摘要:
An organic EL element that exhibits excellent durability by reducing the amount of accumulated carriers and curbing degradation by heat generated while the organic EL element is driven. The organic EL element comprises a pair of a hole injecting electrode and an electron injecting electrode sandwiching an organic luminous layer and an organic carrier transport layer placed one on top of the other to have a boundary therebetween, characterized in that either the organic luminous layer or the organic carrier transport layer, whichever is placed closer to the hole injecting electrode, is doped with a first organic material, the first organic material being made of at least one substance, a minimum level of a conducting band of the first organic material being lower than a minimum level of a conducting band of a material forming the layer to be doped with the first organic material, and the other layer which is placed closer to the electron injecting electrode is doped with a second organic material, the second organic material being made of at least one substance, a maximum level of a valence band of the second organic material being higher than a maximum level of a valence band of the other layer to be doped with the second organic material.
摘要:
There is disclosed an EL element having at least one layer made from an organic material between an electron injection electrode and a hole injection electrode. The organic material consists of an oxadiazole series compound which has a plurality of oxadiazole rings, each of the oxadiazole rings being substituted by a condensed polycyclic aromatic group.
摘要:
In an optical switching device, an optical medium such as a prism and a glass plate is rotatively held on a supporting member by a pivot bearing and a pivot shaft, and the optical medium is rotated, for instance, by a magnetic force so that optical paths are mechanically changed-over. For this construction, the area of the frictional contact surfaces between the pivot bearing and the pivot shaft is decreased thereby providing a stable dynamic characteristic which is maintained for a long time.
摘要:
A solar cell (1) of the present invention includes a photoelectric conversion layer (2) and a photonic crystal provided inside the photoelectric conversion layer (2) in order to have a photonic band gap. The photonic crystal has defects (31) in order to provide a defect level in the photonic band gap. QV which is a Q value representing a magnitude of a resonance effect yielded by coupling between the photonic crystal and an outside is substantially equal to Qα which is a Q value representing a magnitude of a resonance effect yielded by a medium of the photoelectric conversion layer (2).
摘要:
In conventional organic EL light-emitting devices, the ITO used for a transparent electrode has a refractive index of about 2.0 larger than the refractive index of 1.5 of a transparent glass substrate. As a result, the mode of most of light traveling from the transparent electrode toward the glass substrate is the transparent electrode guided mode, and no light is emitted from the transparent electrode toward the glass substrate. According to the invention, the light extraction efficiency of conventional light-emitting devices such as organic EL light-emitting devices is improved by using mode conversion means so as to solve the problem that conventional light-emitting devices such as organic EL light-emitting devices have low light extraction efficiencies. A light-emitting device of the invention comprises a light-emitting layer on a substrate and mode conversion means for converting the mode from the guided mode into an emission mode. The mode conversion means is provided in the substrate, in the light-emitting layer, or at the interface between the substrate and the light-emitting layer.
摘要:
In a radio communication system, a first radio communication station transmits a radio signal including information for designating a condition for a radio communication counterpart. A second radio communication station which receives the radio signal transmitted by the one radio communication station, and transmits a response radio signal when a situation of the second radio communication station meets the condition designated by the information included in the radio signal. The condition for a radio communication counterpart is whether the radio communication counterpart moves, and the second radio communication station transmits the response radio signal when the second radio communication station meets the condition that the radio communication counterpart moves.
摘要:
A homopolymer having a monomer unit such as an isopropylidene diallylmalonate unit; a process for producing said homopolymer comprising the step of homopolymerising a monomer such as isopropylidene diallylmalonate; a copolymer containing said monomer unit and an ethylene unit and/or α-olefin unit; and a process for producing said copolymer comprising the step of copolymerizing a monomer such as isopropylidene diallylmalonate with at least ethylene and/or an α-olefin.
摘要:
To limit a vehicle-widthwise swing amount of a shock absorber to a smaller amount, thereby reducing the width of a vehicle. When a shock absorber is attached to an upper bracket portion provided on a swing arm via a spherical joint, both the end faces of the upper bracket portion provided on both sides of one end of the shock absorber via gaps are such that the size of the end face in the back-and-forth direction of the vehicle body (i.e., the diameter D of the end face) is greater than the vehicle-widthwise distance S between both the end faces.
摘要:
A camera includes: an electrical-power-supply-source detection unit that detects, among a plurality of batteries, from which battery supply of electrical power is being received; a battery capacity detection unit that detects a remaining amount in each of the plurality of batteries; and a display control unit that displays, upon a display device, a result of detection by the electrical-power-supply-source detection unit and a result of detection by the battery capacity detection unit.
摘要:
Particles of a valve metal and a binder are mixed and kneaded together. The mixed-kneaded matter obtained thereby is molded, and a through-hole is formed in the molded body. An anode body is formed by sintering the molded body. A dielectric layer is formed on the surface of the anode body thus formed. Subsequently, an conducting polymer layer is formed on the dielectric layer.