公开(公告)号：US08916731B2

公开(公告)日：2014-12-23

申请号：US12834679

申请日：2010-07-12

申请人： Justin Pendleton ,  Sai Bhavaraju

发明人： Justin Pendleton ,  Sai Bhavaraju

IPC分类号： C07C41/09 ,  C07C29/70 ,  C07C41/01 ,  C07C37/66

CPC分类号： C07C41/01 ,  C07C29/70 ,  C07C37/66 ,  C07C31/30 ,  C07C39/235 ,  C07C43/257 ,  C07C43/03

摘要： A dialkyl or diaryl ether is produced by reacting carbon dioxide with a metal alcoholate having the formula, M(RO)x, where “M” is a Group 1, Group 2, or Group 3 metal; “x” is the valence of the metal M; “R” is a C1 to C6 lower alkyl or aryl, wherein the reaction produces a dialkyl or diaryl ether having a formula, R—O—R, and a metal carbonate having a formula M2CO3 where M is a Group 1 metal, MCO3 where M is a Group 2 metal, and M2(CO3)3 where M is a Group 3 metal. The metal carbonate may be removed by conventional means, such as filtration. The dialkyl or diaryl ether may be recovered and used as a fuel, fuel additive, propellant, or building block for other fuels or petrochemicals. In some cases the metal alcoholate is in an alcohol solution and the alcohol and metal carbonate are recycled to regenerate the metal alcoholate. A specific example of dimethyl ether production is disclosed.

摘要翻译： 通过使二氧化碳与具有式M（RO）x的金属醇化物反应制备二烷基或二芳基醚，其中“M”为第1族，第2族或第3族金属; “x”是金属M的化合价; “R”是C1至C6低级烷基或芳基，其中该反应产生具有式R-O-R的二烷基或二芳基醚和具有式M2CO3的金属碳酸盐，其中M是第1族金属，MCO3， M是2族金属，M2（CO3）3，其中M是第3族金属。 金属碳酸盐可以通过常规方法如过滤除去。 可以回收二烷基醚或二芳基醚，并将其用作燃料，燃料添加剂，推进剂或其它燃料或石化产品的结构单元。 在一些情况下，金属醇化物在醇溶液中，并且将醇和金属碳酸盐再循环以再生金属醇化物。 公开了二甲醚生产的具体实例。

公开(公告)号：US20140190820A1

公开(公告)日：2014-07-10

申请号：US13734416

申请日：2013-01-04

申请人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  Sai Bhavaraju

发明人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  Sai Bhavaraju

IPC分类号： A61L2/18 ,  C25B9/00

CPC分类号： A61L2/18 ,  A61L2/186 ,  A61L2/22 ,  C25B9/00 ,  C25B9/08 ,  Y10T428/13

摘要： An apparatus for cleaning and/or disinfecting a surface or object is disclosed. In one embodiment, such an apparatus includes a container that is refillable with water. A sparingly soluble solid is provided in the container and is positioned to contact the water. The sparingly soluble solid slightly dissolves in the water to form a dilute solution that acts as a cleaning and/or disinfecting solution. The sparingly soluble solid is provided in a quantity sufficient to last several refills of the container.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于清洁和/或消毒表面或物体的设备。 在一个实施例中，这种装置包括可再填充水的容器。 在容器中提供微溶的固体并定位成与水接触。 微溶的固体稍微溶解在水中以形成用作清洁和/或消毒溶液的稀释溶液。 提供的微溶固体的量足以使容器的几次再填充。

公开(公告)号：US08647492B2

公开(公告)日：2014-02-11

申请号：US12840913

申请日：2010-07-21

申请人： Mukund Karanjikar ,  Sai Bhavaraju ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  Pallavi Chitta ,  David Joel Hunt

发明人： Mukund Karanjikar ,  Sai Bhavaraju ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  Pallavi Chitta ,  David Joel Hunt

