摘要:
The method provides nitro compounds at a high conversion and selectivity by nitrating substrates under comparatively mild conditions in the absence of catalysts. Organic substrates are nitrated using no catalysts or ozone, but using (1) at least one nitrogen compound selected from N.sub.2 O or NO and oxygen. It is advantageous for the nitration reaction to employ a nitrogen compound obtained by a reaction of the nitrogen compound with oxygen, particularly a nitrogen oxide comprising N.sub.2 O.sub.3 as a main component. Additionally, organic substrates are nitrated using (2) NO.sub.2. The substrates include a compound having a methine-carbon atom, and a compound having a methyl group or methylene group in an adjacent position to an aromatic ring.
摘要:
In the presence of an imide compound (e.g., N-hydroxyphthalimide) shown by the following formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group and a cycloalkyl group, and R1 and R2 may bond together to form a double bond, or an aromatic or non-aromatic ring, and Y is an O or OH, and n denotes 1 to 3; a substrate is allowed to contact with at least one reactant selected from (i) a nitrogen oxide and (ii) a mixture of carbon monoxide and oxygen to be introduced with at least one functional group selected from a nitro group and a carboxyl group. The nitrogen oxide includes, for example, a compound represented by the formula NxOy (e.g., N2O3, NO2). The substrate includes, for example, a compound having a methine carbon atom (e.g., adamantane), a compound having a methyl group or a methylene group at an adjacent moiety of an aromatic ring. According to such reaction, the substrate can be efficiently nitrated or carboxylated even in a mild or moderate condition.
摘要翻译:在下式(1)所示的酰亚胺化合物(例如,N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺)存在下,其中R 1和R 2表示氢原子,卤素原子,烷基,芳基和环烷基,R 1 并且R 2可以键合在一起形成双键,或芳族或非芳香族环,Y是O或OH,n表示1至3;使底物与至少一种选自(i )氮氧化物和(ii)一氧化碳和氧气的混合物与至少一种选自硝基和羧基的官能团一起引入。 氮氧化物包括例如由式N x O y表示的化合物(例如,N 2 O 3,NO 2)。 底物包括例如具有次甲基碳原子的化合物(例如金刚烷),在芳环的相邻部分具有甲基或亚甲基的化合物。 根据这种反应,即使在温和或中等条件下,底物也能被有效地硝化或羧化。
摘要:
The process of this invention efficiently produces a compound having an alkyl group or alkenyl group bonded at the alpha position of an electron attractive group, or a derivative thereof, by catalytic radical addition reaction. The process reacts a compound containing an electron attractive group of Formula (1) as defined in the specification with a compound containing an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond of Formula (2) or (7) as defined in the specification to produce a compound of Formula (3) or (8) as defined in the specification. The invention is characterized by carrying out the reaction in the presence of oxygen and a catalytic compound of a Group 7, 8, or 9 element of the Periodic Table of Elements.
摘要:
A catalyst of the invention includes an imide compound having a N-substituted cyclic imide skeleton represented by following Formula (I): wherein R is a hydroxyl-protecting group. Preferred R is a hydrolyzable protecting group. R may be a group obtained from an acid by eliminating an OH group therefrom. Such acids include, for example, carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, carbonic acid, carbamic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acids and boric acids. The catalyst may include the imide compound and a metallic compound in combination. In the presence of the catalyst, (A) a compound capable of forming a radical is allowed to react with (B) a radical scavenging compound and thereby yields an addition or substitution reaction product of the compound (A) and the compound (B) or a derivative thereof. This catalyst can produce an organic compound with a high selectivity in a high yield as a result of, for example, an addition or substitution reaction under mild conditions.
摘要:
A carbonyl compound represented by following Formula (1): wherein R1 represents hydrogen atom or an organic group; and R2 represents hydrogen atom or an organic group having a carbon atom at a bonding site with the carbonyl group in Formula (1), wherein R1 and R2 may be combined to form a ring with adjacent two carbon atoms, or an equivalent thereof is reacted with an unsaturated compound represented by following Formula (2): wherein each of R3, R4, and R5 represents hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, hydroxyl group, or an organic group and wherein R3 and R4 may be combined to form a ring with adjacent two carbon atoms, or a precursor thereof, to yield a furan compound represented by following Formula (3): wherein R3′ represents R3, R5 or hydrogen atom; and R1, R2, R3, R4, are R5 are as defined above.
