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公开(公告)号：US4330882A
公开(公告)日：1982-05-18
申请号：US154765
申请日：1980-05-30
CPC分类号： G11B3/00
摘要： Piezoelectric video disc recording cutterheads have small and intricate geometries that make it difficult to compute or measure their mechanical characteristics, especially during the recording process. A monitoring circuit, for use during recording, for monitoring and measuring the mechanical characteristics of a recording cutterhead takes the form of a bridge network. The motional charge or motional current, which are related to the mechanical characteristics of the cutterhead, is measured by means of the bridge network. One branch of the bridge is arranged to include the piezoelectric cutterhead, the other branch comprises a variable capacitor which is adjusted to compensate for the shunt capacitance of the equivalent electrical circuit of the cutterhead. When the variable capacitance is properly adjusted the combination of the currents through the bridge network provides a signal representative of the displacement characteristics of the cutterhead.
摘要翻译： 压电视盘记录刀头具有小而复杂的几何形状，使得难以计算或测量它们的机械特性，特别是在记录过程中。 用于记录期间用于监测和测量记录刀具的机械特性的监视电路采取桥接网络的形式。 通过桥接网络来测量与刀架的机械特性相关的运动电荷或运动电流。 桥的一个分支被布置成包括压电刀头，另一分支包括可调电容器，其被调节以补偿刀盘的等效电路的分流电容。 当可变电容被适当地调节时，通过桥接网络的电流的组合提供表示刀架的位移特性的信号。
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公开(公告)号：US07242832B2
公开(公告)日：2007-07-10
申请号：US11191097
申请日：2005-07-27
CPC分类号： A61B5/6852 , A61B5/0066 , A61B5/0084 , A61B5/0086 , A61B5/02007 , G01N21/45 , G02B6/26
摘要： A probe for use in characterizing tissue. The probe includes a plurality of optical fibers and an optical element. Each fiber includes a distal portion and a proximal portion. The fibers transmit light through the fiber to a surrounding area and collect light reflected back from the surrounding area. The optical element may be adjacent an outer periphery of the distal portion of the plurality of optical fibers. The optical element reduces an optical path length through blood.
摘要翻译： 用于表征组织的探针。 探针包括多个光纤和光学元件。 每个纤维包括远侧部分和近端部分。 光纤通过光纤将光线传输到周围区域，并收集从周围区域反射回来的光线。 光学元件可以与多根光纤的远端部分的外周相邻。 光学元件通过血液减少光程长度。
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公开(公告)号：US06175446B1
公开(公告)日：2001-01-16
申请号：US09159141
申请日：1998-09-23
申请人： Gerard A. Alphonse
发明人： Gerard A. Alphonse
IPC分类号： H01S0300
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , H01S5/3404 , H01S5/4043 , H01S5/5009 , H01S5/5018
摘要： A semiconductor optical amplifier having various ratios of TE/TM polarization in a multiple quantum well structure on a substrate formed by growing a certain number of quantum wells under compressive strain and others under tensile strain, as well as buffers. The gain coefficients of the respective well layers are chosen such that the overall TE and TM gains are matched over the whole spontaneous emission spectrum so that the semiconductor optical amplifier is polarization-independent.
摘要翻译： 在通过在压缩应变下生长一定数量的量子阱并且在拉伸应变下生长一定数量的量子阱，以及缓冲器，在通过在一定数量的量子阱上形成的多个量子阱结构中的TE / TM偏振的各种比率的半导体光放大器。 选择各个阱层的增益系数使得整个TE和TM增益在整个自发发射光谱上匹配，使得半导体光放大器是偏振无关的。
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公开(公告)号：US4821277A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-11
申请号：US40977
申请日：1987-04-20
CPC分类号： H01L33/30 , G02B6/4203 , H01L33/0045 , H01S5/10
摘要： A low coherence light emitting device comprises a semiconductor body with pair of opposed end faces. The device contains a current confining structure which forms an effective optical beam path between the end faces. The current confining structure is inclined at an angle relative to the direction perpendicular to at least one of the end faces. The tangent of this angle is greater than or equal to the effective optical beam path divided by the length of the body between the end faces. The structure thereby forms a device in which off-axis reflection is obtained at at least one of the device's end faces.