IPC分类号： C25B3/10 ,  C25B3/00

CPC分类号： C10G3/40 ,  C10G3/45 ,  C10G3/47 ,  C10G3/50 ,  C10G2300/1014 ,  C10G2300/1018 ,  C10G2300/44 ,  C10G2400/04 ,  C12P7/54 ,  C25B3/00 ,  C25B3/10 ,  C25B9/08 ,  Y02E50/343 ,  Y02P30/20

摘要： A method that produces coupled radical products from biomass. The method involves obtaining a lipid or carboxylic acid material from the biomass. This material may be a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, a triglyceride of a carboxylic acid, or a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, or any other fatty acid derivative. This lipid material or carboxylic acid material is converted into an alkali metal salt. The alkali metal salt is then used in an anolyte as part of an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell may include an alkali ion conducting membrane (such as a NaSICON membrane). When the cell is operated, the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid decarboxylates and forms radicals. Such radicals are then bonded to other radicals, thereby producing a coupled radical product such as a hydrocarbon. The produced hydrocarbon may be, for example, saturated, unsaturated, branched, or unbranched, depending upon the starting material.

摘要翻译： 从生物质产生偶联的自由基产物的方法。 该方法包括从生物质获得脂质或羧酸物质。 该材料可以是羧酸，羧酸的酯，羧酸的甘油三酸酯，或羧酸的金属盐，或任何其它的脂肪酸衍生物。 将该脂质物质或羧酸物质转化为碱金属盐。 然后将碱金属盐用作阳极电解液作为电解池的一部分。 电解池可以包括碱离子传导膜（例如NaSICON膜）。 当电池操作时，羧酸的碱金属盐脱羧并形成自由基。 然后将这些基团与其它基团键合，由此产生偶联的基团产物如烃。 取决于起始原料，生成的烃可以是例如饱和的，不饱和的，支链的或非支链的。

公开(公告)号：US08382974B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-26

申请号：US12706125

申请日：2010-02-16

申请人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton ,  Peter Wall

发明人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton ,  Peter Wall

IPC分类号： G01N27/26

CPC分类号： G01N27/49

摘要： A sodium sensor to measure a concentration of sodium methylate in methanol. The sensor assembly includes a solid alkali ion conducting membrane, a reference electrode, and a measurement electrode. The solid alkali ion conducting membrane transports ions between two alkali-containing solutions, including an aqueous solution and a non-aqueous solution. The reference electrode is at least partially within an alkali halide solution of a known alkali concentration on a first side of the solid alkali ion conducting membrane. The measurement electrode is on a second side of the solid alkali ion conducting membrane. The measurement electrode exhibits a measurable electrical characteristic corresponding to a measured alkali concentration within the non-aqueous solution, to which the measurement electrode is exposed.

摘要翻译： 用于测量甲醇钠甲醇浓度的钠传感器。 传感器组件包括固体碱离子传导膜，参比电极和测量电极。 固体碱离子导电膜在两种含碱溶液之间输送离子，包括水溶液和非水溶液。 参考电极至少部分地在固体碱离子传导膜的第一侧上已知碱浓度的碱金属卤化物溶液中。 测量电极位于固体碱离子传导膜的第二侧。 测量电极显示对应于测量电极暴露于其中的非水溶液内测量的碱浓度的可测量的电特性。

公开(公告)号：US20120235644A1

公开(公告)日：2012-09-20

申请号：US13466844

申请日：2012-05-08

申请人： John Howard Gordon ,  Sai Bhavaraju

发明人： John Howard Gordon ,  Sai Bhavaraju

IPC分类号： H01M10/24 ,  H01M4/40 ,  H02J7/00 ,  H01M4/58 ,  H01M4/38 ,  H01M6/00 ,  H01M2/16 ,  H01M4/48

CPC分类号： H01M10/36 ,  H01M10/39 ,  Y10T29/49108

摘要： A battery having a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode is made of metal and the second electrode is made of an oxidized material that is capable of being electrochemically reduced by the metal of the first electrode. An alkali-ion conductive, substantially non-porous separator is disposed between the first and second electrode. A first electrolyte contacts the first electrode. The first electrolyte includes a solvent which is non-reactive with the metal, and a salt bearing an alkali ion that may be conducted through the separator, wherein the salt is at least partially soluble in the solvent. A second electrolyte is also used. The second electrolyte contacts the second electrode. The second electrolyte at least partially dissolves the salt that forms upon the oxidized material being electrochemically reduced.

