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公开(公告)号：US4856480A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-15
申请号：US262049
申请日：1988-10-24
IPC分类号： F02P5/152
CPC分类号： F02P5/1521 , Y02T10/46
摘要： An apparatus for controlling ignition timing in an internal combustion engine determines the amount of adjustment of ignition timing for preventing knocking with reference to the engine operating state. The amount of adjustment of the ignition timing carried out upon the detection of knocking is varied depending on the engine speed. Specifically, it is made large in the low speed region where the interval between successive firings is relatively long, thus increasing the speed with which knocking can be prevented and enhancing the protection of the engine from damage in this operating region. Also, rapid acceleration and other transient engine operating states are detected and a transient state adjustment is calculated separately of the adjustment amount for knocking prevention. The transient state adjustment is added to the knocking prevention adjustment and the result is used for retarding the ignition timing, whereby knocking can be effectively prevented during rapid acceleration. Further, after knocking has been prevented, the ignition timing is advanced with consideration given to reference knocking occurrence frequencies set independently for different engine operating conditions. Thus, the knocking occurrence frequency can be maintained at a fixed level irrespective of the engine operating condition, whereby the engine output can be optimized.
摘要翻译： 用于控制内燃机中的点火正时的装置确定参照发动机运行状态来防止爆震的点火正时的调节量。 在检测到爆震时进行的点火正时调整量根据发动机转速而变化。 具体地说，在连续起动之间的间隔相对较长的低速区域中变得较大，从而增加了可以防止爆震的速度，并且增强了在该操作区域中发动机的损坏的保护。 此外，检测到快速加速和其他瞬态发动机操作状态，并且分别计算用于防止爆震的调节量的瞬态状态调整。 临时状态调整被添加到防止爆震调节中，结果用于延迟点火正时，从而可以在快速加速期间有效地防止爆震。 此外，在防止了爆震之后，考虑到针对不同的发动机运行条件独立设定的参考爆震发生频率，提高了点火正时。 因此，与发动机工作状态无关地，可以将爆震发生频率维持在固定水平，由此能够优化发动机输出。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4790281A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-13
申请号：US74733
申请日：1987-07-17
CPC分类号： F02P5/1523 , F02P5/1521 , Y02T10/46
摘要： A method of and an apparatus for controlling ignition timing in an internal combustion engine, which determines the ignition timing on the basis of the engine speed and load state, discriminates whether or not knocking has occurred on the basis of the output of a knocking detection circuit, retards the so-determined ignition timing by a predetermined amount when knocking occurs, and advances the ignition timing by a predetermined amount after knocking has been avoided. The maximum amount of retardation and advancement carried out upon occurrence of knocking is varied depending on one or more engine operating conditions, enabling the ignition timing to be controlled to near MBT and the engine output to be the maximum possible. The said engine operating condition or conditions include an engine speed in the case of compensation in the direction of ignition retardation and include an engine speed and a load state in the case of compensation in the direction of ignition advance.
摘要翻译： 用于根据发动机转速和负载状态来确定点火正时的用于控制内燃机中的点火正时的方法和装置，基于爆震检测电路的输出来判断是否发生了爆震 在发生爆震时将所确定的点火正时延迟预定量，并且避免了在爆震之后将点火正时推进预定量。 发生爆震时进行的延迟和前进的最大量根据一个或多个发动机运转条件而变化，使点火正时被控制在接近MBT且发动机输出为最大可能。 所述发动机工作条件或条件包括在点火延迟方向上补偿的情况下的发动机转速，并且在点火提前方向补偿的情况下包括发动机转速和负载状态。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4796586A
公开(公告)日：1989-01-10
申请号：US74606
申请日：1987-07-17
申请人： Akira Tanaka , Akira Nagao , Yukihiko Suzaki , Hideji Yamada , Toyohei Nakajima , Toshiyuki Mieno
发明人： Akira Tanaka , Akira Nagao , Yukihiko Suzaki , Hideji Yamada , Toyohei Nakajima , Toshiyuki Mieno
CPC分类号： F02P5/1521 , Y02T10/46
摘要： A method of and an apparatus for controlling ignition timing in an internal combustion engine. When the ignition timing has been retarded for preventing knocking and the engine operation thereafter moves into a region of operation where knocking control is unnecessary with the retardation of the ignition timing still in effect, the ignition timing is slightly advanced once per predetermined number of firings. Since the ignition timing is gradually restored, engine output hunting is prevented. The advancement of the ignition timing is determined whether or not a prescribed wait period has passed. The period varies depending on an engine speed.
