摘要:
In a method for operating an internal combustion engine comprising at least one a cylinder with a combustion chamber, wherein by means of at least one detection device assigned to the combustion chamber a first value characterizing the pressure in the combustion chamber is detected, wherein on the basis of the first value at least a second value characterizing a progression of the energy released during a combustion in the combustion chamber is determined, on the basis of the second value at least a third value is determined, by means of which the progression of the combustion is subdivided into at least two sub-curves and one of the sub-curves is assigned to a normal combustion for operation of the internal combustion engine and the other of the sub-curves is assigned to a special combustion differing from the normal combustion.
摘要:
A solenoid valve with pressure limitation for motor vehicle brake systems with slip control. The solenoid valve has a seat valve with the valve seat, valve element and restoring spring, which holds the seat valve in an open position. The valve element is fastened on a valve tappet, which is axially displaceable in a valve housing and is transferred into a seat-valve-closed position by an electromagnet when the electromagnet is supplied with current. In the valve-closed position, there acts a pressure-limiting spring, which fixes the valve-opening pressure of the seat valve. To achieve a structurally simple valve design with the advantage of simple and accurate setting and adjustment and also of simplified forward assembly of the solenoid valve, the valve tappet is subdivided into first and second tappet elements which are coaxial to each other and relatively displaceable, of which the first tappet element bears the valve element and the second tappet element can be driven by the electromagnet. The pressure-limiting spring is supported between the first and second tappet elements.
摘要:
A continuous process for the manufacture of impact resistant polymers is disclosed. The process comprise polymerization of a reaction mixture containing vinylaromatic monomers in the presence of soluble rubber and entails shearing at least some of said mixture at a rate of more than 30000 1/s using a device having no rotating parts. The resulting product is characterized in its low gloss and improved impact properties.
摘要:
A coiling device (1) for coiling or uncoiling a strip (2), has at least one coiler (5), an optional drive roll (7) associated with the coiler (5), and a control device (10) for the coiler (5) and the optional drive roll (7). The control device (10) operates the coiling device (1) in such a way that a current strip temperature and/or a current microstructure property of the strip is/are determined by taking measurements or calculating a model, the control device (10) determines a current desired torque value (MH,MR) from the actual value or a variable derived therefrom, and the control device (10) operates the coiler (5) and the optional drive roll (7) by the current desired torque value (MH,MR). The coiling device (1) has the advantage of improving the coiling quality as well as the strip quality in terms of the strip thickness and width.
摘要:
A method for reducing the strip tension of a rolling stock, may include: transporting the rolling stock using a roller table between two successive rolling units, wherein a rolling stock loop is formed in a depression in a section of the roller table between the two rolling units, the rolling stock loop being supported by the roller table at least in one off-center portion of the section, wherein the supporting line of the roller table in this portion corresponds to the catenary curve of the free span; measuring a loop depth of the rolling stock loop; calculating a desired value of the loop depth that corresponds substantially to the free span, e.g., depending on the material, thickness and temperature of the rolling stock; controlling the main drives and/or the gap adjustment of the rolling units based on the desired value and the measured loop depth, such that the loop depth substantially corresponds to the desired value.
摘要:
Urinary and intestinal tract excrement, such as from a stoma patient, is thickened by admixture with a cross-linked water-swellable polymer, preferably including (meth)acrylic acid, nitrile and/or amide units. A hydrophilic adsorption agent such as silicic acid may also be included along with perfume materials, binders and/or enzyme inhibitors. By thickening, it prevents sloshing of the contents, reduces odors and facilitates ultimate disposal.
摘要:
A system, such as a PC, incorporating a dedicated physics processing unit adapted to generate physics data for use within a physics simulation or game animation. The hardware-based physics processing unit is characterized by a unique architecture designed to efficiently calculate physics data, including multiple, parallel floating point operations.
摘要:
A multi-channel packet switching apparatus having traffic flow controlling and checking functions which is capable of simply controlling the system and having a simpler construction by concurrently performing a cell copy function and a cell routing function for providing a multi-casting function. The apparatus includes a synchronizing unit for synchronizing the cells recirculated through the recirculation link with the cells newly inputted into the routing unit based on time and providing to the routing unit, a reverse direction flow control requesting unit for counting the number of cells which are recirculated at every cell time and requesting a reverse direction flow control to a traffic providing source when the thusly counted number exceeds a threshold value, a reverse direction buffering control unit for restricting a cell output to the output port through which a request signal is outputted when a reverse direction flow control request signal is received from the traffic receiving source until the request signal is released, an error cell removing unit for removing an error cell based on the routing tag error among the cells from the bypass link by the routing unit within a predetermined time, and a cell loss counting unit for counting the cell loss which are not recirculated by the recirculation path setting unit by the input port.
摘要:
Layers containing silicon and oxygen are formed by means of low pressure chemical vapor deposition. As a source for silicon and oxygen, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) is used which is drawn into the low pressure area of the deposition apparatus in liquid form and evaporated there. If necessary, oxygen is introduced into the low pressure area. The reactants are directed into the reaction zone which has been heated to a predetermined temperature, and reacted there. The reaction product is deposited onto the substrates provided therein. If the deposited layer is to comprise still further elements, liquid substances containing such elements are mixed with the liquid TEOS prior to being drawn into the evaporating area, in a ratio adapted to the desired layer composition. Both with respect to layer thickness and composition the layers deposited are highly homogeneous.