摘要翻译： 一种具有第一电极和第二电极的电池。 第一电极由金属制成，第二电极由能够被第一电极的金属电化学还原的氧化材料制成。 在第一和第二电极之间设置碱离子传导的基本上无孔的隔离物。 第一电解质接触第一电极。 第一电解质包括与金属不反应的溶剂，以及含有可通过隔膜导入的碱离子的盐，其中该盐至少部分地可溶于溶剂。 还使用第二电解质。 第二电解质接触第二电极。 第二电解质至少部分地溶解在电化学还原的氧化物上形成的盐。

公开(公告)号：US20120123168A1

公开(公告)日：2012-05-17

申请号：US13357463

申请日：2012-01-24

申请人： Sai Bhavaraju

发明人： Sai Bhavaraju

IPC分类号： C07C45/61 ,  C25B9/08 ,  C25B3/00 ,  C07C31/02 ,  C07C31/18

CPC分类号： C25B9/08 ,  C07C51/00 ,  C07C51/09 ,  C07C51/41 ,  C07C51/412 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C25B3/00 ,  C25B3/02 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P30/20 ,  C07C59/185 ,  C07C53/126 ,  C07C59/125

摘要： Hydrocarbons may be formed from six carbon sugars. This process involves obtaining a quantity of a hexose sugar. The hexose sugar may be derived from biomass. The hexose sugar is reacted to form an alkali metal levulinate, an alkali metal valerate, an alkali metal 5-hydroxy pentanoate, or an alkali metal 5-alkoxy pentanoate. An anolyte is then prepared for use in a electrolytic cell. The anolyte contains the alkali metal levulinate, the alkali metal valerate, the alkali metal 5-hydroxy pentanoate, or the alkali metal 5-alkoxy pentanoate. The anolyte is then decarboxylated. This decarboxylating operates to decarboxylate the alkali metal levulinate, the alkali metal valerate, the alkali metal 5-hydroxy pentanoate, or the alkali metal 5-alkoxy pentanoate to form radicals, wherein the radicals react to form a hydrocarbon fuel compound.

摘要翻译： 碳氢化合物可以由六个碳糖形成。 该方法包括获得一定量的己糖。 己糖可以来自生物质。 使己糖反应形成碱金属乙酰丙酸盐，碱金属戊酸盐，碱金属5-羟基戊酸盐或碱金属5-烷氧基戊酸盐。 然后制备用于电解池的阳极电解液。 阳极电解液含有乙酰丙酸碱金属盐，碱金属戊酸盐，碱金属5-羟基戊酸盐或碱金属5-烷氧基戊酸盐。 然后将阳极电解液脱羧。 该脱羧作用使碱金属乙酰丙酸盐，碱金属戊酸盐，碱金属5-羟基戊酸盐或碱金属5-烷氧基戊酸酯脱羧，形成自由基，其中自由基反应形成烃燃料化合物。

公开(公告)号：US20120085657A1

公开(公告)日：2012-04-12

申请号：US13253771

申请日：2011-10-05

申请人： Sai Bhavaraju

发明人： Sai Bhavaraju

IPC分类号： C25B15/08 ,  C25B1/26 ,  C25B9/08

CPC分类号： C25B9/08 ,  C25B1/26 ,  C25B1/46 ,  C25B13/04 ,  C25B15/08

摘要： An electrochemical cell having a cation-conductive ceramic membrane and an acidic anolyte. Generally, the cell includes an anolyte compartment and a catholyte compartment that are separated by a cation-conductive membrane. A diffusion barrier is disposed in the anolyte compartment between the membrane and an anode. In some cases, a catholyte is channeled into a space between the barrier and the membrane. In other cases, a chemical that maintains an acceptably high pH adjacent the membrane is channeled between the barrier and the membrane. In still other cases, some of the catholyte is channeled between the barrier and the membrane while another portion of the catholyte is channeled between the barrier and the anode. In each case, the barrier and the chemicals channeled between the barrier and the membrane help maintain the pH of the liquid contacting the anolyte side of the membrane at an acceptably high level.