摘要翻译： 一种用于控制内燃机中的点火正时的方法和装置。 当点火正时被阻止以防止爆震，并且发动机操作之后移动到仍然有效的点火正时延迟的不需要进行爆震控制的操作区域中时，点火正时在预定数量的点火时稍微提高一次。 由于点火正时逐渐恢复，因此防止发动机输出振动。 确定点火正时的提前是否已经过了规定的等待时间。 该期间根据发动机转速而变化。
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公开(公告)号：US4841935A
公开(公告)日：1989-06-27
申请号：US111743
申请日：1987-10-23
申请人： Hideji Yamada , Akira Nagao , Toyohei Nakajima , Yukihiko Suzaki , Masao Jogen , Akira Tanaka
发明人： Hideji Yamada , Akira Nagao , Toyohei Nakajima , Yukihiko Suzaki , Masao Jogen , Akira Tanaka
CPC分类号： F02D41/0002 , F02B27/0215 , F02B27/0294 , F02M35/1038 , F02P5/152 , F02B27/0263 , Y02T10/146 , Y02T10/42 , Y02T10/46
摘要： A variable air induction control system for an internal combustion engine. The engine intake passage is divided into a long and small diameter main passage and a short and large diameter auxiliary passage. The auxiliary passage is provided with a valve which is opened and closed to adjust the air flow rate. The system is arranged such that, in accordance with the cylinder pressure, the intake air passes through the main intake passage during low speed engine operation and through both the main and auxiliary passages during high speed engine operation, whereby the air induction efficiency (charging efficiency) is enhanced and the engine output increased. As knocking is more likely to occur when the air induction efficiency is high, the opening/closing of the valve is controlled depending on whether or not knocking occurs. Moreover, it may be arranged such that when knocking does occur, it is first coped with by retarding the ignition and if knocking cannot be eliminated in this way, the air intake is adjusted.
摘要翻译： 一种用于内燃机的可变空气感应控制系统。 发动机进气通道分为长，小直径的主通道和短径和大直径的辅助通道。 辅助通道具有打开和关闭的阀，以调节空气流速。 该系统配置为：在高速发动机运转时，根据气缸压力，进气在低速发动机运转中通过主进气通道，并且在高速发动机运转期间通过主通道和辅助通道，由此空气感应效率（充电效率 ）增强，发动机输出增加。 当空气感应效率高时，更可能发生爆震，根据是否发生爆震来控制阀的打开/关闭。 此外，也可以配置为在发生爆震时首先通过延迟点火进行处理，如果不能以这种方式消除爆震，则调节进气口。
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5.发明授权Apparatus for controlling boost pressure in turbocharged internal combustion engines 失效用于控制涡轮增压内燃机中增压的装置
公开(公告)号：US4788822A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-06
申请号：US74604
申请日：1987-07-17
申请人： Toshiyuki Mieno , Toyohei Nakajima , Akira Tanaka , Akira Nagao
发明人： Toshiyuki Mieno , Toyohei Nakajima , Akira Tanaka , Akira Nagao
CPC分类号： F02B37/18 , Y02T10/144
摘要： A method of and an apparatus for controlling boost pressure in a turbocharged internal combustion engine. A turbine disposed in the engine exhaust passage is driven by exhaust gas and in turn drives a compressor disposed in the engine air intake passage, thus boosts the engine combustion chamber by delivering pressurized air thereto. The boost pressure is reduced when the actual ignition timing becomes more retarded than a reference ignition timing. The reference ignition timing is varied in proportion to an engine speed and/or an intake air pressure. Since the decision whether or not to reduce the boost pressure is based on the ignition timing actually being applied to the engine, no risk of damage to the engine arises and unnecessary reduction of engine output can be reliably prevented, enabling the engine to operate with optimum performance.
摘要翻译： 一种用于控制涡轮增压内燃机中的增压压力的方法和装置。 设置在发动机排气通道中的涡轮机被排气驱动，并且驱动设置在发动机进气通道中的压缩机，从而通过向其发送加压空气来增压发动机燃烧室。 当实际点火正时比参考点火正时延迟时，增压压力降低。 参考点火正时与发动机转速和/或进气压力成比例地变化。 由于是否降低增压压力的决定是基于实际施加到发动机的点火正时，不会发生损坏发动机的风险，并且可以可靠地防止发动机输出的不必要的降低，使得发动机能够以最佳 性能。
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6.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20220326632A1
公开(公告)日：2022-10-13
申请号：US17657471
申请日：2022-03-31
摘要： [Object] An object of the invention is to provide a toner that can both achieve a higher level of low temperature fixability and suppression of the toner scattering.
[Means of Achieving the Object]
The disclosure is to provide a toner, including base-particles, and an external-additive, wherein a glass-transition temperature obtained from a DSC-curve at a second-warming of a THF-insoluble component is −50° C. or higher and 10° C. or lower, wherein an average circularity of the toner is 0.975 or more and 0.985 or lower, wherein the toner satisfies the following formula: 1.5≤Bt−0.025−Ct≤3.0, wherein the Bt [m2/g] is a BET-specific-surface area of the toner-particles, and the Ct [%] is a coverage by the external-additive, and, at least a portion of a surface of the external-additive is coated with either an oxide of a metallic element, a hydroxide of the metallic element, or both.-
公开(公告)号：US10303072B2
公开(公告)日：2019-05-28
申请号：US15889461
申请日：2018-02-06
申请人： Akira Tanaka , Hiroyuki Takeda , Junichi Awamura , Hiroshi Yamada , Daichi Hisakuni , Yasuo Kamada
发明人： Akira Tanaka , Hiroyuki Takeda , Junichi Awamura , Hiroshi Yamada , Daichi Hisakuni , Yasuo Kamada
IPC分类号： G03G9/087 , C08G63/42 , C08G63/20 , G03G15/00 , C08G63/195 , C08G63/16 , C08G63/66 , C08G18/75 , C08G18/42
摘要： A toner is provided. The toner contains a polyester resin. The toner has a glass transition temperature (Tg1st) at first temperature rising of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of from 45° C. to 65° C. The toner includes a component insoluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF) having two glass transition temperatures (Tga1st and Tgb1st) at the first temperature rising of DSC, where Tga1st is in a range of −45° C. to 5° C. and Tgb1st is in a range of 45° C. to 70° C. The toner includes a component soluble in THF having a glass transition temperature (Tg2nd) at second temperature rising of DSC of from 40° C. to 65° C.
