Abstract:
An optical system has at least two optical elements whose spatial relation with respect to each other can be changed. At least one of the optical elements comprises a plurality of optical components. The optical system comprises first measuring means for individually measuring an image defect of each optical component, and first computing means for computing first target positions for the plurality of optical components such that an overall image defect of the at least one of the optical elements is below a predetermined threshold value. Second measuring means are provided for measuring an overall image defect of the optical system, and second computing means represent the measured overall image defect as a linear combination of base functions of an orthogonal function set. The second computing means calculate second target position for the at least two optical elements so as to reduce the overall image defect.
Abstract:
An optical system has at least two optical elements whose spatial relation with respect to each other can be changed. At least one of the optical elements comprises a plurality of optical components. The optical system comprises first measuring means for individually measuring an image defect of each optical component, and first computing means for computing first target positions for the plurality of optical components such that an overall image defect of the at least one of the optical elements is below a predetermined threshold value. Second measuring means are provided for measuring an overall image defect of the optical system, and second computing means represent the measured overall image defect as a linear combination of base functions of an orthogonal function set. The second computing means calculate second target position for the at least two optical elements so as to reduce the overall image defect.
Abstract:
An optical system has at least two optical elements whose spatial relation with respect to each other can be changed. At least one of the optical elements comprises a plurality of optical components. The optical system comprises first measuring means for individually measuring an image defect of each optical component, and first computing means for computing first target positions for the plurality of optical components such that an overall image defect of the at least one of the optical elements is below a predetermined threshold value. Second measuring means are provided for measuring an overall image defect of the optical system, and second computing means represent the measured overall image defect as a linear combination of base functions of an orthogonal function set. The second computing means calculate second target position for the at least two optical elements so as to reduce the overall image defect.
Abstract:
A radiation source comprises a nozzle configured to direct a stream of fuel droplets (400) along a trajectory towards a plasma formation location and a laser configured to direct laser radiation to the plasma formation location to convert the fuel droplets at the plasma formation location into a plasma. The laser comprises an amplifier (310, 320) and an optical element (500) configured to define a divergent beam path for radiation passing through the amplifier.
Abstract:
A neck block of a molding tool for the production of a hollow body preform by means of injection molding, wherein the neck block has a main body with a shaping surface which is adapted to the external contour of a neck portion of the hollow body preform to be produced and is provided to come into contact in the injection molding operation with the neck portion of the hollow body preform, wherein furthermore there is provided at least one cooling passage for a cooling fluid which at least portion-wise extends substantially parallel to the shaping surface. The neck block is further provided with an inlet and an outlet and an inlet passage and an outlet passage which connect the inlet and the outlet respectively to the cooling passage. The cooling passage is arranged closer to the shaping surface than the inlet and the outlet. The cooling passage has at least one portion which extends substantially parallel to the shaping surface and which extends within the main body so that the walls thereof are formed by the main body, and a connecting portion which adjoins said portion and the walls of which are formed in part by the main body and in part by a closure element fitted onto the main body.
Abstract:
A neck block of a moulding tool for the production of a hollow body preform by means of injection moulding, wherein the neck block has a main body with a shaping surface which is adapted to the external contour of a neck portion of the hollow body preform to be produced and is provided to come into contact in the injection moulding operation with the neck portion of the hollow body preform, wherein furthermore there is provided at least one cooling passage for a cooling fluid which at least portion-wise extends substantially parallel to the shaping surface. The neck block is further provided with an inlet and an outlet and an inlet passage and an outlet passage which connect the inlet and the outlet respectively to the cooling passage. The cooling passage is arranged closer to the shaping surface than the inlet and the outlet. The cooling passage has at least one portion which extends substantially parallel to the shaping surface and which extends within the main body so that the walls thereof are formed by the main body, and a connecting portion which adjoins said portion and the walls of which are formed in part by the main body and in part by a closure element fitted onto the main body.
Abstract:
The invention is related to gel preparations capable of absorbing as well as releasing liquid, and the use of such gel preparations in the treatment of wounds.
Abstract:
An optical arrangement with a light source includes an optical element that is fastened in a mount. The light source emits radiation and the optical element is acted on thereby such that the heat that results lacks symmetry corresponding to the shape of the optical element. A connecting structure is provided between the optical element and the mount and has a symmetry that does not correspond to the shape of the optical element and effects an at least partial homogenization of the temperature distribution in the optical element.
Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus uses polarized light to improve the imaging properties such as exposure latitude, while maintaining and extending the lifetime of an illumination system in a lithographic apparatus.
Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus uses polarized light to improve the imaging properties, such as exposure latitude, while maintaining and extending the lifetime of an illumination system in the lithographic apparatus.