摘要:
The present invention relates to a photovoltaic element conveniently used for a solar cell. An ITO substrate coated with a metallic oxide or a derivative thereof is used as a transparent electrode (3). Thus, the fall of a resistance value is suppressed even when the photovoltaic element is exposed to high temperature or acid.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a solid electrolyte having superior conductive properties and reliability, a photovoltaic device using this electrolyte, and manufacturing methods thereof. The solid electrolyte of the present invention is a solid electrolyte having an electrolyte composition and a matrix polymer. The matrix polymer is formed by polymerization of a first compound having at least two isocyanate groups and a second compound having at least two nucleophilic groups containing active hydrogen in accordance with a polyaddition reaction, and the polymerization is performed after a precursor for the matrix polymer is brought into contact with a surface on which the solid electrolyte is to be formed.
摘要:
The present invention provides a broad-band antenna for mobile communication in which a desired antenna characteristic is obtained in plural frequency bands of a portable phone or the like. A metal plate 16 having a suitable shape is disposed on an upper surface of a carrier 14 provided on a circuit board 10, and a first and a second antenna elements functioning as inverted-F antennas respectively resonant at a first frequency band and a second frequency band higher than the former are formed by electrically connecting the metal plate 16 to a grounding plate 12 and the circuit board 10 by an earthing terminal 18 and a feed terminal 20, respectively. A third antenna element 24 having a base end electrically connected to the feed terminal 20 and resonant at a third frequency band higher than the second frequency band is provided on a side surface of the carrier 14, ends of the second antenna element and the third antenna element 24 are disposed to be spaced from each other by a distance of 0.1 wavelength or more of the third frequency band, and the end of the third antenna element 24 is disposed to be spaced from the grounding plate 12 by a distance of 0.01 wavelength or more of the third frequency band. Besides, the third antenna element may be made resonant at a fourth frequency band higher than the third frequency band, and a matching circuit to perform matching for the third frequency band may be provided.
摘要:
Disclosed is a control device, which controls an air-fuel ratio sensor that is mounted in an exhaust path of an internal-combustion engine. The air-fuel ratio sensor is capable of pumping oxygen in a gas. Normally (time t0-t1, time t3 or later), a positive voltage Vp1 is applied to a sensor element (FIG. 7A), and the air-fuel ratio is calculated (FIG. 7C) in accordance with a sensor current (FIG. 7B). A heater is driven after internal-combustion engine startup to heat the sensor element. In a process in which the sensor element temperature rises, a negative voltage Vm, which is oriented in a direction different from that of the positive voltage Vp1, is applied to the sensor element.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for producing a spherical particle comprising an aggregate of particles containing at least 95% of a water-soluble single substance having a viscosity of 10 mPa.s or less as determined in the form of a saturated aqueous solution, the process comprising: preparing moist spherical particles of the single substance by charging, as cores, crystalline particles or granulated particles of the single substance on a rotary disc in a processing vessel of a centrifugal tumbling granulating apparatus, wherein the granulated particles are prepared by granulating a powder of the single substance, and dispersing over the cores a powder of the single substance and simultaneously spraying on the cores a liquid such as water or the like while supplying slit air to provide a fluidized condition; and then fixation treating the moist spherical particles by drying them while spraying an aqueous solution of the single substance or the like on the spherical particles in a fluidized bed apparatus; to the spherical particle produced by the process; and to a pharmaceutical preparation and a food containing the spherical particle.
摘要:
A gelatin capsule having adjusted water activity and preserved in a closed system, which contains, packed herein, an additive(s) selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose calcium, crosscarmellose sodium, partially gelatinized starch and polyvinyl polypyrrolidone in the proportion of 50 to 150 wt. % of the total quantity of the gelatin of the said capsule.
摘要:
A control device for an internal combustion engine is provided, which can carry out favorable injection amount feedback control even when a fuel property changes. A cylinder internal pressure sensor (16) that detects a cylinder internal pressure is included. A cylinder internal fresh air amount is calculated based on the cylinder internal pressure detected by the cylinder internal pressure sensor (16) (100). Based on the cylinder internal pressure detected by the cylinder internal pressure sensor (16), an actual heating value is calculated (120). From the calculated cylinder internal fresh air amount, a target heating value in a predetermined excess air ratio is calculated (150). A comparison value of the actual heating value and the target heating value is fed back to a fuel injection amount so that the calculated actual heating value corresponds to the target heating value (160, 170).
摘要:
A liquid supply apparatus, which supplies a liquid or liquids stored in liquid cartridges of a plurality of types, includes a plurality of cartridge installing sections to which the liquid cartridges of the plurality of types are detachably installable, wherein a plurality of connection ports, which correspond to supply ports formed for the liquid cartridges of the plurality of types respectively, are formed at mutually different positions of the respective cartridge installing sections.
摘要:
A steam turbine 10 of an embodiment has seal rings 60 between an inlet sleeve 40 for introducing steam and an inner casing 20 and an outer casing 21 into which the inlet sleeve 40 is inserted. The seal rings 60 have high-temperature side seal rings 70 which are disposed their inner circumferences contacted to the outer circumference of the inlet sleeve 40, and low-temperature side seal rings 80 which are formed to have inner and outer diameters larger than those of the high-temperature side seal rings 70 and disposed with their outer circumferences contacted to the inner casing 20 or the outer casing 21. A thermal barrier layer 90 is disposed between the inner circumferences of the high-temperature side seal rings 70 and the outer circumference of the inlet sleeve 40 and between the high-temperature side seal rings 70 and the low-temperature side seal rings 80.
摘要:
Heat generation amount PVκ(θ) is calculated with the use of cylinder pressure P(θ), detected by a cylinder pressure sensor, cylinder volume V(θ), and specific heat ratio κ (steps 100 to 102). A crank angle θfix, at which the value of PVκ(θ) peaks, is determined as a start crank angle, at which an adiabatic process after combustion starts (step 104). A correction coefficient Kfix is calculated based on the variation of the value of PVκ(θ) after θfix (step 106). An actual heat generation amount PVκfix(θ) is calculated with the use of the correction coefficient Kfix (step 110). A cooling loss coefficient Kcool that determines a correlation between the cooling loss and crank angles may be calculated based on a water temperature and an engine speed and the actual heat generation amount PVκfix(θ) may be made to reflect the cooling loss coefficient Kcool.