Abstract:
A diffractive optical element for diffracting non-collimated light includes a base surface and a periodic structure formed on the base surface and having a plurality of diffractive surfaces and a plurality of boundary surfaces. The boundary surfaces are separated into plural zones, and in each zone, the boundary surface is placed substantially parallel to a main portion of a light beam impinging on that zone.
Abstract:
A light emission detection device having a flow path from which light to be detected is emitted is provided. The device includes a detection-side substrate having a joining surface and a detection surface provided opposite the joining surface, the joining surface having a depression and a light-shielding film provided over an area excluding the depression, the depression forming the flow path, the detection surface transmitting the light emitted from the flow path; and a wiring-side substrate having a joining surface and a conductive pattern provided with a varying thickness on the joining surface, the joining surface of the wiring-side substrate joining the joining surface of the detection-side substrate. In the area over which the light-shielding film is provided, adhesive is provided with a thickness corresponding to the varying thickness of the conductive pattern and the detection-side substrate and the wiring-side substrate are closely joined to each other with the adhesive.
Abstract:
A method of manufacturing a diffractive optical element, including a process for forming a resist mask of blazed shape upon a substrate and for etching the substrate by use of the resist mask so that the blazed shape is transferred to the substrate. The method includes a process for forming, before the etching, an element being effective to prevent a taper shape, to be produced at an edge of the blazed shape of the resist mask, from being transformed to the substrate.
Abstract:
A method of manufacturing an element with a concentric pattern by use of a photolithographic process is disclosed, wherein the method includes preparing masks having segment patterns corresponding to fan-shaped regions, respectively, of the pattern which fan-shaped regions can be defined by dividing the pattern by at least one circle concentric with the pattern to provide plural zones and then by dividing each zone equiangularly, and exposing regions of a substrate corresponding to the plural zones, respectively, by using the masks corresponding to the zones, respectively, while rotating the substrate by regular angles.
Abstract:
A light emission detection device having a flow path from which light to be detected is emitted is provided. The device includes a detection-side substrate having a joining surface and a detection surface provided opposite the joining surface, the joining surface having a depression and a light-shielding film provided over an area excluding the depression, the depression forming the flow path, the detection surface transmitting the light emitted from the flow path; and a wiring-side substrate having a joining surface and a conductive pattern provided with a varying thickness on the joining surface, the joining surface of the wiring-side substrate joining the joining surface of the detection-side substrate. In the area over which the light-shielding film is provided, adhesive is provided with a thickness corresponding to the varying thickness of the conductive pattern and the detection-side substrate and the wiring-side substrate are closely joined to each other with the adhesive.
Abstract:
A sensor unit includes a substrate that has a first mark, and a second mark used to specify a position of the first mark, a sensor for detecting light that has transmitted through the first mark and the substrate, and a light shielding portion, provided between the second mark and the sensor, for shielding the light from the second mark against the sensor.
Abstract:
An optical system for forming an image of an object. The optical system includes an optical element, which is deformed by the weight thereof, and at least one optical member for preventing a change in optical performance of the optical system due to deformation of the optical element, when the optical element is provided in the optical system.
Abstract:
A method of producing an optical element having a multiple-level step-like structure includes a first process for providing a first mask pattern at a position corresponding to a predetermined boundary among boundaries at steps of the multiple-level step-like structure of a substrate, the first mask pattern having a width narrower than that of a single step, a second process for providing a second mask pattern upon the substrate having the first mask pattern formed thereon, the second mask pattern having a width corresponding to a single step or plural steps of the multiple-level step-like structure and a third process for processing the substrate by use of the first and second mask patterns and thereafter for removing the second mask pattern while leaving the first mask pattern there. After repeating the second and third processes plural times of a predetermined number, the first mask pattern is removed.
Abstract:
A semiconductor laser capable of controlling a polarization mode of output light is disclosed. In a fabrication method of the laser, after two laser portions are independently formed, the laser portions are positioned to be optically coupled to each other. In another fabrication method of the laser, after at least portions of two laser portions are separately formed, an irregularly-formed portion at a boundary portion therebetween is removed. The fabrication method can be facilitated and a degree of freedom in the polarization control can be increased, since the two laser portions are separately formed.