摘要翻译： 具有阳离子导电陶瓷膜和酸性阳极电解液的电化学电池。 通常，电池包括由阳离子导电膜分离的阳极电解液室和阴极电解液室。 在膜和阳极之间的阳极电解液室中设置扩散阻挡层。 在一些情况下，阴极电解液被引导到屏障和膜之间的空间中。 在其他情况下，在隔膜和膜之间引导保持邻近膜的可接受的高pH的化学品。 在其他情况下，一些阴极电解液被引导在屏障和膜之间，而另一部分阴极电解液被引导在屏障和阳极之间。 在每种情况下，阻挡层和介于屏障和膜之间的化学物质有助于使液体的阳极液侧接触的液体的pH保持在可接受的高水平。

公开(公告)号：US20110015419A1

公开(公告)日：2011-01-20

申请号：US12836224

申请日：2010-07-14

申请人： Justin Pendleton ,  Sai Bhavaraju ,  Kean Duffey

发明人： Justin Pendleton ,  Sai Bhavaraju ,  Kean Duffey

IPC分类号： C11B3/02

CPC分类号： C11C3/003 ,  C10G2300/1011 ,  C10L1/026 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P30/20

摘要： Systems and methods for using carbon dioxide to remove an alkali catalyst and to recover free carboxylic acids after a transesterification reaction are disclosed. Generally, the methods include first providing a mixture resulting from the transesterification of an ester, wherein the mixture includes substances selected from the alkali catalyst, an alcohol, and a transesterification reaction product such as biodiesel. Second, the methods generally include adding carbon dioxide to the mixture. In some cases, adding the carbon dioxide to the mixture causes the alkali catalyst to convert into an alkali carbonate and/or an alkali bicarbonate. In other cases, adding the carbon dioxide to the mixture causes the carboxylic acid alkali salt to convert into a free carboxylic acid. In either case, the alkali carbonate, the alkali bicarbonate, and/or the free carboxylic acid can be separated from the mixture in any suitable manner.

摘要翻译： 公开了在酯交换反应之后使用二氧化碳去除碱催化剂和回收游离羧酸的系统和方法。 通常，所述方法包括首先提供由酯的酯交换得到的混合物，其中所述混合物包括选自碱催化剂，醇和酯交换反应产物如生物柴油的物质。 第二，方法通常包括向混合物中加入二氧化碳。 在一些情况下，向混合物中加入二氧化碳使得碱催化剂转化为碱金属碳酸盐和/或碱式碳酸氢盐。 在其他情况下，向混合物中加入二氧化碳使得羧酸碱金属盐转化为游离羧酸。 在任一种情况下，碱金属碳酸盐，碱金属碳酸氢盐和/或游离羧酸可以以任何合适的方式与混合物分离。

公开(公告)号：US07658156B2

公开(公告)日：2010-02-09

申请号：US12100982

申请日：2008-04-10

申请人： Truman Wold ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  Sai Bhavaraju

发明人： Truman Wold ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  Sai Bhavaraju

IPC分类号： A01C23/02

CPC分类号： A01G27/006 ,  A01G29/00

摘要： An apparatus for delivering a beneficial agent to a subterranean location is disclosed in one embodiment of the invention as including a water collection chamber having a substantially open end. A water-transporting membrane is provided to communicate with the water collection chamber. An extraction chamber receives water through the water-transporting membrane, expanding the extraction chamber. A dispensing chamber, containing a beneficial agent such as fertilizer, is configured to contract upon expanding the extraction chamber. This causes the dispensing chamber to expel the beneficial agent through a subterranean delivery channel, such as a rigid hollow spike. In certain embodiments, a rate adjustment mechanism may control the rate that water is received through the water-transporting membrane, thereby controlling the rate the beneficial agent is expelled from the subterranean delivery channel.

