Abstract:
The present invention refers to a process for catalytic fractionation of plant biomass, producing non-pyrolytic bio-oil from lignocellulosic materials in addition to a high-quality pulp comprising cellulose and hemicellulose as a byproduct. The inventive process is useful for a variety of interesting applications, leading in a single step to high quality pulp and non-pyrolytic bio-oil that mostly comprises phenols in addition to cyclohexanones, cyclohexanols and cycloalkanes as minor products.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for breaking down lignocellulose biomass. In said method, acid-impregnated lignocellulose biomass, e.g., beech wood, pine wood or sugarcane bagasse, is subjected to a mechanical treatment and the obtained break-down residues are fed to a process of separation into water-soluble and water-insoluble components.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a high yield of sugar alcohols containing five to six carbon atoms from cellulose-containing materials. In a first step the starting materials (for example microcrystalline cellulose, alpha-cellulose, wood and cellulose-containing residues, such as sugar cane bagasse or wood shavings) and an acid are brought into close contact with the substrates by a impregnation carried out in the liquid or gaseous phase. In addition, in a second step the starting materials impregnated with acid and preferably dried are brought into contact by the action of mechanical energy, such that the cellulose-containing materials are degraded into water-soluble products. Subsequently, in a third step, sugar alcohols having five to six carbon atoms are obtained in a high yield and in high selectivity from the water-soluble products in aqueous solution by hydrolytic hydrogenation by means of a metal-containing catalyst under hydrogen pressure.
Abstract:
The invention relates to surfactants of the formula (I), in which R1 stands for —H or —CH3; R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 independently stand for —H, —CH3, —CH2CH3, —CH2CH2CH3, —CH(CH3)2, —CH2CH2CH2CH3, —CH2CH(CH3)2, —CH(CH3)CH2CH3, —C(CH3)3, —OH, —OCH3, —OCH2CH3, —OCH2CH2CH3, —OCH(CH3)2, a linear or branched alkyl group containing 8 to 20 C atoms, or —SO3−X+; X+ stands for a monovalent cation or the nth part of an n-valent cation; exactly one radical R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 stands for —SO3−X+; and exactly one radical R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 stands for a linear or branched alkyl radical containing 8 to 20 C atoms.
Abstract:
The present invention refers to a process for preparing amines comprising reacting a compound of the formula R1—CO—R2 comprising a carbonyl moiety with a amine compound of the formula HNR3R4 and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst.
Abstract translation:本发明涉及一种制备胺的方法,包括在催化剂存在下使包含羰基部分的式R 1 -CO 2 R的化合物与式HNR 3 R 4的胺化合物和一氧化碳反应。
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the asymmetric oxidation of nucleophilic organic compounds, particularly metal-free, with peroxide compounds in the presence of a chiral Brønsted acid catalyst. In one detail, the present invention relates to a process for enantioselective sulfoxidation of thiocompounds with peroxide compounds in the presence of a chiral imidodiphosphate catalyst. In another detail, the present invention relates to a process for enantioselective sulfoxidation of thiocompounds with peroxide compounds in the presence of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst.
Abstract:
A method is disclosed for the acid-catalyzed oligomerization of monosaccharides and/or disaccharides in which monosaccharides or disaccharides are subjected to a mechanical treatment in the presence of an inorganic and/or organic acid. During said process, a catalytic conversion of the monosaccharides or disaccharides takes place.
Abstract:
WHEREIN R and R'' are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or R and R'' are taken together with said N to form a closed ring.
A composition useful as an oligomerization catalyst said composition comprising at least one O-valent nickel compound and an amine of the formula
Abstract:
PROCESS FOR ISOMERIZING OLEFINS BY SUBJECTING AN ISOMERIC MIXTURE OF AT LEAST ONE OLEFIN TO CONTACT AT LOW TEMPERATURES FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME WITH AN $-ALLYL NICKEL COMPOUND, A LEWIS ACID AND A PHOSPHINE.
Abstract:
PROCESS OF CYCLOCOOLIGOMERIZATION OF TWO DIFFERENT CONJUGATED DIENES TO PRODUCE ALICYCLIC PRODUCTS HAVING AT LEAST 8 CARBON ATOMS IN THE RING, AT LEAST TWO LOCATIONS OF OLEFINIC UNSATURATION IN THE RING, AND AT LEAST ONE SUBSTITUENT PENDENT FROM THE RING, WHICH PROCESS CYCLOCOOLIGOMERIZES THE TWO DIFFERENT CONJUGATED DIENES IN CONTACT WITH A CARBONYL-FREE, ZERO VALENT NICKEL COMPOUND CATALYST. MANY OF THE NEW PRODUCTS THUS FORMED BY THIS PROCESS ARE DESCRIBED, CHARACTERIZED, AND CLAIMED.