摘要:
The methods practiced in an electrochemical deposition apparatus with two or more electrodes, described in earlier inventions, are disclosed. The methods produce uniform copper films with WFNU less than 2.5% on semiconductor wafers bearing a resistive copper seed layer with a thickness ranging from 50 to 9O0 A in a copper sulfate based electrolyte whose conductivity is between 0.02 to 0.8 S/cm.
摘要:
The invention discloses a low-cost apparatus for chemical solution preparation with controlled process parameters such as chemical age, temperature, yield of active ingredients at the point of use. In addition, this apparatus provides chamber-to-chamber consistency on these parameters across multiple processing chambers on a single wafer wet-clean system. The invention also discloses a method to use chemical solution mixture resident time to achieve optimal combined effect of temperature, reactivity and yield of active ingredients of chemical solution mixture for best wafer treatment results.
摘要:
A method of diagnosing operation of a turbo speed sensor that monitors a turbocharger in an internal combustion engine system includes determining whether the engine system is operating in one of a high speed and a low speed range and determining a threshold turbo speed value based on whether engine system is operating in one of the high speed and the low speed range. An actual turbo speed value of the turbocharger is monitored based on a signal generated by the turbo speed sensor. The actual turbo speed value is compared to the threshold turbo speed value and a diagnostic signal is generated based on the step of comparing.
摘要:
A temperature sensor rationality control system for an exhaust treatment system having an oxidation catalyst includes an oxidation catalyst inlet temperature sensor that generates an inlet temperature signal and an oxidation catalyst outlet temperature sensor that generates an outlet temperature signal. A control module determines whether a difference based on the inlet temperature signal and the outlet temperature signal is below a difference threshold when an exhaust temperature is within a threshold range.
摘要:
An optical focusing device for focusing an incident optical beam onto a focal plane, as a focal spot. The optical focusing device includes an incident central refractive facet upon which an optical beam impinges, and a high-index glass body through which the incident optical beam passes toward a bottom reflective surface. The bottom reflective surface reflects the optical beam through the body, toward a peripheral reflector. The peripheral reflector focuses the optical beam toward a focal plane on which the focal spot is formed. The focal plane is defined within a pedestal that forms part of the optical focusing device, and that extends from the bottom reflective surface. The central facet is conically shaped for refracting the incident optical beam away from the pedestal, onto the bottom reflective surface. The peripheral reflector surrounds the central facet and can have various appropriate shapes, such as an aspherical shape or a tilted parabolic shape, which compensates for the conical factor and aberrations introduced by the central facet. The top surface includes the central facet and the peripheral facet, and can be made substantially flat using diffractive optical elements or Fresnel optics.
摘要:
A method of making and self-aligning a disk data storage read/write head that uses a catadioptric focusing device (or lens) having a high numerical aperture (NA), which does not introduce significant spot aberration on a storage medium. The manufacturing process of the head is carried out at a wafer level, and is facilitated significantly by the flatness of the focusing device. An exemplary manufacturing process is implemented as follows: A lens coil/plate is formed by molding a flat optical substrate to form the desired lens shapes. Coil cavities or depressions are formed simultaneously with the lens to accommodate a coil. Conductive plugs are formed in proximity to cutting lines for wire bonding attachment to the coil. A slider wafer is formed and bonded to the lens/coil wafer. Coils and pedestals are also formed on the lens/coil plate using thin-film processing techniques, and reflective surfaces are deposited on the bottom surface of the substrate, opposite the lens. The focusing device includes an incident surface, a reflective surface, a focal pedestal, and a body. The incident surface is generally flat and is comprised of a central diffractive, optically transmissive surface and a peripheral reflector. The peripheral reflector is comprised of a reflective-diffractive surface, or alternatively, a reflective-kinoform phase profile.
摘要:
An apparatus for substrate metallization from electrolyte is provided. The apparatus comprises: an immersion cell containing metal salt electrolyte; at least one electrode connecting to at least one power supply; an electrically conductive substrate holder holding at least one substrate to expose a conductive side of the substrate to face the at least one electrode; an oscillating actuator for oscillating the substrate holder with an amplitude and a frequency; at least one ultrasonic device with an operating frequency and an intensity, disposed in the metallization apparatus; at least one ultrasonic power generator connecting to the ultrasonic device; at least one inlet for metal slat electrolyte feeding; and at least one outlet for metal salt electrolyte draining.
摘要:
The present invention relates to methods and compositions for detecting, evaluating, and/or mapping 5-methyl-modified and/or 5-hydroxylmethyl-modified cytosine bases within a nucleic acid molecule.
摘要:
The present invention provides an apparatus and method for rapid and uniform thermal treatment of semiconductor workpieces in two closely arranged thermal treatment chambers with a retractable door between them. The retractable door moves in between two thermal treatment chambers during heating or cooling process, and additional heating and cooling sources are provided for double-side thermal treatment of the semiconductor workpiece.
摘要:
The present invention relates generally to the field of molecular biology. More particularly, it concerns methods and compositions for detecting, evaluating, and/or mapping 5-hydroxymethyl-modified cytosine bases within a nucleic acid molecule.