Abstract:
Control agents that have a nitrogen-nitrogen bond covalently bonded to a thiocarbonyl moiety are provided for living-type free radical polymerization of a wide variety of monomers. These control agents provide superior properties for control of the polymerization and/or the properties of the polymers obtained and/or the monomers that may be polymerized. In some embodiments, a bulky group is pendant off the activated thiocarbonyl portion of the control agents. Multifunctional control agents provide the opportunity for a variety of structurally unique polymers, including block copolymers, stars and hyper-branched polymers.
Abstract:
A method for screening a catalyst library, the method comprising: combining each of a plurality of catalysts of the catalyst library with at least one reactant so as to form a plurality of reaction mixtures, contacting a fluid sample from one of the reaction mixtures with a sorbent, the sorbent being highly selective for at least one component of the fluid sample, selectively trapping the at least one component of the fluid sample on the sorbent, and detecting the at least one component of the fluid sample while the at least one component is trapped on the sorbent, the contacting step, the trapping step, and the detecting step being carried out at least once for each of the plurality of reaction mixtures, and the detecting step is carried out for at least two of the reaction mixtures simultaneously.
Abstract:
A library of material samples is provided in a condition suitable for imaging using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The samples are provided to one or more detection cells, each of the cells including or containing a reflective surface. Preferably, for imaging, an energy source (e.g. a source of infrared radiation) provides energy to the detection cells to interact with the samples. Thereafter, images (e.g., spectra) related to the samples are created based upon the interaction.
Abstract:
Sensors for determining the presence and concentration of bio-molecules in a biological sample are provided in the form of polymer brushes, which comprise a substrate having a surface that is modified with a water-dispersible or water-soluble polymer segment having functional groups that bind probes. The method of synthesis of such sensors preferably includes use of controlled free radical polymerization techniques which allows for controlled architecture polymers to modify the surface of the substrate. In this manner functional groups in the polymer chain are removed from the surface, which allows for solution chemistry to be more realistically reproduced with the benefits of a solid bound probe.
Abstract:
A fuel cell catalyst comprising platinum, titanium and tungsten. In one or more embodiments, the concentration of platinum is less than 60 atomic percent, and/or the concentration of titanium is at least 20 atomic percent, and/or the concentration of tungsten is at least 25 atomic percent.
Abstract:
The invention is directed toward methods of using alkali-containing catalysts for generation of hydrogen-rich gas at temperatures of less than about 260 °C. A WGS catalyst of the invention may have the following composition: a) at least one of Pt, Ru, their oxides and mixtures thereof; b) Na, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and optionally, c) Li, its oxides and mixtures thereof. The catalysts may be supported on a variety of catalyst support materials. The invention is also directed toward catalysts that exhibit both high activity and selectivity to hydrogen generation and carbon monoxide oxidation.
Abstract:
A method and catalysts and fuel processing apparatus for producing a hydrogen-rich gas, such as a hydrogen-rich syngas are disclosed. According to the method a CO-containing gas, such as a syngas, contacts a water gas shift catalyst in the presence of water, preferably at a temperature of less than about 450°C, to produce a hydrogen-rich gas, such as a hydrogen-rich syngas. Also disclosed is a water gas shift catalyst comprising: a) Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; b) at least one of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, their oxides and mixtures thereof; and c) at least one of Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ir, Ni, Pd, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, their oxides and mixtures thereof. The WGS catalyst may be supported on a carrier, such as any one member or a combination of alumina, zirconia, titania, ceria, magnesia, lanthania, niobia, yttria and iron oxide. Fuel processors containing such water gas shift catalysts are also disclosed.
Abstract:
Apparatus for parallel processing of multiple reaction mixtures, said apparatus comprising a reactor having an exterior surface, one or more vessels in the reactor for holding said reaction mixtures, each vessel having a central longitudinal axis, a cannula having a longitudinal axis, a distal end, and a port generally adjacent said distal end for transfer of said reaction material to or from the cannula, one or more cannula passages in the reactor extending between said exterior surface of the reactor and said one or more vessels, the one or more cannula passages being adapted for insertion of the cannula through a selected cannula passage and into a respective vessel, and for withdrawal of the cannula from the selected cannula passage and respective vessel, and a sealing mechanism in each cannula passage for sealing against leakage of gas therepast when the cannula is inserted into or withdrawn from the selected cannula passage, wherein said sealing mechanism comprises a valve movable between a closed position for closing the cannula passage and an open position permitting movement of the cannula past the valve, and a seal in the passage sealingly engageable with the cannula when the valve is in its open position.
Abstract:
A sensor system and method for analyzing a fluid contained within an environmental control system (100), comprising the steps of providing a system (100) including a passage for containing a thermal change fluid; placing a sensor (108) including a mechanical resonator in the passage; operating the resonator to have at least a portion thereof translate through the fluid; and monitoring the response of the resonator to the fluid in the passage. A preferred sensor includes a tuning fork resonator.