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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4914944A
公开(公告)日：1990-04-10
申请号：US574753
申请日：1984-01-26
IPC分类号： G01V11/00
CPC分类号： G01V11/00
摘要： Methods are disclosed which provide for determining in situ the characteristics of hydrocarbons including oil API gravity in a formation traversed by a borehole. The vanadium content in the formation is determined from a logging tool. The total vanadium content is then systematically separated into an oil vanadium content and a formation matrix or clay vanadium content. From the oil vanadium content and a determination of formation bulk density, porosity and oil saturation, the vanadium concentration of the oil is derived in parts per million, from which the API gravity is determined.
摘要翻译： 公开了提供在原位确定烃的特性的方法，包括在井眼穿过的地层中的油API重力。 地层中的钒含量由测井仪确定。 然后将总钒含量系统地分成油钒含量和形成基质或粘土钒含量。 从油钒含量和形成体积密度，孔隙度和油饱和度的测定来看，油的钒浓度以百万分之一得到，从其中确定了API重力。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5961714A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-05
申请号：US612343
申请日：1996-03-07
摘要： A method for producing lutetium aluminum perovskite crystals includes heat aging the crystal melt and maintaining the interface between a crystal and the melt from which it is pulled substantially flat as the crystal is grown. In a Czochralski growth method, the rate of rotation of the crystal and its diameter are typically controllable to provide the flat interface as the crystal is pulled. Crystals produced by this method exhibit less variability in scintillation behavior which allows larger crystals to be produced from a boule making them particularly suitable for spectroscopic uses. Such crystals find uses in borehole logging tools.
摘要翻译： 一种生产镥铝钙钛矿晶体的方法包括：使晶体熔融物热老化，并保持晶体与熔融物之间的界面，随着晶体的生长，晶体和被熔化物的拉伸基本平坦。 在切克劳斯基（Czochralski）生长方法中，晶体的旋转速度和直径通常是可控的，以便在晶体被拉动时提供平坦的界面。 通过该方法产生的晶体在闪烁行为中表现出较小的变异性，其允许由锭产生更大的晶体，使得它们特别适用于光谱用途。 这种晶体可用于钻孔测井工具。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4883956A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-28
申请号：US149953
申请日：1988-02-02
摘要： Improved borehold logging methods and apparatus for detecting and measuring photon and other radiation from earth formations. Such radiation may be, for example: natural; generated by a source and modified by interaction with formation constituents; produced during or immediately following interactions between neutron irradiation and formation constituents; or produced by decay of constituents rendered artificially radioactive by prior neutron activation. The radiation is detected by a scintillator and photomultiplier tube, the scintillator comprising one or more crystals containing gadolinium, for example gadolinium orthosilicate doped with cerium. Such a detector provides advantageous operating characteristics, including relatively high detection efficiency and energy resolution and the ability to operate in the borehold environment without special protection against contamination or temperature effects. Depending upon the origin of the radiation to be measured, the crystal may be surrounded with a layer of material for attenuating low-energy gamma radiation, such as lead, and/or a layer of neutron absorbing material such as boron-10. The crystal may be shaped by truncating its corners parallel to the axis of the photomultiplier tube, thereby improving the usage of space and obtaining an improvement in energy resolution.
摘要翻译： 改进的钻孔测井方法和装置，用于检测和测量地球上的光子和其他辐射。 这种辐射可以是例如：天然的; 由源产生并通过与形成成分的相互作用而修饰; 在中子辐射和形成成分之间或之后产生; 或通过先前的中子活化而人为放射性的成分的衰变产生。 通过闪烁体和光电倍增管检测辐射，该闪烁体包含一种或多种含有钆的晶体，例如掺杂有铈的原硅酸钆。 这种检测器提供了有利的操作特性，包括较高的检测效率和能量分辨率，以及在没有特殊防止污染或温度影响的情况下在钻孔环境中操作的能力。 取决于要测量的辐射的来源，晶体可以被用于衰减低能γ辐射的材料层（例如铅）和/或一层中子吸收材料例如硼-10包围。 晶体可以通过截取其平行于光电倍增管的轴线的角来成形，从而改善空间的使用并获得能量分辨率的提高。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4404467A
公开(公告)日：1983-09-13
申请号：US202454
申请日：1980-10-31
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： In the illustrative embodiments of the invention disclosed, the lithology and salinity of an earth formation traversed by a well bore are investigated by irradiating the formation with a neutron source and generating an energy spectrum of the activation gamma rays resulting therefrom. From the spectrum thus obtained, the level of the activation gamma radiation emitted by .sup.24 Na and that emitted by .sup.38 Cl are determined. The two intensity measurements are then combined, e.g., by forming a cross-plot or ratio thereof, to provide an indication of the lithology and salinity of the earth formation.
