkage rate can be determined from the speed of an ultrasound pulse using an empirically derived formula, such as an exponential formula. Another embodiment of the present invention comprises determining crook potential of wood based on non-averaged lengthwise shrinkage rates. Another embodiment of the present invention comprises determining crook potential is determined using a finite element model (FEM). The method the present invention provides can determine crook potential that correlates with actual measured crook with an R2 value of at least 0.5.

    摘要翻译： 描述了用于确定木材的弯曲电位的方法。 一个实施例包括非破坏性地获得木材的纵向收缩率（来自第三方或通过直接测量），然后基于纵向收缩率确定木材的弯曲电位。 在木材包括木材的情况下，纵向收缩率测量通常在木材的至少一个主平面上进行。 该方法通常包括确定纵向收缩率两个或更多个测量点彼此分开预定距离，例如沿木材基本上一英尺的间隔。 本发明的具体实施方案使用红外辐射，微波辐射，电，超声能量及其组合确定纵向收缩率。该方法的工作实施例使用超声能量来确定纵向收缩率。 例如，一个工作实施例测量通过木材的超声脉冲的速度以确定木材的弹性模量（MOE），然后可以将其与纵向收缩率相关联。 在另一个实例中，纵向收缩率可以使用经验导出的公式例如指数公式从超声脉冲的速度确定。 本发明的另一个实施例包括基于非平均纵向收缩率确定木材的弯曲电位。 本发明的另一个实施例包括使用有限元模型（FEM）来确定弯曲电位。 本发明提供的方法可以确定与实际测量的弯曲相关的弯曲电位，R2值至少为0.5。

    Method for determining warp potential in wood
    3.
    发明授权
    Method for determining warp potential in wood 有权
    确定木材翘曲电位的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06305224B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-10-23

    申请号：US09389276

    申请日：1999-09-02

    申请人： Mark A. Stanish ,  Stan L. Floyd ,  Steven M. Cramer

    发明人： Mark A. Stanish ,  Stan L. Floyd ,  Steven M. Cramer

    IPC分类号： G01N2918

    CPC分类号： G01N29/4472 ,  G01N29/07 ,  G01N29/42 ,  G01N29/4418 ,  G01N33/46 ,  G01N2291/011 ,  G01N2291/0238 ,  G01N2291/02827 ,  G01N2291/048 ,  G01N2291/265 ,  G01N2291/2698 ,  Y10T83/145 ,  Y10T83/527 ,  Y10T83/533 ,  Y10T83/541 ,  Y10T83/543

    摘要： A method for determining warp potential of wood. One embodiment comprises nondestructively obtaining lengthwise shrinkage rates and grain angles of wood—such as trees, logs, or lumber—then determining warp potential of the wood based on the lengthwise shrinkage rates and grain angles. The method typically comprises measuring plural lengthwise shrinkage rates and plural grain angles to determine warp potential. Where the wood comprises lumber, lengthwise shrinkage rate and grain angle measurements typically are made on at least one major planar surface of the lumber at at least two measuring points separated by a predetermined distance, such as at substantially one-foot intervals along the lumber. Particular embodiments of the present invention determine lengthwise shrinkage rates using electromagnetic energy, acoustic energy, and combinations thereof. Working embodiments of the method use ultrasound energy to determine lengthwise shrinkage rates and grain angles. Another embodiment of the present invention comprises providing a piece of wood having at least one major planar surface, positioning the piece of wood adjacent to a device for imparting energy through the piece of wood to determine at least one lengthwise shrinkage rate and at least one grain angle. Embodiments of the present invention are automated and can be adapted to industrial processes for commercial production of lumber or for forest management practices. Warp potential can be determined using a finite element model (FEM).

