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    Methods for forming particles
    1.
    发明授权
    Methods for forming particles 有权
    形成颗粒的方法

    公开(公告)号：US09371226B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-06-21

    申请号：US13019879

    申请日：2011-02-02

    申请人： Robert V. Fox ,  Fengyan Zhang ,  Rene G. Rodriguez ,  Joshua J. Pak ,  Chivin Sun

    发明人： Robert V. Fox ,  Fengyan Zhang ,  Rene G. Rodriguez ,  Joshua J. Pak ,  Chivin Sun

    IPC分类号： H01L31/02 ,  H01L31/18 ,  C01B17/00 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C01G15/00 ,  H01L31/032 ,  H01L31/0392 ,  H01L31/0749

    CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 ,  C01G15/006 ,  C01P2002/72 ,  C01P2002/84 ,  C01P2004/62 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C01P2006/40 ,  H01L31/0322 ,  H01L31/03923 ,  H01L31/0749 ,  Y02E10/541

    摘要： Single source precursors or pre-copolymers of single source precursors are subjected to microwave radiation to form particles of a I-III-VI2 material. Such particles may be formed in a wurtzite phase and may be converted to a chalcopyrite phase by, for example, exposure to heat. The particles in the wurtzite phase may have a substantially hexagonal shape that enables stacking into ordered layers. The particles in the wurtzite phase may be mixed with particles in the chalcopyrite phase (i.e., chalcopyrite nanoparticles) that may fill voids within the ordered layers of the particles in the wurtzite phase thus produce films with good coverage. In some embodiments, the methods are used to form layers of semiconductor materials comprising a I-III-VI2 material. Devices such as, for example, thin-film solar cells may be fabricated using such methods.

    摘要翻译： 将单源前体或单源前体的预共聚物进行微波辐射以形成I-III-VI2材料的颗粒。 这样的颗粒可以以纤锌矿相形成，并且可以通过例如暴露于热而转变成黄铜矿相。 纤锌矿相中的颗粒可以具有基本上六边形的形状，其能够堆叠成有序层。 纤锌矿相中的颗粒可以与黄铜矿相中的颗粒（即，黄铜矿纳米颗粒）混合，其可以填充纤锌矿相中颗粒的有序层内的空隙，从而产生具有良好覆盖率的膜。 在一些实施例中，所述方法用于形成包含I-III-VI2材料的半导体材料层。 可以使用这样的方法来制造诸如薄膜太阳能电池的装置。

    Methods of forming semiconductor devices and devices formed using such methods
    2.
    发明授权
    Methods of forming semiconductor devices and devices formed using such methods 有权
    使用这种方法形成半导体器件和器件的方法

    公开(公告)号：US08445388B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-05-21

    申请号：US13099043

    申请日：2011-05-02

    申请人： Robert V. Fox ,  Rene G. Rodriguez ,  Joshua Pak

    发明人： Robert V. Fox ,  Rene G. Rodriguez ,  Joshua Pak

    IPC分类号： H01L21/461

    CPC分类号： H01L31/0322 ,  H01L21/02485 ,  H01L21/02505 ,  H01L21/02568 ,  H01L21/02601 ,  H01L21/0262 ,  Y02E10/541 ,  Y10S977/813 ,  Y10S977/824

    摘要： Single source precursors are subjected to carbon dioxide to form particles of material. The carbon dioxide may be in a supercritical state. Single source precursors also may be subjected to supercritical fluids other than supercritical carbon dioxide to form particles of material. The methods may be used to form nanoparticles. In some embodiments, the methods are used to form chalcopyrite materials. Devices such as, for example, semiconductor devices may be fabricated that include such particles. Methods of forming semiconductor devices include subjecting single source precursors to carbon dioxide to form particles of semiconductor material, and establishing electrical contact between the particles and an electrode.

    摘要翻译： 单源前体经受二氧化碳以形成材料颗粒。 二氧化碳可以处于超临界状态。 单源前体还可以经受超临界二氧化碳以外的超临界流体以形成材料颗粒。 该方法可用于形成纳米颗粒。 在一些实施方案中，所述方法用于形成黄铜矿材料。 可以制造诸如半导体器件的器件，其包括这样的粒子。 形成半导体器件的方法包括使单源前体经二氧化碳形成半导体材料颗粒，并且在颗粒和电极之间建立电接触。

    Process for producing biodiesel, lubricants, and fuel and lubricant additives in a critical fluid medium
    3.
    发明授权
    Process for producing biodiesel, lubricants, and fuel and lubricant additives in a critical fluid medium 有权
    在临界流体介质中生产生物柴油，润滑剂，燃料和润滑剂添加剂的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06887283B1