摘要翻译： 在所公开的本发明的说明性实施例中，通过用中子源照射地层并产生由其产生的激活γ射线的能谱来研究由井眼穿过的地层的岩性和盐度。 从这样获得的光谱中，确定由24Na发射的激发γ辐射和由38Cl发射的激发γ辐射的水平。 然后，例如通过形成交叉图或其比例来组合两个强度测量值，以提供地层的岩性和盐度的指示。
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公开(公告)号：US4085798A
公开(公告)日：1978-04-25
申请号：US750846
申请日：1976-12-15
CPC分类号： E21B47/1015 , E21B43/16 , E21B47/00
摘要： A method of determining the flood front profile created during the production flooding of an oil-bearing formation utilizes cased observation boreholes located between the injection wells and the producing wells. The time and depth of arrival of the flood front at an observation borehole are detected by gamma ray spectroscopy examination of the formation. Tracer elements having characteristic gamma ray emission energies are employed to facilitate detection of the flood front and its direction of travel. The tracer elements may be naturally radioactive substances or they may be normally stable elements which are rendered radioactive by neutronbombardment. Elements having interfering spectral lines may be separated on the basis of half-life measurements, selective detection periods or the response of the elements to different energy neutrons. By repeating the detection process at different depths and times, the profile of the flood front as it approaches the producing wells may be developed. This information may be used to control the flooding operating to prevent or localize premature breakthrough to the producing wells.
摘要翻译： 确定在含油地层的生产淹没期间产生的洪水前缘剖面的方法利用位于注入井和生产井之间的套管观察钻孔。 通过对地层的伽马射线光谱检测，可以检测洪水前沿在观测井眼的时间和深度。 采用具有特征伽马射线能量的示踪元件，便于检测洪水前沿及其行进方向。 示踪元件可以是天然放射性物质，或者它们可以是通过中子轰击而放射性的通常稳定的元素。 具有干扰光谱线的元件可以基于半衰期测量，选择性检测周期或元件对不同能量中子的响应来分离。 通过重复不同深度和时间的检测过程，可以开发洪水前沿接近生产井的轮廓。 该信息可用于控制淹水操作以防止或定位到生产井的过早突破。
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公开(公告)号：US5896429A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-20
申请号：US929641
申请日：1997-09-15
CPC分类号： G01B21/02 , G01B15/02 , G01N23/10 , G01N23/20066
摘要： A method and apparatus is disclosed for inspecting a wall to evaluate the remaining thickness of the wall as well as the extent to which the wall has been infiltrated by another material. The disclosure discusses directing photons of radiation and/or neutrons into the wall and measuring and analyzing the radiation emitted from the wall as a result of Compton scattering, pair production, photoelectric absorption and/or neutron absorption. The invention is particularly well suited for inspecting a carbon hearth-wall liner of an iron-smelting blast furnace.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于检查墙壁以评估壁的剩余厚度以及壁被另一种材料渗透的程度的方法和装置。 本公开讨论了将辐射和/或中子的光子引导到壁中并且测量和分析由于Compton散射，成对生产，光电吸收和/或中子吸收而从壁发射的辐射。 本发明特别适用于检查铁冶炼高炉的碳底壁衬套。
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公开(公告)号：US5264154A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-23
申请号：US31051
申请日：1993-03-11
申请人： Seikichi Akiyama , Hiroyuki Ishibashi , Takeshi Utsu , Charles L. Melcher , Jeffrey S. Schweitzer
发明人： Seikichi Akiyama , Hiroyuki Ishibashi , Takeshi Utsu , Charles L. Melcher , Jeffrey S. Schweitzer
CPC分类号： G01T1/202 , C09K11/7774
摘要： A single crystal scintillator and apparatus for prospecting underground strata using the scintillator is described. The single crystal scintillator is a cerium doped gadolinium silicate compound of the formula:Gd.sub.2-(x+y) Ln.sub.x Ce.sub.y SiO.sub.5wherein Ln is Sc, Tb, Lu, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, or Yb; 0.03.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.9; and 0.001.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.2.
