摘要:
In order to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions in an internal combustion engine, diesel as well as spark-ignition engines, on the one hand by means of exhaust gas recirculation, but on the other to be able to use temperature-sensitive intake manifolds of economical plastics, a temperature sensor (12) measures the temperature at a definable point in the intake area, preferably in the intake manifold (9) where the highest temperature occurs. The amount of recirculated exhaust gas (1) is set by a control means (8) such that the temperature measured at a definable point does not exceed a definable maximum value, the boundary temperature of the material from which the intake manifold (9) is made, or is adjusted to this maximum value. Alternatively, instead of the temperature being measured in the intake manifold (9) the temperature prevailing there can be computed in a control device (10) or the like which by design is necessary for an internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation by means of a computational model from the n measured values for temperature, pressure and/or speed or the like delivered from the n sensors (11) which by design are necessary for exhaust gas recirculation.
摘要:
A method of diminishing the thermal effects of the exhaust gas recirculation in an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle generally consisting of sensing the temperature of the gas at a selected point along the flow thereof, comparing the sensed temperature with a selected temperature and adjusting the supply of the gas responsive to a selected deviation of the sensed temperature from the selected temperature.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine comprising at least two cylinders respectively provided with admission valves and exhaust valves. According to the invention, in order to fill the cylinders with a larger amount of unburned gas during a gas exchange, the exhaust interval is reduced and the crossover phase of admission and exhaust intervals is extended, for at least one cylinder (3). The invention also relates to an internal combustion engine for carrying out said method.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine comprising at least two cylinders respectively provided with admission valves and exhaust valves. According to the invention, in order to fill the cylinders with a larger amount of unburned gas during a gas exchange, the exhaust interval is reduced and the crossover phase of admission and exhaust intervals is extended, for at least one cylinder (3). The invention also relates to an internal combustion engine for carrying out said method.
摘要:
The invention relates to a separation device for removing objects from a water flow, comprising a separation screen and a channel which forms an inlet and an outlet for the separation screen, wherein, during operation, a head water having a head water level can be provided in the inlet upstream of the separation screen and a tail water having a tail water level can be provided in the outlet downstream of the separation screen, wherein the outlet comprises an outlet cross-section for the water flow. The separation device is characterised by a damming body, which can be adjusted via an actuator, for immersion into the outlet, said damming body being able to be adjusted at least between a first position and a second position, wherein the outlet cross-section is smaller in the first position and the outlet cross-section is larger in the second position, and comprising a control device, wherein the control device includes a first operating mode, in which the flow rate in the area of the separation screen is increased by bringing the damming body from the first position to the second position, wherein the control device includes a second operating mode, in which the flow rate in the area of the separation screen is changed by bringing the damming body from the second position to a third position, wherein the outlet cross-section in the third position is smaller or larger than in the second position, and wherein the control device is configured to automatically activate the first and/or the second operating mode. The invention also relates to a method for operating such a separation device.
摘要:
A method for representing virtual information in a view of a real environment comprises providing a virtual object having a global position and orientation with respect to a geographic global coordinate system, with first pose data on the global position and orientation of the virtual object, in a database of a server, taking an image of a real environment by a mobile device and providing second pose data as to at which position and with which orientation with respect to the geographic global coordinate system the image was taken. The method further includes displaying the image on a display of the mobile device, accessing the virtual object in the database and positioning the virtual object in the image on the basis of the first and second pose data, manipulating the virtual object or adding a further virtual object, and providing the manipulated virtual object with modified first pose data or the further virtual object with third pose data in the database.
摘要:
A scanner (10) is used to provide images for automated diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimers disease. The images are registered (90) to a template (78). The aligned image is analyzed (60) in relation to reference image data (76, 80) which has been registered to the template which is contained in a knowledge maintenance engine (70) for similar patterns of hypo-intensity that would indicate (in the case of an FDG tracer) reduced glucose uptake in the brain. The most appropriate reference images for the analysis of the present study are chosen by a filter (74). The present study is then given a dementia score (84) as a diagnostic feature vector that indicates to a clinician the type and severity of the ailment based on the analysis. The scanner (10) can produce PET or other metabolic and MR images for diagnosis. The MR can be used to measure blood flow rate into the brain. From the blood flow rate and the metabolic image, tracer, e.g. FDG, uptake maps can be generated for use in the automated diagnoses.
摘要:
A catheter can be formed from an elongate shaft and a distal tip. The catheter can be formed by flaring a proximal end of the distal tip to form a flared proximal end and positioning the distal tip such that the flared proximal end of the distal tip overlaps a distal end of the outer layer. Heat and pressure are applied to melt and flow together a portion of the outer layer proximate the distal end of the shaft and the overlapped portion of the flared proximal end of the distal tip, thereby forming a joint between the elongate shaft and the distal tip.
摘要:
A piste-maintenance tracklaying vehicle including a vehicle control unit and an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is drivingly connected via a gear to a drive sprocket of at least one track. Accessory drives for additional devices are mountable on the tracklaying vehicle, and may include vehicle components such as a tilting device for a platform and driver's cab or track tensioner. An internal combustion engine is connected via a generator and at least one electric motor and a gear to each drive sprocket. In overrun mode an electric motor is switchable as a current generator for accessory drives designed as electrohydraulic or electric drives. The electric drive for a shaft of said additional device is electrically synchronized with the electric motor of said drive sprocket through the vehicle control unit.
摘要:
The position of an object, for example a catheter, in a body to be examined is determined so as to enable monitoring of its movement through the body at the same time that information concerning the anatomy in the surroundings of the object is to be acquired. An as high as possible temporal and spatial resolution should be achieved for this purpose. To this end, the nuclear magnetization in the surrounding region of the object is determined by means of a micro-coil which is mounted on the inserted object, it being possible to determine the position of the object from the nuclear magnetization. Subsequently, an RF coil system is used to perform a line scan around this position in order to determine the nuclear magnetization in a line-shaped region.