摘要:
Methods of fabricating phase change memory elements include forming an insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate, forming a through hole penetrating the insulating layer, forming a lower electrode in the through hole and forming a recess having a sidewall comprising a portion of the insulating layer by selectively etching a surface of the lower electrode relative to the insulating layer. A phase change memory layer is formed on the lower electrode. The phase change memory layer has a portion confined by the recess and surrounded by the insulating layer. An upper electrode is formed on the phase change memory layer. Phase change memory elements are also provided.
摘要:
A semiconductor device protecting the ends of a gate line and a method of forming the same are disclosed. The semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate, a gate line crossing over the semiconductor substrate, and a protecting pattern covering ends of the gate line. According to the method, a gate line is formed at a semiconductor substrate. A spacer is formed to cover sidewalls of the gate line. A protecting pattern is formed to cover the ends of the gate line. The protecting pattern may be formed of silicon nitride or silicon oxide. Since the protecting pattern protects ends of a gate line, it is possible to prevent gate electrodes from being damaged by a cleaning solution such as SC1 in a subsequent process.
摘要:
The present Invention is to provide a novel strain, Candida magnoliae (KCCM-10252) producing mannitol isolated from the fermentation sludge collected from a xylitol manufacturing company, and further a method for manufacturing mannitol with high yield and high productivity by optimizing various culture conditions and medium composition using the new strain, Candida magnoliae.
摘要:
A MOS transistor that includes: a semiconductor substrate; a well region formed in the semiconductor substrate, where a trench region is defined in the well region; an isolator formed on a corner of the trench region, where the trench region is filled with polysilicon; a gate conductor formed over the trench region; and source/drain regions formed within the well region laterally aligned to the gate conductor. A suitable method to form the MOS transistor includes the acts of: forming a well region in a semiconductor substrate; forming a trench region in the well region; forming an isolator in a corner of the trench region; filling the trench region with polysilicon; forming a gate conductor formed over the trench region; and forming source/drain regions within the well region on opposite sides of the gate conductor.
摘要:
A digital sound generating apparatus and sound generating method therefor is disclosed including a CPU interface for exchanging information with a CPU controlling the generation of a sound, a slot memory for storing various control parameters of the sound to be generated, a slot assigner for providing slot information for generating a new sound to the CPU when the new sound is generated, a data processor for executing an operation to reproduce an original sound using the various parameters of the slot memory, and a volume controller for receiving the information of the slot memory and the slot assigner to control the volume of the original sound.
摘要:
Provided are a magnetic memory device and a method of forming the same. The magnetic memory device includes a magnetic tunnel junction pattern located on a substrate and including magnetic patterns and a tunnel barrier pattern located between the magnetic patterns, and a first crystallinity conserving pattern located on the magnetic tunnel junction pattern and having a higher crystallization temperature than the magnetic patterns. The first crystallinity conserving pattern is amorphous.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method for producing a furan-based compound using an ion exchange resin in the presence of an organic solvent. In the method for producing a furan-based compound according to the present invention, a furan-based compound is made from an aldose-type hexose compound in the presence of an organic solvent by using an anion exchange resin and a cation exchange resin. Thus, the aldose-type hexose compound obtained from biomass by simultaneously or consecutively using the anion/cation exchange resins as catalysts can be made into 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) or alkyl ether derivatives thereof such as 5-alkoxymethyl-2-furfural (AMF) without using an expensive reagent. Also, since the selection of an organic solvent is not limitative and a heterogeneous catalyst can be used, separation and purification is easy and chemically stable AMF can be directly obtained. Further, the conversion efficiency of the aldose-type hexose compound is excellent, and the hexose compound can be used at a high concentration.
摘要:
A MRAM device may include a fixed layer pattern on a substrate, a first tunnel barrier layer pattern on the fixed layer pattern, a free layer pattern on the first tunnel barrier layer pattern, a second tunnel barrier layer pattern on the free layer pattern, the second tunnel barrier layer pattern including a metal oxide, and a capping layer pattern on the second tunnel barrier layer pattern. The capping layer pattern including a metal may have an oxide layer formation energy lower than the oxide layer formation energy of tantalum.
摘要:
Provided herein is a photocurable dianhydrohexanehexol derivative, a method preparing the same, and a composition including the same, for example, to a photocurable compound derived from environmentally friendly biomass, the compound having a structure where a 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPM) functional group prepared by reacting a biomass derived dianhydrohexanehexol (1,4:3,6-dianhydro-d-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol, DHH) compound under an optimal reaction condition is combined, a preparing method thereof, and a photocurable composition comprising the photocurable compound.
摘要:
The present disclosure relates to an acid catalyst composition for producing 5-chloromethyl-2-furfural from galactan derived from seaweed and a method for producing 5-chloromethyl-2-furfural from galactan derived from seaweed on a two component phase using the acid catalyst, the acid catalyst composition for producing 5-chloromethyl-2-furfural from galactan derived from seaweed including organic solvent and dilute hydrochloric acid, a concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid being 4N to 8N (normal).According to the present disclosure, there is an advantage of converting 5-chloromethyl-2-furfural from galactan derived from seaweed by means of a single process by mixing dilute hydrochloric acid and organic solvent by an optimal ratio, unlike conventional methods for producing 5-chloromethyl-2-furfural that had to go through a multi-phase process of preconditioning and saccharification.