摘要翻译： 低相干性发光器件包括具有一对相对端面的半导体本体。 该装置包含电流限制结构，其在端面之间形成有效的光束路径。 电流限制结构相对于垂直于至少一个端面的方向倾斜一定角度。 该角度的切线大于或等于有效光束路径除以端面之间的主体的长度。 因此，该结构形成了在该装置的端面中的至少一个处获得离轴反射的装置。
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公开(公告)号：US07852485B2
公开(公告)日：2010-12-14
申请号：US12194713
申请日：2008-08-20
CPC分类号： G01B9/02028 , A61B5/0066 , A61B5/0084 , A61B5/0086 , G01B9/02007 , G01B9/0205 , G01B9/02082 , G01B9/0209
摘要： Interferometers and autocorrelator based sensors are disclosed that are configured to have multiple sample arms which can be scanned and the backscattered low coherence source light from a sample resolved in a single sweep of one or more variable delays of the sensor. Borescopes and catheters capable of scanning multiple sections or areas of materials and tissues using these sensors are described.
摘要翻译： 公开了基于干涉仪和基于自相关器的传感器，其被配置为具有可被扫描的多个样本臂，并且来自样品的反向散射的低相干光源以传感器的一个或多个可变延迟的单次扫描分辨。 描述了能够使用这些传感器扫描多个部分或区域的材料和组织的管腔和导管。
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公开(公告)号：US07327463B2
公开(公告)日：2008-02-05
申请号：US10845853
申请日：2004-05-14
申请人： Gerard A. Alphonse
发明人： Gerard A. Alphonse
CPC分类号： G01B9/02014 , A61B5/0066 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/14558 , G01B9/0201 , G01B9/02074 , G01B9/0209 , G01B2290/70
摘要： A method for determining a characteristic of an analyte in a biological sample, the method comprising: directing broadband light by means of a sensing light path at the biological sample, at a target depth defined by the sensing light path and a reference light path; receiving the broadband light reflected from the biological sample by means of the sensing light path; directing the broadband light by means of the reference light path at a fixed reflecting device; and receiving the broadband light reflected from the fixed reflecting device by means of the reference light path. The method also includes interfering the broadband light reflected from the biological sample and the broadband light reflected from the fixed reflecting device; varying an effective light path length of at least one of the reference light path and the sensing light path to define an other target depth; detecting the broadband light resulting from interference of the broadband light reflected from the biological sample and the broadband light reflected from the fixed reflecting device for each of the target depths, to provide an intensity measurement at each of the target depths; and determining the characteristic of the analyte in the biological sample from variations in the intensity measurements.
摘要翻译： 一种用于确定生物样品中的分析物的特征的方法，所述方法包括：在由感测光路和参考光路定义的目标深度处，通过生物样品处的感测光路引导宽带光; 通过感测光路接收从生物样品反射的宽带光; 在固定的反射装置处通过参考光路引导宽带光; 并且通过参考光路接收从固定反射装置反射的宽带光。 该方法还包括干扰从生物样品反射的宽带光和从固定反射装置反射的宽带光; 改变参考光路和感测光路中的至少一个的有效光路长度以限定另一目标深度; 检测从生物样本反射的宽带光的干扰产生的宽带光和对于每个目标深度从固定反射装置反射的宽带光，以在每个目标深度处提供强度测量; 以及根据强度测量的变化确定生物样品中分析物的特征。
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公开(公告)号：US06184542B2
公开(公告)日：2001-02-06
申请号：US09159148
申请日：1998-09-23
申请人： Gerard A. Alphonse
发明人： Gerard A. Alphonse
IPC分类号： H01L3300
CPC分类号： H01L33/0045 , H01S5/1057 , H01S5/50 , H01S5/5027
摘要： A superluminescent diode having emission layers which emit different wavelengths of light disposed side-by-side whereby light emitting in a first direction from an emission layer having a longer wavelength than an adjacent layer in the first direction is not absorbed. Thus, light of the different wavelengths is represented in an output spectra in the first direction at a point beyond the adjacent layer. A semiconductor optical amplifier is formed by creating a symmetrical structure in which the longest wavelength material is grown in the center and the shortest wavelength material is grown near the facets.