摘要翻译： 描述了使用闪烁体探测地下地层的单晶闪烁体和装置。 单晶闪烁体是下式的掺铈钆硅酸盐化合物：Gd2-（x + y）LnxCeySiO5其中Ln是Sc，Tb，Lu，Dy，Ho，Er，Tm或Yb; 0.03
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8.发明授权Logging apparatus and method for determining absolute elemental concentrations of subsurface formations 失效用于确定地下地层绝对元素浓度的测井装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US4810876A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-07
申请号：US905371
申请日：1986-09-05
申请人： Peter D. Wraight , Russel C. Hertzog , Darwin V. Ellis , Hubert D. Scott , Jeffrey S. Schweitzer , James A. Grau
发明人： Peter D. Wraight , Russel C. Hertzog , Darwin V. Ellis , Hubert D. Scott , Jeffrey S. Schweitzer , James A. Grau
CPC分类号： G01V5/10
摘要： Logging apparatus and methods for detecting first signals indicative of the absolute concentrations of the first category of elements in the rock matrix, for irradiating the formation with a pulse of high energy neutrons and for detecting a second signal indicative of the relative concentrations of a second category of elements in a rock matrix. The absolute and relative concentrations of a plurality of elements are determined, and this information is used to transform at least one of the relative concentrations into an absolute concentration. One of the measured absolute concentrations is for aluminum, from which correlations are used to determine the absolute concentrations of other, non-measured elements. A tool system for measuring the absolute aluminum concentration includes a californium-252 source and a gamma ray detector having a plurality of windows from which the aluminum count rate can be compensated for interference by manganese activation. A further correction to the aluminum count rate has a functional dependence on the neutron slowing down length in the formation, the formation macroscopic cross section, the borehole microscopic cross section, the bulk density of the formation, and the borehole diameter. When used in conjunction with a density tool sensitve to the effects of photoelectric absorption of gamma rays in the formation, the techniques of the invention allow the magnesium concentration to be determined.
摘要翻译： 用于检测指示岩石基质中第一类元素的绝对浓度的第一信号的测井装置和方法，用于用高能中子的脉冲照射地层，并用于检测指示第二类别的相对浓度的第二信号 的岩石矩阵中的元素。 确定多个元素的绝对和相对浓度，并且使用该信息将至少一个相对浓度转化为绝对浓度。 测量的绝对浓度之一是铝，其中使用相关性来确定其他未测量元素的绝对浓度。 用于测量绝对铝浓度的工具系统包括ium-252源和具有多个窗口的伽马射线检测器，从其可以通过锰活化来补偿铝计数率的干扰。 对铝计数率的进一步校正对于地层中的中子减慢长度，地层宏观横截面，井眼微观截面，地层的堆积密度和井眼直径具有功能依赖性。 当与对地层中的γ射线的光电吸收的影响敏感的密度工具结合使用时，本发明的技术允许确定镁浓度。
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公开(公告)号：US5660627A
公开(公告)日：1997-08-26
申请号：US330051
申请日：1994-10-27
摘要： A method for producing lutetium oxyorthosilicate crystals includes maintaining the interface between a crystal and the melt from which it is pulled substantially flat as the crystal is grown. In a Czochralski growth method, the rate of rotation of the crystal and its diameter are typically controllable to provide the flat interface as the crystal is pulled. Crystals produced by this method exhibit less variability in scintillation behavior so making them particularly suitable for spectroscopic uses. Such crystals find uses in borehole logging tools.
摘要翻译： 一种用于生产镥氧基原硅酸盐晶体的方法包括保持晶体与熔融物之间的界面，当晶体生长时，熔融物被拉大体平坦。 在切克劳斯基（Czochralski）生长方法中，晶体的旋转速度和直径通常是可控的，以便在晶体被拉动时提供平坦的界面。 通过该方法产生的晶体在闪烁行为中表现出较小的变异性，使得它们特别适用于光谱用途。 这种晶体可用于钻孔测井工具。
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公开(公告)号：US5543617A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-06
申请号：US266077
申请日：1994-06-27
CPC分类号： E21B47/1015 , G01F1/708
摘要： A method of measuring flow velocities in flowing fluids includes injecting into the flow a non-radioactive tracer having a neutron capture cross section higher than that of the flowing fluids, for example a gadolinium compound, and measuring the neutron capture cross section in the fluid downstream of the injection point to detect the passage of the tracer and hence determine the time of flight. By making the tracer miscible with only one phase (typically the continuous phase) of a multi-phase fluid, it is possible to measure the flow velocity of that phase. The neutron capture cross section can be measured by irradiating with neutrons from a pulsed neutron generator and measuring capture .gamma. rays with a scintillation detector.
摘要翻译： 测量流动流体中的流速的方法包括向流中注入具有高于流动流体例如钆化合物的中子捕获截面的非放射性示踪剂，并测量下游流体中的中子俘获截面 的注射点，以检测示踪物的通过，从而确定飞行时间。 通过使示踪剂仅与多相流体的一相（通常为连续相）混溶，可以测量该相的流速。 中子捕获截面可以通过用来自脉冲中子发生器的中子照射并用闪烁检测器测量捕获γ射线来测量。
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