公开(公告)号：US10038167B2

公开(公告)日：2018-07-31

申请号：US14991178

申请日：2016-01-08

Applicant: The Regents of the University of Michigan

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Yue Qu ,  Michael Slootsky

IPC: H01L51/52 ,  H01L51/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/5275 ,  H01L51/0017 ,  H01L51/5212 ,  H01L2251/308

Abstract: An organic light emitting device is described. In certain embodiments, the device has a transparent substrate, a transparent grid layer disposed over the substrate, and an OLED disposed over the grid layer. The OLED can include an anode, a cathode, and at least one organic layer between the anode and cathode. A refractive index of the transparent grid layer is less than or equal to a refractive index of the transparent substrate. In certain embodiments, the at least one organic layer includes an electron transport layer having a thickness of at least 50 nm. In certain embodiments, the refractive index of the transparent grid layer is less than n=1.20, or in certain embodiments, less than n=1.05. Methods of manufacturing an organic light emitting device are also described.

公开(公告)号：US09929365B2

公开(公告)日：2018-03-27

申请号：US14724238

申请日：2015-05-28

Applicant: The Regents of the University of Michigan ,  The University of Southern California

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Michael Slootsky ,  Mark E. Thompson

IPC: H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/50 ,  C09K11/06

CPC classification number: H01L51/5028 ,  C09K11/06 ,  C09K2211/1007 ,  C09K2211/1011 ,  C09K2211/1044 ,  C09K2211/1088 ,  H01L51/5016

Abstract: Arrangements and techniques for providing organic emissive layers are provided, in which the emissive layer includes a first dopant having a dissociative energy level. A second dopant in the emissive layer provides a solid state sink energy level, to which doubly excited excitons and/or polarons may transition instead of to the dissociative energy level, thereby decreasing the undesirable effects of transitions to the dissociative energy level.

公开(公告)号：US09700901B2

公开(公告)日：2017-07-11

申请号：US14563803

申请日：2014-12-08

Applicant: The Regents of the University of Michigan

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Gregory McGraw

IPC: B23K1/19 ,  B05B1/00 ,  C23C14/12 ,  C23C14/04 ,  C23C14/22 ,  B05C11/00 ,  B23K1/00 ,  B32B37/12 ,  B32B37/18 ,  H01L51/00 ,  B23K101/00

CPC classification number: B05B1/00 ,  B05C11/00 ,  B23K1/0008 ,  B23K2101/00 ,  B32B37/1284 ,  B32B37/18 ,  C23C14/04 ,  C23C14/12 ,  C23C14/228 ,  H01L51/0005

Abstract: A solder joint may be used to attach components of an organic vapor jet printing device together with a fluid-tight seal that is capable of performance at high temperatures. The solder joint includes one or more metals that are deposited over opposing component surfaces, such as an inlet side of a nozzle plate and/or an outlet side of a mounting plate. The components are pressed together to form the solder joint. Two or more of the deposited metals may be capable of together forming a eutectic alloy, and the solder joint may be formed by heating the deposited metals to a temperature above the melting point of the eutectic alloy. A diffusion barrier layer and an adhesion layer may be included between the solder joint and each of the components.

公开(公告)号：US09666822B2

公开(公告)日：2017-05-30

申请号：US14537414

申请日：2014-11-10

Applicant: The Regents of the University of Michigan

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Yifan Zhang

IPC: H01L33/02 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H01L51/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/5024 ,  H01L51/0072 ,  H01L51/0085 ,  H01L51/5004 ,  H01L51/5016 ,  H01L51/5072 ,  H01L51/5088 ,  H01L2251/5346 ,  H01L2251/5384

Abstract: This disclosure relates, at least in part, an organic light emitting device, which in some embodiments comprises an anode; a cathode; a first emissive layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, the first emissive layer comprising an electron transporting compound and a phosphorescent emissive dopant compound; and wherein the phosphorescent emissive dopant compound has a concentration gradient, in the emissive layer, which varies from the cathode side of the first emissive layer to the anode side of the emissive layer.