摘要翻译： 并联发光的不同波长的发光层的超发光二极管不会吸收从第一方向发出的波长比第一方向的相邻层长的波长的发光层的发光。 因此，不同波长的光在超出相邻层的点处的第一方向上的输出光谱中被表示。 半导体光放大器通过产生其中最长波长材料在中心生长并且最短波长材料生长在小平面附近的对称结构形成。
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8.发明授权Superluminescent diode and optical amplifier with wavelength stabilization using WDM couplers and back output light 失效超发光二极管和具有波长稳定的光放大器，使用WDM耦合器和反向输出光
公开(公告)号：US6097743A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-01
申请号：US159154
申请日：1998-09-23
申请人： Gerard A. Alphonse
发明人： Gerard A. Alphonse
IPC分类号： H01L33/00 , H01S5/0683 , H01S5/0687 , H01S5/50 , H01S3/13
CPC分类号： H01L33/0045 , H01S5/0687 , H01S5/50
摘要： A wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) is used to transmit the output light from a superluminescent diode (SLD) over a band approximately equal to the full width half maximum (FWHM) SLD bandwidth and its output serves as an IFOG light source. The residual (uncoupled) spectrum contains two sidelobes, which are then separated by another WDM into a lower half centered around .lambda..sub.1 and an upper half centered around .lambda..sub.2. These sidelobes are detected and fed to a differential amplifier whose output is an error signal which is used in a feedback loop to control the SLD drive current or the drive current of a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) on which the SLD is mounted, both of which affect the SLD spectrum. The same results are achieved using the back output light of the SLD chip. An optical amplifier is also implemented by providing access to the front and rear faces of the SLD and splitting off a small portion of the light from one of the facets for the automatic adjustment.
摘要翻译： 波分多路复用器（WDM）用于在大致等于全宽半最大值（FWHM）SLD带宽的频带上传输来自超发光二极管（SLD）的输出光，其输出用作IFOG光源。 剩余（非耦合）频谱包含两个旁瓣，然后由另一个WDM分离成以λ1为中心的下半部分，以半波为中心的上半部分。这些旁瓣被检测并馈送到差分放大器，其输出为误差信号 其用于反馈回路以控制SLD驱动电流或其上安装SLD的热电冷却器（TEC）的驱动电流，这两者都影响SLD频谱。 使用SLD芯片的反向输出光实现相同的结果。 通过提供对SLD的前表面和后表面的访问并且从其中一个面分离小部分的光以进行自动调整，也实现光放大器。
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公开(公告)号：US4958355A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-18
申请号：US330033
申请日：1989-03-29
CPC分类号： H01L33/20 , H01L33/0045 , H01S5/10 , H01S5/20 , H01S5/22 , H01S5/1032
摘要： There is provided a super luminescent light emitting device comprising a semiconductor body including a central region and two opposing end regions extending a predetermined distance from the end faces. A gain guiding linear strip of material adjacent to a side of the active region extends between the end faces and is inclined along its longitudinal axis at a predetermined angle relative to a direction normal to at least one of the end faces. An optical beam path of the device has an optical axis of symmetry extending between the end faces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the strip. The beam path has end lateral boundaries at each of the end regions whose lateral carrier and optical confinement is determined by the gain guiding strip to allow light reflected at the end faces to be refracted out of the optical beam path. The device includes index guiding structure extending on opposite sides of the gain guiding strip over the central region of the device parallel to the longitudinal axis of the gain guiding strip. The index guiding structure determines the central lateral boundaries for the optical beam path to provide lateral carrier and optical confinement of the optical beam path at the central region.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种超发光发光器件，其包括半导体本体，该半导体本体包括中心区域和从端面延伸预定距离的两个相对的端部区域。 引导邻近有源区域侧的材料的线性条带的增益在端面之间延伸，并且沿着其纵向轴线相对于至少一个端面的方向以预定角度倾斜。 器件的光束路径具有在平行于条的纵向轴线的端面之间延伸的对称光轴。 光束路径在每个端部区域处具有端侧横向边界，其横向载体和光限制由增益引导条确定，以允许在端面处反射的光被折射出光束路径。 该装置包括在增益引导条的相对侧上延伸的引导引导结构，该引导结构平行于增益引导条的纵向轴线在该装置的中心区域上。 索引引导结构确定光束路径的中心横向边界以在中心区域处提供光束路径的横向载波和光限制。
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公开(公告)号：US4153894A
公开(公告)日：1979-05-08
申请号：US823186
申请日：1977-08-09
CPC分类号： G10K11/18 , G01S7/52046 , G10K11/00
摘要： Disclosed is a random phase diffuser which is inserted between a transducer and an insonification subject in accoustical imaging. The diffuser is comprised of an array of lossless elements which cause sound emitted by the transducer to be passed through and emitted with a phase value of 0.degree. or 180.degree.. Additionally disclosed is the combination of a random phase diffuser with a wedge coupling feature for increasing insonification efficiency.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种随机相扩散器，其被插入在声像成像中的换能器和失真对象之间。 扩散器由无损元件阵列组成，其使得换能器发出的声音通过并以相位值0°或180°发射。 另外公开了随机相扩散器与楔形耦合特征的组合，用于提高增韧效率。
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