摘要翻译:由下式(1)表示的羰基化合物:其中R 1表示氢原子或有机基团; R 2表示氢原子或在式(1)中与羰基键合位置具有碳原子的有机基团,其中R 1和R 2各自独立地表示氢原子, 2可以组合形成具有相邻两个碳原子的环,或者其等同物与下式(2)表示的不饱和化合物反应:其中R 3,R 3, R 4和R 5代表氢原子,卤素原子,羟基或有机基团,并且其中R 3和R 3各自独立地选自氢, 4可以组合形成具有相邻的两个碳原子的环或其前体,得到由下式(3)表示的呋喃化合物:其中R 3表示R' SO 3,R 5或氢原子; R 1,R 2,R 3,R 4,R 4,R 5,R 4, >如上所定义。
摘要:
A process produces vinyl ether compounds and includes allowing a vinyl ester compound represented by following Formula (1): wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom or an organic group, to react with a hydroxy compound represented by following Formula (2): R5OH (2) wherein R5 is an organic group, in the presence of at least one transition element compound to thereby yield a vinyl ether compound represented by following Formula (3): wherein R2, R3, R4 and R5 have the same meanings as defined above. Such transition element compounds include iridium compounds and other compounds containing Group VIII elements.
摘要:
A substrate is contacted with oxygen in the presence of the imide compound shown by the following formula (1) (N-hydroxyphthalimide) and a strong acid, or the imide compound, the strong acid and a co-catalyst (e.g., a transition metal compound) to oxygenate the substrate with high conversion and selectivity: wherein R1 and R2 represent a substituent such as a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a cycloalkyl group, or R1 and R2 may bond together to form a double bond or an aromatic or nonaromatic ring, X is O or OH, and n is 1 to 3. The substrate comprises, for example, at least one compound selected from (a) a compound having a methyl group or a methylene group at an adjacent site of an unsaturated bond, (b) a homo- or hetero cyclic compound having a methylene group, (c) a compound having a methine carbon atom, (d) a compound having a methyl group or a methylene group at an adjacent site of an aromatic ring and (e) a compound having a methyl group or a methylene group at an adjacent site of a carbonyl group.
摘要:
The oxidation catalyst system of the invention is composed of (A) a ruthenium compound and (B) a dioxybenzene or its oxidant. The ruthenium compound (A) includes dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium (II) and other ruthenium complexes and Ru/C. The dioxybenzene or its oxidant (B) includes hydroquinone. The oxidation of an alcohol by molecular oxygen in the presence of the oxidation catalyst system can give the corresponding carbonyl compound in high yield. A primary alcohol is more selectively oxidized than a secondary alcohol.
摘要:
A non-cyclic branched aliphatic hydrocarbon (e.g., isobutane) is oxidized with oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst comprising an imide compound of the following formula (1) (e.g., N-hydroxyphthalimide) or an oxidation catalyst comprising the imide compound and a co-catalyst (e.g., a transition metal compound of selected from Group 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8 and 1B elements of the Periodic Table of elements), for the formation of an oxide (e.g., t-butanol, acetone): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a substituent such as a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may together form a double bond or an aromatic or non-aromatic 5- to 12-membered ring, X is O or OH, and n is 1 to 3.
摘要:
A substrate (e.g., a cycloalkane, a polycyclic hydrocarbon, an aromatic compound having a methyl group) is oxidized with oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalytic system comprising an imide compound of the following formula (1) (e.g., N-hydroxyphthalimide) and a co-catalyst containing a element selected from Group 3 to 12 elements (in particular, Group 4 to 11 elements) of the Periodic Table of Elements. The co-catalyst comprises a compound containing plural elements (except heteropolyacid and a combination of Group 7 and 8 elements of the Periodic Table of Elements), and is useful for the formation of an oxide (e.g., a ketone, an alcohol, a carboxylic acid): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a substituent such as a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may together form a double bond or an aromatic or nonaromatic 5- to 12-membered ring, X is O or OH, and n is 1 to 3.