摘要翻译： 在本发明的一个实施例中公开了一种用于将有益剂递送到地下位置的装置，包括具有基本开口端的水收集室。 提供水输送膜以与收集室连通。 提取室通过水输送膜接收水，使提取室膨胀。 包含有益剂例如肥料的分配室被构造成在膨胀提取室时收缩。 这使得分配室通过地下输送通道（例如刚性中空尖峰）排出有益剂。 在某些实施方案中，速率调节机构可以控制通过水输送膜接收水的速率，从而控制有益剂从地下输送通道排出的速率。

公开(公告)号：US20090216204A1

公开(公告)日：2009-08-27

申请号：US12341832

申请日：2008-12-22

申请人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Troy C. Dayton ,  John Howard Gordon ,  Jeremy Heiser ,  Ashok V. Joshi

发明人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Troy C. Dayton ,  John Howard Gordon ,  Jeremy Heiser ,  Ashok V. Joshi

IPC分类号： A61M35/00 ,  A61F13/00

CPC分类号： A61M35/00 ,  A61F13/00068 ,  A61F2013/0017 ,  A61F2013/00174 ,  A61F2013/002 ,  A61F2013/00268 ,  A61M35/006

摘要： Apparatus and methods to treat skin defects include a pump with reservoirs for a pressurization gas and a fluid, the fluid loaded at a factory and sealed or filled at point of use through a valve, septum, or the like. Upon activation, the pump generates a gas introduced into the gas reservoir, a movable wall of which displaces a movable wall of a fluid source, thus dispensing the fluid into the dressing to spread throughout irrespective of orientation of the dressing, maintaining a transport fluid (e.g. carrier) in the dressing and in contact with a skin defect being treated. Delivery may be periodic, constant, programmatically controlled, or manual. A dressing may maintain intimate contact, a transport fluid, and a controllable concentration of active ingredient against a skin defect.Apparatus and methods to replenish a dressing with a therapeutically effective concentration of a fluid deliver a fluid carrier containing an active ingredient. The fluid may be stored in and delivered from a pump mechanism including reservoirs for a pressurization gas and the fluid, which may be loaded at a factory and sealed or filled at point of use through a valve, septum, or the like. The dressing may have a distribution network, and multiple members, dispensing the fluid into a wick maintaining a transport fluid (e.g. carrier) distributed in the dressing and in contact with a skin defect being treated. Delivery may be periodic, constant, programmatically controlled, or manual to maintain intimate contact, a transport fluid, and a controllable concentration of active ingredient against wounded tissue.

摘要翻译： 用于治疗皮肤缺陷的装置和方法包括具有用于加压气体和流体的储存器的泵，流体在工厂加载并通过阀，隔膜等密封或填充在使用点处。 在激活时，泵产生引入气体储存器中的气体，其活动壁移动流体源的可移动壁，从而将流体分配到敷料中以遍及敷料的方向，以保持输送流体（ 例如载体），并与正在治疗的皮肤缺陷接触。 交货可以是周期性的，恒定的，程序控制的或手动的。 敷料可以保持紧密接触，运输液体和针对皮肤缺陷的可控浓度的活性成分。 用治疗有效浓度的流体补充敷料的装置和方法输送含有活性成分的流体载体。 流体可以存储在泵机构中并且从泵机构输送，该泵机构包括用于加压气体的储存器和可以在工厂加载并通过阀，隔膜等在使用点处密封或填充的流体。 敷料可以具有分配网络和多个部件，将流体分配到芯中，以保持分布在敷料中并与被处理的皮肤缺陷接触的输送流体（例如载体）。 输送可以是定期的，恒定的，程序控制的或手动的，以保持紧密接触，运输液体和对受伤组织的可控浓度的活性成分。