Abstract:
Provided are nanostructures containing electrochemically active materials, battery electrodes containing these nanostructures for use in electrochemical batteries, such as lithium ion batteries, and methods of forming the nanostructures and battery electrodes. The nanostructures include conductive cores, inner shells containing active materials, and outer shells partially coating the inner shells. The high capacity active materials having a stable capacity of at least about 1000 mAh/g can be used. Some examples include silicon, tin, and/or germanium. The outer shells may be configured to substantially prevent formation of Solid Electrolyte lnterphase (SEI) layers directly on the inner shells. The conductive cores and/or outer shells may include carbon containing materials. The nanostructures are used to form battery electrodes, in which the nanostructures that are in electronic communication with conductive substrates of the electrodes.
Abstract:
Provided are electrode assemblies that contain electrochemically active materials for use in batteries, such as lithium ion batteries. Provided also are methods for fabricating these assemblies. In certain embodiments, fabrication involves one or more electrospinning operations such as, for example, electrospinning to deposit a layer of fibers on a conductive substrate. These fibers may include one or more electrochemically active materials. In the same or other embodiments, these or similar fibers can serve as templates for depositing one or more electrochemically active materials. Some examples of active materials include silicon, tin, and/or germanium. Also provided are electrode fibers that include cores containing a first active material and shells or optionally second shells (surrounding inner shells) containing a second active material. The second active material is electrochemically opposite to the first active material. One or more shells can function as a separator and/or as an electrolyte.
Abstract:
An electronic device and a method for replying to a received text message received at the electronic device. The method comprises composing a reply text message on a common display screen of the device whist concurrently displaying, on the common display screen, a body of text contained in the received text message. The method performs transmitting the reply text message without the body of text contained in the received text message and automatically removing, in response to the transmitting, the reply text message from the common display screen.
Abstract:
Control-type continuous ramp converting apparatus and method therefore. The present invention provides real-time processing of neurons in the neural network, easy implementation and reduction of manufacture cost of high density neurons in the neural network. The present invention comprises a first voltage controlling part for receiving a first voltage from an outside, and for non-linearly increasing a charged voltage in accordance with a differential continuous function of an exponential function; a second voltage controlling part for receiving a second voltage from an outside, and for non-linearly reducing a charged voltage in accordance with a differential continuous function of an exponential function; a charging part for charging an input current, and for providing the charged voltage of the charging part with the second voltage controlling part and an outside; and a plurality of switches for coupling outside and the first and the second voltage controlling part to the charging part, for selectively providing a third voltage from outside, an increased voltage and a decreased voltage based on the voltage of the charging part.
Abstract:
An aqueous approach to synthesize capped SnS quantum dots (QDs) followed by optional capping molecule extension by attaching one or more extending molecules to the capping molecule via peptide bond formation at elevated temperature. The capped SnS QDs may have a capping molecule:Sn:S molar ratio of 16:3:1 to 16:12:1. A suspension of SnS QDs was heat-treated at 200° C. for 0.5-4 hrs. The obtained SnS QDs showed an NIR emission peak at 820-835 nm with an excitation wavelength at 690 nm. The as synthesized SnS QDs were found to have high positive zeta potential of ˜30 mV and thus were toxic to cells. By neutralizing the SnS QDs the cytotoxicity was reduced to an accepted level. The heat-treatment step can be obviated by adding a glycerol solution containing S2− anions and capping molecule to a glycerol solution of Sn2+ ions.
Abstract:
Provided are battery electrode structures that maintain high mass loadings (i.e., large amounts per unit area) of high capacity active materials in the electrodes without deteriorating their cycling performance. These mass loading levels correspond to capacities per electrode unit area that are suitable for commercial electrodes even though the active materials are kept thin and generally below their fracture limits. A battery electrode structure may include multiple template layers. An initial template layer may include nanostructures attached to a substrate and have a controlled density. This initial layer may be formed using a controlled thickness source material layer provided, for example, on a substantially inert substrate. Additional one or more template layers are then formed over the initial layer resulting in a multilayer template structure with specific characteristics, such as a surface area, thickness, and porosity. The multilayer template structure is then coated with a high capacity active material.
Abstract:
Provided are novel electrode material composite structures containing high capacity active materials formed into porous base structures. The structures also include shells that encapsulate these porous base structures. During lithiation of the active material, the shell mechanically constrains the porous base structure. The shell allows lithium ions to pass through but prevents electrolyte solvents from interacting with the encapsulated active material. In certain embodiments, the shell contains carbon, while the porous base structure contains silicon. Although silicon tends to swell during lithiation, the porosity of the base structure and/or void spaces inside the shell helps to accommodate this additional volume within the shell without breaking it or substantially increasing the overall size of the composite structure. This allows integration of the composite structures into various types of battery electrodes and cycling high capacity active materials without damaging the electrodes' internal structures and deteriorating cycling characteristics of batteries.
Abstract:
A system and a process for capture and absorption of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide by an ammonia method at normal pressure are disclosed. The system has a dilute ammonia water supply device connected with sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide absorption devices; an induced draft fan is connected with a heat exchanger connected with the sulfur dioxide absorption device; a sulfur dioxide absorption tower is connected with a carbon dioxide absorption tower; cooling devices in the sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide absorption towers share a cooling water inlet and outlet pipe; the sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide absorption devices respectively restore ammonia concentration to original ammonia water concentration by supplementing concentrated ammonia water; the sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide absorption devices respectively pump solutions into the heat exchangers, then the solutions enter crystallization tanks; solid-liquid separation is performed through centrifuges, and the liquid continues to circulate in the system.
Abstract:
Provided are conductive substrates having open structures and fractional void volumes of at least about 25% or, more specifically, or at least about 50% for use in lithium ion batteries. Nanostructured active materials are deposited over such substrates to form battery electrodes. The fractional void volume may help to accommodate swelling of some active materials during cycling. In certain embodiments, overall outer dimensions of the electrode remain substantially the same during cycling, while internal open spaces of the conductive substrate provide space for any volumetric changes in the nanostructured active materials. In specific embodiments, a nanoscale layer of silicon is deposited over a metallic mesh to form a negative electrode. In another embodiment, a conductive substrate is a perforated sheet with multiple openings, such that a nanostructured active material is deposited into the openings but not on the external surfaces of the sheet.
Abstract:
There is provided a direct memory access apparatus and a direct memory access method.The direct memory access apparatus of the present invention comprises: a variable transmission rule map unit for setting a transmission rule with a variable block length and a variable block interval as a unit of memory transmission rule; a direct memory access unit for sending data line of the variable block length and the variable block interval, in case of access to the unit of memory by using the unit of memory transmission rule determined by the variable transmission rule map unit; and an interface unit for retrieving the unit of memory transmission rule, which is necessary for sending the data line of the variable block length and the variable block interval, from the variable transmission rule map unit and sending the unit of memory transmission rule to the direct memory access unit.