Abstract:
In a semiconductor device having a bonding pad structure of a multilayered wiring structure comprising a first wiring layer and a second wiring layers which is located over the first wiring layer and an interlayer insulation layer between the wiring layers which has an electrically conductive component so as to electrically connect the wiring layers, the bonding pad structure is such that no crack is formed in the interlayer insulation layer during wire bonding. The bonding pad structure is so arranged that an area of the first wiring layer area is smaller than that of the second wiring layer or the first wiring layer is formed outside a bonding region of the second wiring layer under the second wiring layer.
Abstract:
A driving method of a matrix type liquid crystal display element including at least J.times.L (J and L are respectively integers of 2 or more) row electrodes and a plural number of column electrodes wherein the J.times.L row electrodes are divided into J row electrode subgroups each including n row electrodes so that the subgroups are selected as each batch to be driven. When voltages are applied to the row electrodes, either a voltage level of +V.sub.r or -V.sub.r (where V.sub.r >0) is applied at a selection time, when a voltage at a non-selection time is 0 (zero). Voltages applied to the column electrodes are selected from (L+1) voltage levels of V.sub.0, V.sub.1, . . . , V.sub.L (where V.sub.0
Abstract:
A charging member for use in a contact charging device which charges a charge-receiving member such as a photosensitive drum in a copier or printer by applying a voltage to the charging member and contacting the charging member to the charge-receiving member. The charging member includes at least an elastic layer and a surface layer disposed thereon which contacts the charge-receiving member. The surface layer includes at least a semiconductive resin and an insulating metal oxide contained in the semiconductive resin, and the surface layer has a maximum height of surface roughness (Rmax) of 10 .mu.m to 100 .mu.m.
Abstract:
A driving method of a matrix type liquid crystal display element comprising at least J.times.L number (J subgroup) of row electrodes and a plurality of column electrodes. When information of the j-th row electrode subgroup in a specified column is expressed by a column vector D.sub.j having an L number of elements, the following conditions are satisfied: (1) and j-th row electrode subgroup is selected so that the elements of a selection voltage vector which constitute a selection voltage matrix in which the product of a matrix and a transposed matrix of the same assumes a scalar multiple of the unit matrix is selected, and the selection voltage matrix comprising election voltage vectors arranged in a matrix are selected, and (2) when the j-th row electrode subgroup is selected, the voltage applied to the column electrodes to indicate a display information by means of the vector D.sub.j are determined as in the following items (a) and (b): (a) a vector .beta. is formed by the selection voltages applied to the j-th row electrode subgroup, and (b) a voltage V.sub.i (i=D, 1 . . . L) given by the sum of exclusive OR of the elements corresponding to the vectors .beta. and D.sub.j is applied to the column electrodes.
Abstract:
A photoconductive device having a photoconductive layer which includes an amorphous semiconductor layer capable of charge multiplication in at least a part thereof is disclosed. The method of operating such a photoconductive device is also disclosed. By using the avalanche effect of the amorphous semiconductor layer, it is possible to realize a highly sensitive photoconductive device while maintaining low lag property.
Abstract:
A photoconductive device having a photoconductive layer which includes an amorphous semiconductor layer capable of charge multiplication in at least a part thereof is disclosed. The method of operating such a photoconductive device is also disclosed. By using the avalanche effect of the amorphous semiconductor layer, it is possible to realize a highly sensitive photoconductive device while maintaining low lag property.
Abstract:
In a tire tread pattern in which a plurality of block patterns are disposed on a tire tread surface in the circumferential direction and their pitch lengths are varied, lug grooves inside of said block patterns extend in the direction of a grounding width, and their angles relative to the direction of grounding width are varied in accordance with the change of the pitch lengths of said block patterns.
Abstract:
A pneumatic radial tire having a block pattern asymmetric about the right and left portions on the ground-contacting portion of the tire which has a specific area ratio of grooves and a specific angle of subgrooves on the ground-contacting portion of the tire.
Abstract:
When paraffins having a chain of 10 - 40 carbon atoms are reacted with gaseous oxygen in the presence of a manganese bearing catalyst, manganese is present in the oxidation mixture partly as a solute in the liquid mixture, and partly as a sludge. When the oxidation mixture is extracted with a dilute mineral acid, practically the entire manganese values present in the mixture are found in the aqueous extract which is free of significant amounts of organic matter. When a more concentrated aqueous acid is used in the extraction, practically the entire manganese values present are converted to a precipitate which is readily recovered and may be dissolved in water for further processing.