摘要:
Methods for plating metal over features of a semiconductor wafer and devices that can be formed by these methods are disclosed. One such method includes forming a barrier layer over the substrate using electroless plating and forming a copper layer over the barrier layer. In some implementations, the semiconductor wafer is a GaAs wafer. Alternatively or additionally, the feature over which metal is plated can be a through-wafer via. In some implementations, a seed layer over the barrier layer can be formed using electroless plating.
摘要:
A method of integrated processing of a patterned substrate (400, 600) for copper metallization. The method includes providing the patterned substrate (400, 600) containing a via (426, 626) and a trench (424, 624) in a vacuum processing tool (300), and performing an integrated process on the patterned substrate (400, 600) in the vacuum processing tool (300) by depositing a first metal-containing layer (428, 628) over the patterned substrate (400, 600), removing by sputter etching the first metal-containing layer (428, 628) from the bottom (426b, 626b) of the via (426, 626) and at least partially removing the first metal-containing layer (428, 628) from the bottom (424b, 624b) of the trench (424,624), depositing a conformal Ru layer (432, 632) onto the sputter etched first metal-containing layer (428a, 628a), depositing a non-conformal Cu layer (434,634) on the conformal Ru layer (432), and plating Cu (436, 636) over the patterned substrate (400, 600). According to one embodiment of the invention, the method can further include depositing a second metal-containing layer (430) onto the sputter etched first metal-containing layer (428a) prior to depositing the conformal Ru layer (432).
摘要:
A method and system to form a refractory metal layer over a substrate includes introduction of a reductant, such as PH3 or B2H6, followed by introduction of a tungsten containing compound, such as WF6, to form a tungsten layer. It is believed that the reductant reduces the fluorine content of the tungsten layer while improving the step coverage and resistivity of the tungsten layer. It is believed that the improved characteristics of the tungsten film are attributable to the chemical affinity between the reductants and the tungsten containing compound. The chemical affinity provides better surface mobility of the adsorbed chemical species and better reduction of WF6 at the nucleation stage of the tungsten layer. The method can further include sequentially introducing a reductant, such as PH3 or B2H6, and a tungsten containing compound to deposit a tungsten layer. The formed tungsten layer can be used as a nucleation layer followed by bulk deposition of a tungsten layer utilizing standard CVD techniques. Alternatively, the formed tungsten layer can be used to fill an aperture.
摘要:
A method and apparatus (100) for manually and automatically processing microelectronic workpieces (114). The apparatus can include a tool having a plurality of processing stations (150), all of which are manually accessible to a user, and an input/output station (110) configured to support at least one microelectronic workpiece for automatic transfer to and from the processing stations. A transfer device (130) is positioned proximate to the input/output station and the processing stations and is configured to automatically transfer microelectronic workpieces between the input/output station and the processing stations. The apparatus can be used for both manual and automatic processing of microelectronic workpieces, either sequentially or simultaneously. The processing stations can be configured to perform on the microelectronic workpiece functions such as material application, material removal, seed layer enhancement, rinsing, drying, annealing, baking, and metrology.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method of improving the adhesion of a copper layer to a barrier layer on a substrate. After deposition of a barrier layer, such as TiN, an amorphous silicon layer is deposited by striking a plasma over the substrate using a silicon source gas, such as silane, and an inert gas, such as argon (Ar). A Cu layer is deposited on the amorphous silicon. In another aspect of the invention, a TiSiN layer is deposited using a silicon source gas, such as silane, and a titanium source gas, such as TDMAT, during the deposition of the TiN barrier layer.
摘要:
A method of forming conductive interconnections is disclosed herein. In one illustrative embodiment, the method comprises forming an opening (68) in a layer insulation material (62), forming a first plurality of silicon seed atoms (51) in the opening (68), and performing a first tungsten growing process to form tungsten material in the opening. The method further comprises forming a second plurality of silicon seed atoms (53) in the opening (68) above at least a portion of the tungsten material formed during the first tungsten growing process, and performing at least one additional tungsten growing process after forming the second plurality of silicon seed atoms (53) to further form tungsten material in the opening (68).
摘要:
Thin films are formed by formed by atomic layer deposition, whereby the composition of the film can be varied from monolayer to monolayer during cycles (301) or (450, 455, 460, 470) including alternating pulses of self-limiting chemistries. In the illustrated embodiments, varying amounts of impurity sources (306 or 460) are introduced during the cyclical process. A graded gate dielectric (72) is thereby provided, even for extremely thin layers. The gate dielectric (72) as thin as 2 nm can be varied from pure silicon oxide to oxynitride to silicon nitride. Similarly, the gate dielectric (72) can be varied from aluminum oxide to mixtures of aluminum oxide and a higher dielectric material (e.g., ZrO2) to pure high k material and back to aluminum oxide. In another embodiment, metal nitride (432) (e.g., WN) is first formed as a barrier for lining dual damascene trenches and vias. During the alternating deposition process, copper can be introduced, e.g., in separate pulses, and the copper source pulses (460) can gradually increase in frequency, forming a graded transition region (434), until pure copper (436) is formed at the upper surface. Advantageously, graded compositions in these and a variety of other contexts help to avoid such problems as etch rate control, electromigration and non-ohmic electrical contact that can occur at sharp material interfaces.