公开(公告)号：US09653709B2

公开(公告)日：2017-05-16

申请号：US13774225

申请日：2013-02-22

Applicant: The Regents of the University of Michigan

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Gregory McGraw

IPC: H01L51/56 ,  H01L51/52 ,  C23C14/04 ,  C23C14/12 ,  C23C14/24 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L27/32

CPC classification number: H01L51/56 ,  C23C14/04 ,  C23C14/12 ,  C23C14/24 ,  H01L27/3211 ,  H01L51/0005 ,  H01L51/0011

Abstract: An organic optoelectronic device (OED) includes a plurality of OED cells separated by a vapor flow barrier that extends away from a substrate surface. The vapor flow barrier partially defines an OED cell area and helps prevent stray organic material deflected away from the substrate surface during deposition from being deposited outside the cell area. An organic vapor jet (OVJ) print head can be used to deposit organic material along the vapor flow barrier and may include one or more features configured to capture some of the stray organic material. A method that includes use of vapor flow barriers and/or capturing stray organic material can facilitate high-density printing of OED cells such as OLEDs with sharply defined edges and without cross-contamination among adjacent cells.

公开(公告)号：US20170092883A1

公开(公告)日：2017-03-30

申请号：US15283958

申请日：2016-10-03

Applicant: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ,  THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： Mark E. Thompson ,  Viacheslav Diev ,  Kenneth Hanson ,  Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: H01L51/00 ,  C09B47/00 ,  C07F3/06

CPC classification number: H01L51/0092 ,  C07D487/22 ,  C07D495/22 ,  C07D513/22 ,  C09B47/00 ,  C09K2211/1007 ,  C09K2211/1011 ,  C09K2211/1029 ,  C09K2211/188 ,  H01L51/0072 ,  H01L51/0077 ,  H01L51/424 ,  H05B33/10 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: A compound that can be used as a donor material in organic photovoltaic devices comprising a non-activated porphyrin fused with one or more non-activated polycyclic aromatic rings or one or more non-activated heterocyclic rings can be obtained by a thermal fusion process. By heating the reaction mixture of non-activated porphyrins with non-activated polycyclic aromatic rings or heterocyclic rings to a fusion temperature and holding for a predetermined time, fusion of one or more polycyclic rings or heterocyclic rings to the non-activated porphyrin core in meso,β fashion is achieved resulting in hybrid structures containing a distorted porphyrin ring with annulated aromatic rings. The porphyrin core can be olygoporphyrins.

公开(公告)号：US20160329457A1

公开(公告)日：2016-11-10

申请号：US15109845

申请日：2015-01-15

Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Kyusang Lee ,  Dejiu Fan ,  Jeramy Zimmerman

IPC: H01L31/18

CPC classification number: H01L31/1896 ,  H01L31/03046 ,  H01L31/035281 ,  H01L31/0547 ,  H01L31/0687 ,  H01L31/0693 ,  H01L31/1892 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/544 ,  Y02P70/521

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of preparing a photovoltaic device. In particular, the method comprises integrating epitaxial lift-off solar cells with mini-parabolic concentrator arrays via a printing method. Thus, there is disclosed a method comprising providing a growth substrate; depositing at least one protection layer on the growth substrate; depositing at least one sacrificial layer on the protection layer; depositing at least one photoactive cell on the sacrificial layer; etching a pattern of at least two parallel trenches that extend from the at least one photoactive cell to the sacrificial layer; depositing a metal on the at least one photoactive cell; bonding said metal to a host substrate; and removing the sacrificial layer with one or more etch steps. The host substrate can be a siloxane, which when rolled, can form a stamp used to integrate solar cells into concentrator arrays. There are also disclosed a method of making a growth substrate and the growth substrate made therefrom.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种制备光伏器件的方法。 特别地，该方法包括通过印刷方法将外延剥离太阳能电池与微型抛物面聚光器阵列集成。 因此，公开了一种包括提供生长衬底的方法; 在生长衬底上沉积至少一个保护层; 在保护层上沉积至少一个牺牲层; 在所述牺牲层上沉积至少一个光活性单元; 蚀刻从至少一个光活性单元延伸到牺牲层的至少两个平行沟槽的图案; 在所述至少一个光活性电池上沉积金属; 将所述金属键合到主体衬底; 以及用一个或多个蚀刻步骤去除牺牲层。 主体衬底可以是硅氧烷，其在卷绕时可以形成用于将太阳能电池集成到聚光器阵列中的印模。 还公开了一种制备生长衬底和由其制成的生长衬底的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20160197227A1

