摘要:
Disclosed are highly efficient multiphoton absorbing compounds and methods of their use. The compounds generally include a bridge of pi-conjugated bonds connecting electron donating groups or electron accepting groups. The bridge may be substituted with a variety of substituents as well. Solubility, lipophilicity, absorption maxima and other characteristics of the compounds may be tailored by changing the electron donating groups or electron accepting groups, the substituents attached to or the length of the pi-conjugated bridge. Numerous photophysical and photochemical methods are enabled by converting these compounds to electronically excited states upon simultaneous absorption of at least two photons of radiation. The compounds have large two-photon or higher-order absorptivities such that upon absorption, one or more Lewis acidic species, Lewis basic species, radical species or ionic species are formed.
摘要:
A wafer chuck for use in a lithographic apparatus, which includes a low-thermal expansion glass ceramic substrate, a silicon silicon carbide layer, and a bonding layer comprising silicate having a strength of at least about 5 megapascals, the bonding layer attaching the silicon silicon carbide layer to the substrate is described. Also, a method of forming a wafer chuck for use in a lithographic apparatus, which includes coating a portion of one or both of a low-thermal expansion glass ceramic substrate and a silicon silicon carbide layer with a bonding solution, and contacting the substrate and the silicon silicon carbide layer to bond the substrate and the silicon silicon carbide layer together is described.
摘要:
A method for protecting a wet lens element from liquid degradation is provided. The method includes applying a thin coating of an organoxy-metallic compound to the side portions of a wet lens element to leave behind an optically inert, light absorbing metal oxide film. A liquid shield coating is applied on top of the metal oxide coating. The two coating layers protect the wet lens element from liquid degradation when the side portion of the wet lens element is submerged into a liquid. In an embodiment, the wet lens element is an immersion lithography wet lens element and the liquid is an immersion lithography liquid.
摘要:
A wafer chuck for use in a lithographic apparatus, which includes a low-thermal expansion glass ceramic substrate, a silicon silicon carbide layer, and a bonding layer comprising silicate having a strength of at least about 5 megapascals, the bonding layer attaching the silicon silicon carbide layer to the substrate is described. Also, a method of forming a wafer chuck for use in a lithographic apparatus, which includes coating a portion of one or both of a low-thermal expansion glass ceramic substrate and a silicon silicon carbide layer with a bonding solution, and contacting the substrate and the silicon silicon carbide layer to bond the substrate and the silicon silicon carbide layer together is described.
摘要:
A system and method include a pattern generating portion that is used to pattern an object via a projection system. The pattern generating portion includes active and inactive areas. The pattern generating portion patterns light traveling towards the active areas and the projection system projects the patterned light onto the object. The pattern generating portion directs light traveling towards inactive areas away from the object.
摘要:
An optical storage system and method having separate, independent format hologram writing and data writing mechanisms to allow optimization of data writing separately from format hologram recording. In its most general terms, the invention comprises an optical medium having a first, photoactive material responsive to a first, format hologram recording condition and a second photo-active material, responsive to a second, data writing condition, which is dispersed or dissolved in the first photoactive material. The second photoactive material may additionally be “erasable” under a third, erasing condition. The second photoactive material is preferably in the form of microparticles, microdroplets or microcapsules which are dispersed throughout the first photoactive material. The format hologram is recorded in the first photoactive material when the optical medium is subject to the first, format hologram recording condition, and the data writing is subsequently carried out separately, in connection with the second photoactive material, under the second, data writing condition. The separate format hologram recording and bit writing functions provided by the diferent conditions make them orthogonal.
摘要:
A method for protecting a wet lens element from liquid degradation is provided. The method includes applying a thin coating of an organoxy-metallic compound to the side portions of a wet lens element to leave behind an optically inert, light absorbing metal oxide film. A liquid shield coating is applied on top of the metal oxide coating. The two coating layers protect the wet lens element from liquid degradation when the side portion of the wet lens element is submerged into a liquid. In an embodiment, the wet lens element is an immersion lithography wet lens element and the liquid is an immersion lithography liquid.
摘要:
A fluid system to provide a fluid including liquid in a part of a lithographic apparatus, the fluid system including a manifold to mix a first liquid component and a second component to form the fluid in the part of the lithographic apparatus, a controller to control a physical property of the fluid by controlling the amount of the first and/or second component used to form the fluid, and a measuring device to measure a property of the fluid and to make feedback available to the controller, wherein the controller is configured to control the physical property of the fluid based on the measured property.
摘要:
A lithographic projection apparatus is disclosed for use with an immersion liquid positioned between the projection system and a substrate. Several methods and mechanism are disclosed to protect components of the projection system, substrate table and a liquid confinement system. These include providing a protective coating on a final element of the projection system as well as providing one or more sacrificial bodies upstream of the components. A two component final optical element of CaF2 is also disclosed.
摘要:
Systems and methods are used to modify a layer on a substrate that is used to form a pattern generator, so that light reflecting from the modified substrate has a trapezoidal or other custom profile. The layer is modified using various vapor deposition techniques in conjunction with moving or positioning the substrate a desired distance from a blocking device and/or at a desired rate or speed.