摘要:
In a copying machine comprising a photosensitive drum having an amorphous silicon type photoconductive layer, if an image of an original is focussed on the photoconductive layer with a light having a wavelength shorter than 600 nm, the light fatigue of the amorphous silicon photoconductive layer is prevented, and the image memory phenomenon owing to the light fatigue is effectively obviated.
摘要:
In an electrophotographic developing method using a magnetic brush consisting of a mixture of magnetic carrier and an electroscopic toner, development is carried out at a toner concentration (Ct. %) in the mixture, which satisfies the requirement represented by the following formula: ##EQU1## wherein Sc stands for the specific surface area (cm.sup.2 /g) of the carrier, St stands for the specific surface area (cm.sup.2 /g) of the toner, and k is a number of from 0.90 to 1.14.A toner image having a high quality can be obtained according to this method.
摘要:
Disclosed is an electrophotographic apparatus comprising a photosensitive drum comprising an amorphous silicon type photoconductor layer formed on an electroconductive substrate, a main charging mechanism for charging the surface of the drum with charges having a predetermined polarity, an imagewise exposure mechanism for forming an electrostatic image corresponding to an image of an original on the surface of the drum, a toner development mechanism for forming a toner image corresponding to the electrostatic image, a toner image transfer mechanism for transferring the toner image formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum to a predetermined paper sheet, a toner cleaning mechanism for removing the residual toner adhering to the surface of the photosensitive drum and a fixing mechanism for fixing the transferred toner image to said paper sheet, wherein a heating mechanism is arranged to heat the surface of the photosensitive drum at a temperature of 30.degree. to 40.degree. C.The problem of the flow of an image inherent to the use of an amorphous silicon type photoconductive layer is effectively solved if this electrophotographic apparatus is employed.
摘要:
A two-component electrophotographic developer for use in developing a latent electrostatic image of a low potential. The developer is composed of a mixture of a magnetic carrier of spherical sintered ferrite particles having raised and depressed portions attributed to the primary particles on their surface, a median size of from 30 to 50 micrometers, an apparent density of less than 2.6 g/cc and an electric resistance, measured in the form of a magnetic brush, of from 6.times.10.sup.4 to 2.5.times.10.sup.6 ohms and chargeable toner particles having a volume inherent resistivity of at least 1.times.10.sup.13 ohms-cm and a specific inductive capacity of from 4 to 6. In a preferred embodiment, the chargeable toner particles have a median size of from 10 to 14 micrometers and are substantially free from particles having a particle diameter of not more than 5 micrometers. The developer can give an image of a high density, a high resolution and excellent gradation without brush marks.
摘要:
A laser welding method includes emitting two laser beams along a weld line from an upper surface side of a workpiece, the two laser beams being transmitted through different optical fibers and having in-focus spot diameters of 0.3 mm or larger; emitting the laser beams such that a leading laser beam of the two laser beams and a trailing laser beam of the two laser beams are each inclined toward a direction in which welding proceeds at an incident angle with respect to a direction perpendicular to an upper surface of the workpiece, the leading laser beam being ahead of the trailing laser beam on the upper surface of the workpiece in the direction in which welding proceeds, the trailing laser beam being behind the leading laser beam; and setting the incident angle of the leading laser beam to be larger than the incident angle of the trailing laser beam.
摘要:
This disclosure provides a radome to be installed on an emission face side of an antenna, which includes an outer wall having a side cross-section formed in a substantially semi-circular shape to include the antenna therein, and an inner wall arranged between the outer wall and the antenna, and formed in a shape to substantially conform to the outer wall. A gap between the outer wall and the inner wall is wider near both ends on the circumference of the substantially semi-circular shape than at a substantially midpoint on the circumference of the substantially semi-circular shape.
摘要:
This disclosure provides a radome to be installed on an emission face side of an antenna, which includes an outer wall having a side cross-section formed in a substantially semi-circular shape to include the antenna therein, and an inner wall arranged between the outer wall and the antenna, and formed in a shape to substantially conform to the outer wall. A gap between the outer wall and the inner wall is wider near both ends on the circumference of the substantially semi-circular shape than at a substantially midpoint on the circumference of the substantially semi-circular shape.
摘要:
The disclosure provides an antenna device, which includes a waveguide antenna having wall surfaces and for emitting a radio wave in a direction substantially perpendicular to an emission face that is one of wall surfaces of the waveguide antenna extending in an elongated direction of the waveguide antenna, a plate-shape two-dimensional opening slots for beam formation formed in the waveguide antenna on the emission face side, a power feed waveguide module arranged in the rear face of the waveguide antenna opposite from the emission face and for supplying electric power to the waveguide antenna, and a cylindrical radome having a substantially circular cross-section of a diameter that is substantially equal to a length of the emission face in a direction perpendicular to the long-side direction so that the waveguide antenna is contained in the radome so as to be arranged at substantially the center of the radome.
摘要:
In a state of a first semiconductor integrated circuit device on which a first semiconductor integrated circuit board including a first mask ROM and a programmable ROM are mounted, an ultimate program determined by using the programmable ROM is stored in a second ROM of a second semiconductor integrated circuit board which is substantially similar in structure to the first semiconductor integrated circuit board, thereby manufacturing a second semiconductor integrated circuit device as an ultimate product.
摘要:
Provided an industrially excellent method of producing a phenol novolak resin having an ortho ratio of 30% or more by: (1) a method of reacting a phenol and an aldehyde using an oxalic acid catalyst at 110 to 160° C. under pressure; or (2) a method of reacting a phenol and an aldehyde under pressure while removing the heat of reaction by a condenser with controlling a pressure so that water or an organic solvent present in the reaction system is refluxed.