    公开(公告)日：2005-05-03

    申请号：US09554708

    申请日：1999-07-22

    申请人： Daniel M. Ginosar ,  Robert V. Fox

    发明人： Daniel M. Ginosar ,  Robert V. Fox

    IPC分类号： C10L1/19 ,  C10M105/34 ,  C10M129/70 ,  C10M177/00 ,  C11C1/04 ,  C11C1/06 ,  C11C3/00 ,  C11C3/02 ,  C11C3/04 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10M105/32

    CPC分类号： C10L1/19 ,  C10M105/34 ,  C10M129/70 ,  C10M177/00 ,  C10M2207/281 ,  C10M2207/2815 ,  C10N2270/00 ,  C11C1/04 ,  C11C1/06 ,  C11C3/003 ,  C11C3/02 ,  C11C3/04 ,  Y02E50/13

    摘要： A process for producing alkyl esters useful in biofuels and lubricants by transesterifying glyceride- or esterifying free fatty acid-containing substances in a single critical phase medium is disclosed. The critical phase medium provides increased reaction rates, decreases the loss of catalyst or catalyst activity and improves the overall yield of desired product. The process involves the steps of dissolving an input glyceride- or free fatty acid-containing substance with an alcohol or water into a critical fluid medium; reacting the glyceride- or free fatty acid-containing substance with the alcohol or water input over either a solid or liquid acidic or basic catalyst and sequentially separating the products from each other and from the critical fluid medium, which critical fluid medium can then be recycled back in the process. The process significantly reduces the cost of producing additives or alternatives to automotive fuels and lubricants utilizing inexpensive glyceride- or free fatty acid-containing substances, such as animal fats, vegetable oils, rendered fats, and restaurant grease.

    摘要翻译： 公开了通过在单一临界相介质中酯交换甘油酯或酯化游离脂肪酸的物质来生产用于生物燃料和润滑剂的烷基酯的方法。 临界相介质提供增加的反应速率，减少催化剂的损失或催化剂活性并提高所需产物的总产率。 该方法包括将含有醇或水的输入甘油酯或游离脂肪酸物质溶解在临界流体介质中的步骤; 使含有甘油酯或游离脂肪酸的物质与醇或水输入物在固体或液体酸性或碱性催化剂上反应，并将产物相互分离并从临界流体介质中分离，该临界流体介质可以再循环 回过头来 该方法显着降低了使用廉价的含有甘油酯或游离脂肪酸的物质（如动物脂肪，植物油，成熟脂肪和餐后油脂）来生产添加剂或替代汽车燃料和润滑剂的成本。

    Method for reactivating solid catalysts used in alkylation reactions
    5.
    发明授权
    Method for reactivating solid catalysts used in alkylation reactions 失效
    烷基化反应中使用的固体催化剂再活化方法

    公开(公告)号：US06579821B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-06-17

    申请号：US09593186

    申请日：2000-06-14

    申请人： Daniel M. Ginosar ,  David N. Thompson ,  Kyle Coates ,  David J. Zalewski ,  Robert V. Fox

    发明人： Daniel M. Ginosar ,  David N. Thompson ,  Kyle Coates ,  David J. Zalewski ,  Robert V. Fox

    IPC分类号： B01J3856

    CPC分类号： B01J38/56 ,  B01J2038/005

    摘要： A method for reactivating a solid alkylation catalyst is provided which can be performed within a reactor that contains the alkylation catalyst or outside the reactor. Effective catalyst reactivation is achieved whether the catalyst is completely deactivated or partially deactivated. A fluid reactivating agent is employed to dissolve catalyst fouling agents and also to react with such agents and carry away the reaction products. The deactivated catalyst is contacted with the fluid reactivating agent under pressure and temperature conditions such that the fluid reactivating agent is dense enough to effectively dissolve the fouling agents and any reaction products of the fouling agents and the reactivating agent. Useful pressures and temperatures for reactivation include near-critical, critical, and supercritical pressures and temperatures for the reactivating agent. The fluid reactivating agent can include, for example, a branched paraffin containing at least one tertiary carbon atom, or a compound that can be isomerized to a molecule containing at least one tertiary carbon atom.

