Abstract:
A memory sense amplifier includes a sample and hold circuit followed by a differential amplifier. The sample and hold circuit samples a reference voltage on a bit line of a memory circuit when the sense amplifier is reset and a signal voltage on the same bit line when a signal representing a data bit is present in the bit line. The differential amplifier amplifies the difference between the signal voltage and the reference voltage.
Abstract:
The frequency and transient responses of a CMOS differential amplifier are improved by employing one or more compensating capacitors. A compensating capacitor coupled to a differential input of the CMOS differential amplifier is used to inject current into the differential input, such that the net current flow through the gate-to-drain capacitance of a MOS input transistor approaches zero. Thus, the Miller effect with respect to that MOS input transistor is substantially reduced or eliminated, resulting in increased frequency and transient responses for the CMOS differential amplifier. In one embodiment, the CMOS differential amplifier is a CMOS current mirror differential amplifier.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method are described for reducing the timing skew on a printed circuit board including a plurality of conductive traces interconnecting a first node and a second node. At least one section is removed from at least one printed circuit board trace to thereby sever a trace and prevent signals passing from the first node to the second node from following the severed trace. In this manner, signal path length can be adjusted to reduce timing skews in the circuit. Sections are removed from the traces by using a laser, CVD, a router, a plasma or by passing sufficient current through weakened areas of the traces.
Abstract:
An apparatus which provides the ability to charge or power multiple devices from multiple different power sources, and to communicate electronic data to and from one of the devices. The apparatus utilizes simple construction, requiring no active electronics, thereby reducing the cost of production and the reliability of the device. The apparatus employs a single USB connection cable with connectors on both ends and a second power-only cable and connector which is connected to the power wires of the USB cable and thereby is able to power a second portable device from a single USB port. USB master provide sufficient power for two average portable devices without additional circuitry. Moreover, restricting the data path to only one device also eliminates the need for USB hub circuitry. Finally, greater end user flexibility is provided by using a USB male connector as the source of the data and power connection, a USB female connector for the output of the data and power connection, and a standard barrel-type power connector for the power-only output connection. Having two different output connectors ensures that the user will not confuse the two connectors.
Abstract:
An integrated circuit characterization printed circuit board and method are provided for improving the uniformity of impedance introduced by a test fixture across all of the pins of an integrated circuit device. The printed circuit board includes an array of substantially similar test contacts numbering greater than the pins of the integrated circuit device. The array of test contacts includes an active portion configured for electrically coupling with the corresponding pins on the integrated circuit device and an inactive portion adjacent to the active portion and electrically coupled to a reference signal on the printed circuit board.
Abstract:
Methods are provided for measuring the potential for mutual coupling in an integrated circuit package of any type or configuration using a network analyzer in conjunction with a coaxial test probe. Simple, low-cost test fixturing and methods of testing may be used to measure the parasitic capacitance and inductance of one or more I/O leads of an integrated circuit package, the measured parasitic capacitances and inductances providing an indication of the susceptibility of the integrated circuit package to mutual coupling between electrical leads of the package or between an electrical lead and other components of the integrated circuit package.
Abstract:
An integrated circuit characterization printed circuit board and method are provided for improving the uniformity of impedance introduced by a test fixture across all of the pins of an integrated circuit device. The printed circuit board includes an array of substantially similar test contacts numbering greater than the pins of the integrated circuit device. The array of test contacts includes an active portion configured for electrically coupling with the corresponding pins on the integrated circuit device and an inactive portion adjacent to the active portion and electrically coupled to a reference signal on the printed circuit board.
Abstract:
A low profile antenna having relatively high radiation resistance, wide bandwidth and which utilizes a single conductor and RF source is disclosed. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the upper horizontal portion and the lower horizontal portion of the double inverted-L antenna are respectively brought down and up (without being physically connected) at a distance of approximately 180 degrees (½ λ) from the RF source so as to form two additional vertical portions of the antenna. This is followed by two approximately 90-degree (¼ λ) horizontal conductors portion. The resulting radiation resistance of the low profile antenna is approximately three-times that of a double inverted-L antenna.
Abstract:
Apparatus and methods are provided for measuring the potential for mutual coupling in an integrated circuit package of any type or configuration using a network analyzer in conjunction with a coaxial test probe. Simple, low-cost test fixturing and methods of testing may be used to measure the parasitic capacitance and inductance of one or more I/O leads of an integrated circuit package, the measured parasitic capacitances and inductances providing an indication of the susceptibility of the integrated circuit package to mutual coupling between electrical leads of the package or between an electrical lead and other components of the integrated circuit package.
Abstract:
Apparatus and methods are provided for measuring the potential for mutual coupling in an integrated circuit package of any type or configuration using a network analyzer in conjunction with a coaxial test probe. Simple, low-cost test fixturing and methods of testing may be used to measure the parasitic capacitance and inductance of one or more I/O leads of an integrated circuit package, the measured parasitic capacitances and inductances providing an indication of the susceptibility of the integrated circuit package to mutual coupling between electrical leads of the package or between an electrical lead and other components of the integrated circuit package.