    摘要翻译： 确定木材翘曲电位的方法。 一个实施例包括非破坏性地获得木材的纵向收缩率和晶粒角度，例如树木，木材或木材，然后基于纵向收缩率和晶粒角度确定木材的翘曲电位。 该方法通常包括测量多个纵向收缩率和多个晶粒角度以确定翘曲电位。 在木材包括木材的情况下，纵向收缩率和晶粒角度测量通常在至少两个测量点处在木材的至少一个主平面上进行分隔，所述至少两个测量点以预定距离隔开，例如沿着木材基本上为一英尺的间隔。 本发明的具体实施方案使用电磁能量，声能及其组合确定纵向收缩率。 该方法的工作实施例使用超声能量来确定纵向收缩率和晶粒角度。 本发明的另一个实施例包括提供一块具有至少一个主要平面表面的木材，将该木块邻近装置定位，以通过该木片赋予能量以确定至少一个纵向收缩率和至少一个谷粒 角度。 本发明的实施例是自动化的，并且可以适用于用于商业生产木材或森林管理实践的工业过程。 翘曲电位可以使用有限元模型（FEM）来确定。

    Light with clamp that fits into a headband
    6.
    发明授权
    Light with clamp that fits into a headband 失效
    带夹子的灯适合头带

    公开(公告)号：US06575587B2

    公开(公告)日：2003-06-10

    申请号：US09915627

    申请日：2001-07-26

    申请人： Steven M. Cramer ,  Keith Skidmore ,  Kelly Merl Wright ,  Gary Israel

    发明人： Steven M. Cramer ,  Keith Skidmore ,  Kelly Merl Wright ,  Gary Israel

    IPC分类号： F21V21084

    CPC分类号： F21L14/00 ,  F21V21/084 ,  F21V21/0885 ,  F21V21/30

    摘要： A light that is mounted on a clamp. The clamp is configured to be attached to different locations on a user's body, and is sufficiently sturdy so that it can support the light in an illumination direction that is fixed relative to the user's body. The light is connected by a cord to a power supply, such as a battery pack or an AC adapter. If a battery pack is used, the battery pack may also include a mechanism, such as a clip, for attaching the battery pack to the clothing or belt of a user. A headband is provided to which the clamp may be attached. The light is pivotally attached to the clamp so the light may be pivoted to illuminate in a desired direction. In addition, the light is rotatably mounted on the clamp arm, permitting the light to illuminate in a wide variety of different angles.

    摘要翻译： 安装在夹具上的灯。 夹具被配置为附接到使用者身体上的不同位置，并且足够坚固，使得其能够以相对于使用者身体固定的照明方向支撑光。 光线通过电缆连接到电源，例如电池组或AC适配器。 如果使用电池组，则电池组还可以包括用于将电池组附接到使用者的衣服或皮带上的机构，例如夹子。 提供头带，夹具可附接到头带上。 光可枢转地附接到夹具，使得光可以枢转以沿期望的方向照亮。 此外，光可旋转地安装在夹持臂上，允许光以各种不同的角度照亮。

    Method for selecting a high affinity, low molecular weight displacer for oligonucleotide purification
    9.
    发明授权
    Method for selecting a high affinity, low molecular weight displacer for oligonucleotide purification 失效
    选择高亲和力，低分子量置换剂用于寡核苷酸纯化的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06828436B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-12-07

    申请号：US10146266

    申请日：2002-05-15

    申请人： Abhinav A. Shukla ,  Ranjit R. Deshmukh ,  Steven M. Cramer ,  James A. Moore

    发明人： Abhinav A. Shukla ,  Ranjit R. Deshmukh ,  Steven M. Cramer ,  James A. Moore

    IPC分类号： C07H2100

    CPC分类号： C12N15/101 ,  B01D15/422

    摘要： A method for purifying oligonucleotides by displacement chromatography on anion-exchange media, using high affinity, low molecular weight (less than about 10000 Da) displacers, is disclosed. Several examples of high affinity, low molecular weight anionic displacers are provided, including polycyclic aromatic compounds having sulfonic acid moieties attached thereon. The efficacy of the technique for high resolution separation of oligonucleotides is demonstrated for an industrial mixture.

    摘要翻译： 公开了使用高亲和力，低分子量（小于约10000Da）置换剂在阴离子交换介质上通过置换色谱法纯化寡核苷酸的方法。 提供了高亲和性，低分子量阴离子置换剂的几个实例，包括其上连接有磺酸基团的多环芳族化合物。 该技术用于高分辨率分离寡核苷酸的功效证明了工业混合物。