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公开(公告)号：US08686398B2
公开(公告)日：2014-04-01
申请号：US13599852
申请日：2012-08-30
申请人： Akira Tanaka , Yoko Motojima
发明人： Akira Tanaka , Yoko Motojima
IPC分类号： H01L29/06
CPC分类号： H01L33/06 , H01L33/0079 , H01L33/22 , H01L33/32 , H01L33/38 , H01L33/382 , H01L33/387 , H01L33/405 , H01L33/42 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/00
摘要： A semiconductor light emitting device includes a first conductivity-type first semiconductor layer, a second conductivity-type second semiconductor layer, a semiconductor light emitting layer, and first and second electrodes. The semiconductor light emitting layer is provided between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, and includes a multiple quantum well structure. The quantum well structure includes well layers and barrier layers each laminated alternately, each of the well layers being not less than 6 nm and not more than 10 nm. The first and second electrodes are electrically connected to the first and second semiconductor layers such that current flows in a direction substantially vertical to the main surface.
摘要翻译： 半导体发光器件包括第一导电型第一半导体层，第二导电型第二半导体层，半导体发光层以及第一和第二电极。 半导体发光层设置在第一半导体层和第二半导体层之间，并且包括多量子阱结构。 量子阱结构包括交替层叠的阱层和势垒层，每个阱层不小于6nm且不大于10nm。 第一和第二电极电连接到第一和第二半导体层，使得电流在基本垂直于主表面的方向上流动。
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公开(公告)号：US08570240B2
公开(公告)日：2013-10-29
申请号：US12996839
申请日：2008-06-27
申请人： Akira Tanaka , Machiko Oouchida , Hiroyuki Mori
发明人： Akira Tanaka , Machiko Oouchida , Hiroyuki Mori
IPC分类号： H01Q1/36
CPC分类号： H04B13/00
摘要： A communication sheet structure for transmitting electromagnetic waves, and thereby performing communication, is characterized in that the communication sheet structure includes a planar base material with a relative dielectric constant at a frequency of from 800 MHz to 10 GHz of from 1.0 to 15.0, and one side of the base material includes conductor A existing portion and non-existing portion, and the other side of the base material includes a conductor B existing over 90% or more thereof. The communication sheet structure enables communication in two dimensions, and the communication sheet structure is extremely excellent in communication performances.
摘要翻译： 用于传送电磁波，从而进行通信的通信片结构的特征在于，通信片结构包括平面基底材料，其相对介电常数在800MHz至10GHz的频率范围为1.0至15.0，一个 基体材料的一侧包括导体A存在部分和不存在部分，并且基材的另一侧包括存在于其中90％以上的导体B. 通信片结构使得能够在二维方面进行通信，并且通信片结构在通信性能方面非常优异。
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公开(公告)号：US20130228742A1
公开(公告)日：2013-09-05
申请号：US13599852
申请日：2012-08-30
申请人： Akira Tanaka , Yoko Motojima
发明人： Akira Tanaka , Yoko Motojima
IPC分类号： H01L33/06
CPC分类号： H01L33/06 , H01L33/0079 , H01L33/22 , H01L33/32 , H01L33/38 , H01L33/382 , H01L33/387 , H01L33/405 , H01L33/42 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/00
摘要： A semiconductor light emitting device includes a first conductivity-type first semiconductor layer, a second conductivity-type second semiconductor layer, a semiconductor light emitting layer, and first and second electrodes. The semiconductor light emitting layer is provided between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, and includes a multiple quantum well structure. The quantum well structure includes well layers and barrier layers each laminated alternately, each of the well layers being not less than 6 nm and not more than 10 nm. The first and second electrodes are electrically connected to the first and second semiconductor layers such that current flows in a direction substantially vertical to the main surface.
摘要翻译： 半导体发光器件包括第一导电型第一半导体层，第二导电型第二半导体层，半导体发光层以及第一和第二电极。 半导体发光层设置在第一半导体层和第二半导体层之间，并且包括多量子阱结构。 量子阱结构包括交替层叠的阱层和势垒层，每个阱层不小于6nm且不大于10nm。 第一和第二电极电连接到第一和第二半导体层，使得电流在基本垂直于主表面的方向上流动。
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