    摘要翻译： 提供了可以在含有烷基化催化剂的反应器中或在反应器外部进行的重新活化固体烷基化催化剂的方法。 无论催化剂是完全失活还是部分失活，都能实现有效的催化剂再活化。 使用流体再活化剂来溶解催化剂污垢剂，并且与这些试剂反应并携带反应产物。 失活的催化剂在压力和温度条件下与流体再生剂接触，使得流体再活化剂足够致密以有效地溶解污垢剂和污垢剂和再活化剂的任何反应产物。 重新激活的有用的压力和温度包括重新激活剂的近临界，临界和超临界压力和温度。 流体再活化剂可以包括例如含有至少一个叔碳原子的支链烷烃，或可以异构化成含有至少一个叔碳原子的分子的化合物。

    Systems and strippable coatings for decontaminating structures that include porous material
    6.
    发明授权
    Systems and strippable coatings for decontaminating structures that include porous material 有权
    用于净化结构的系统和可剥离涂层，包括多孔材料

    公开(公告)号：US08070881B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-12-06

    申请号：US12704409

    申请日：2010-02-11

    申请人： Robert V. Fox ,  Recep Avci ,  Gary S. Groenewold

    发明人： Robert V. Fox ,  Recep Avci ,  Gary S. Groenewold

    IPC分类号： B08B9/04

    CPC分类号： C08G79/025 ,  B08B7/0014 ,  C08G65/34 ,  C08L85/02

    摘要： Methods of removing contaminant matter from porous materials include applying a polymer material to a contaminated surface, irradiating the contaminated surface to cause redistribution of contaminant matter, and removing at least a portion of the polymer material from the surface. Systems for decontaminating a contaminated structure comprising porous material include a radiation device configured to emit electromagnetic radiation toward a surface of a structure, and at least one spray device configured to apply a capture material onto the surface of the structure. Polymer materials that can be used in such methods and systems include polyphosphazine-based polymer materials having polyphosphazine backbone segments and side chain groups that include selected functional groups. The selected functional groups may include iminos, oximes, carboxylates, sulfonates, β-diketones, phosphine sulfides, phosphates, phosphites, phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphine oxides, monothio phosphinic acids, and dithio phosphinic acids.

    摘要翻译： 从多孔材料去除污染物质的方法包括将聚合物材料施加到污染的表面上，照射被污染的表面以引起污染物质的再分配，以及从表面除去至少一部分聚合物材料。 用于净化包括多孔材料的污染结构的系统包括被配置为朝向结构的表面发射电磁辐射的辐射装置和被配置为将捕获材料施加到结构的表面上的至少一个喷射装置。 可以用于这些方法和体系的聚合物材料包括具有多聚磷腈骨架链段的聚磷腈基聚合物材料和包括选定官能团的侧链基团。 所选择的官能团可以包括亚氨基，肟，羧酸盐，磺酸盐，二酮，硫化膦，磷酸盐，亚磷酸盐，膦酸盐，次膦酸盐，氧化膦，一硫次膦酸和二硫次膦酸。

    Methods for removing contaminant matter from a porous material
    7.
    发明授权
    Methods for removing contaminant matter from a porous material 有权
    从多孔材料中去除污染物质的方法

    公开(公告)号：US07833357B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-11-16

    申请号：US12704393

    申请日：2010-02-11

    申请人： Robert V. Fox ,  Recep Avci ,  Gary S. Groenewold

    发明人： Robert V. Fox ,  Recep Avci ,  Gary S. Groenewold

    IPC分类号： B08B3/12

    CPC分类号： C08G79/025 ,  B08B7/0014 ,  C08G65/34 ,  C08L85/02

    摘要： Methods of removing contaminant matter from porous materials include applying a polymer material to a contaminated surface, irradiating the contaminated surface to cause redistribution of contaminant matter, and removing at least a portion of the polymer material from the surface. Systems for decontaminating a contaminated structure comprising porous material include a radiation device configured to emit electromagnetic radiation toward a surface of a structure, and at least one spray device configured to apply a capture material onto the surface of the structure. Polymer materials that can be used in such methods and systems include polyphosphazine-based polymer materials having polyphosphazine backbone segments and side chain groups that include selected functional groups. The selected functional groups may include iminos, oximes, carboxylates, sulfonates, β-diketones, phosphine sulfides, phosphates, phosphites, phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphine oxides, monothio phosphinic acids, and dithio phosphinic acids.

    摘要翻译： 从多孔材料去除污染物质的方法包括将聚合物材料施加到污染的表面上，照射被污染的表面以引起污染物质的再分配，以及从表面除去至少一部分聚合物材料。 用于净化包括多孔材料的污染结构的系统包括被配置为朝向结构的表面发射电磁辐射的辐射装置和被配置为将捕获材料施加到结构的表面上的至少一个喷射装置。 可以用于这些方法和体系的聚合物材料包括具有多聚磷腈骨架链段的聚磷腈基聚合物材料和包括选定官能团的侧链基团。 所选择的官能团可以包括亚氨基，肟，羧酸盐，磺酸盐，二酮，硫化膦，磷酸盐，亚磷酸盐，膦酸盐，次膦酸盐，氧化膦，一硫次膦酸和二硫次膦酸。