公开(公告)日：2016-07-07

申请号：US14910010

申请日：2014-08-26

Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Kyusang Lee ,  Jeramy D. Zimmerman

IPC: H01L31/18

CPC classification number: H01L31/1896 ,  H01L21/187 ,  H01L31/1892 ,  Y02E10/50

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to thin film liftoff processes for use in making devices such as electronic and optoelectronic devices, e.g., photovoltaic devices. The methods described herein use a combination of epitaxial liftoff and spalling techniques to quickly and precisely control the separation of an epilayer from a growth substrate. Provided herein are growth structures having a sacrificial layer positioned between a growth substrate and a sacrificial layer. Exemplary methods of the present disclosure include forming at least one notch in the sacrificial layer and spalling the growth structure by crack propagation at the at least one notch to separate the epilayer from the growth substrate.

Abstract translation: 本公开一般涉及用于制造诸如电子和光电子器件（例如光伏器件）的器件的薄膜去离子方法。 本文描述的方法使用外延剥离和剥落技术的组合来快速且精确地控制外延层与生长衬底的分离。 本文提供了具有位于生长衬底和牺牲层之间的牺牲层的生长结构。 本公开的示例性方法包括在牺牲层中形成至少一个切口并且通过在至少一个切口处的裂纹扩展剥离生长结构，以将外延层与生长基底分离。

公开(公告)号：US09328421B2

公开(公告)日：2016-05-03

申请号：US13621918

申请日：2012-09-18

Applicant: The Regents of the University of Michigan

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: C23C16/00 ,  C23C16/46 ,  C23C14/04 ,  C23C14/12 ,  C23C14/22 ,  H01L51/00

CPC classification number: C23C16/463 ,  C23C14/04 ,  C23C14/12 ,  C23C14/228 ,  H01L51/0004 ,  H01L51/0005

Abstract: An organic vapor jet printing system includes a pump for increasing the pressure of an organic flux.

Abstract translation: 有机蒸气喷射印刷系统包括用于增加有机流量的压力的泵。

公开(公告)号：US09181099B2

公开(公告)日：2015-11-10

申请号：US14171356

申请日：2014-02-03

Applicant: The Regents of the University of Michigan

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Jeramy D. Zimmerman

IPC: D01F9/12 ,  C01B31/02 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  B82Y30/00

CPC classification number: C01B31/0266 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C01B32/172

Abstract: A method of processing bundles of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Bundles of CNTs are put into a solution and unbundled using sonication and one or more surfactants that break apart and disperse at least some of the bundles into the solution such that it contains individual semiconducting CNTs, individual metallic CNTs, and remaining CNT bundles. The individual CNTs are separated from each other using agarose bead column separation using sodium dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant. Remaining CNT bundles are then separated out by performing density-gradient ultracentrifugation.

Abstract translation: 一种处理碳纳米管束（CNT）的方法。 使用超声处理和一种或多种表面活性剂将CNT的束放入溶液中，并将至少一些束分散并分散到溶液中，使得其包含单独的半导体CNT，单独的金属CNT和剩余的CNT束。 使用十二烷基硫酸钠作为表面活性剂，使用琼脂糖珠柱分离将各个CNT彼此分离。 然后通过进行密度梯度超速离心将剩余的CNT束分离出来。