公开(公告)号：US06998727B2

公开(公告)日：2006-02-14

申请号：US10386029

申请日：2003-03-10

申请人： Charles L. Gray, Jr.

发明人： Charles L. Gray, Jr.

IPC分类号： B60L11/14 ,  F02N11/06 ,  H02P9/04 ,  E05C1/06 ,  E05C1/12

CPC分类号： B60W20/10 ,  B60K6/10 ,  B60K6/12 ,  B60K6/48 ,  B60L7/16 ,  B60L11/14 ,  B60L11/1851 ,  B60L2240/12 ,  B60T1/10 ,  B60W10/06 ,  B60W10/08 ,  B60W10/26 ,  B60W20/00 ,  B60W2510/0604 ,  B60W2510/244 ,  B60W2520/10 ,  B60W2720/106 ,  Y02T10/6204 ,  Y02T10/6208 ,  Y02T10/6221 ,  Y02T10/6282 ,  Y02T10/6286 ,  Y02T10/70 ,  Y02T10/7005 ,  Y02T10/705 ,  Y02T10/7077

摘要： The invention is directed toward methods for operating a parallel hybrid vehicle in a manner that responds to the operator's demand for power output, while maximizing engine efficiency and minimizing disruptions in vehicle drivability. According to principles of the present invention, when the driver of a hybrid vehicle makes a demand for power output immediately after a braking event, the power provided to meet the initial demand is from either an ICE or a secondary power source. Which power source is used, and when it is engaged and disengaged, depends on various vehicle operating conditions. Also, the ICE is selectively turned off and on in response to various operating conditions.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及以响应于操作者对动力输出的需求的方式操作并联混合动力车辆的方法，同时最大化发动机效率并最小化车辆驾驶性能的破坏。 根据本发明的原理，当混合动力车辆的驾驶员在制动事件之后立即对功率输出进行需求时，提供以满足初始需求的功率来自ICE或二次电源。 使用哪个电源，当它被接合和分离时，取决于各种车辆操作条件。 此外，响应于各种操作条件，ICE选择性地关闭和接通。

公开(公告)号：US06386154B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-14

申请号：US09592424

申请日：2000-06-12

申请人： Karl H. Hellman ,  Charles L. Gray, Jr.

发明人： Karl H. Hellman ,  Charles L. Gray, Jr.

IPC分类号： F02M2507

CPC分类号： F02D13/0276 ,  F02M26/01 ,  F02M26/05 ,  F02M26/06 ,  F02M26/23 ,  F02M26/43 ,  Y02T10/18

摘要： An exhaust gas recirculation system for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust manifold and at least one exhaust flow control valve located between the engine and the exhaust manifold. The exhaust flow control valve diverts a portion of the exhaust gas from each cycle of one cylinder and feeds that diverted portion to another of the cylinders through an exhaust gas recirculation passage, bypassing the exhaust manifold, whereby an exhaust stroke of a piston within the one cylinder serves to pump exhaust gas through the exhaust flow control valve in another cylinder.

摘要翻译： 用于内燃机的排气再循环系统包括排气歧管和位于发动机和排气歧管之间的至少一个排气流量控制阀。 废气流量控制阀将一部分废气从一个汽缸的每个循环中分离出来，并将该转向部分通过旁通排气歧管的废气再循环通道将其转移到另一个汽缸中，由此在一个气缸内的活塞的排气冲程 气缸用于将废气通过另一气缸中的排气流量控制阀排出。

公开(公告)号：US5611300A

公开(公告)日：1997-03-18

申请号：US540771

申请日：1995-10-11

申请人： Charles L. Gray, Jr.

发明人： Charles L. Gray, Jr.

IPC分类号： F02B75/04 ,  F02B19/08 ,  F02B41/00 ,  F02D15/04 ,  F02B75/36

CPC分类号： F02B41/00

摘要： The present invention is an improved drive train which includes an engine having at least one power cylinder with a power piston mounted for reciprocating motion therein. The power piston is connected to a crank shaft in the usual manner for translation of the reciprocating motion of the power piston into rotation of the crankshaft, which in turn, is transmitted in the conventional manner to the drive wheels of the vehicle. Provision is made for the feed of fuel into a combustion chamber located within the power cylinder at one side of the power piston. Intake and exhaust valves, in fluid communication with the combustion chamber serve, respectively, to allow intake of air during an intake stroke of the power piston and exhaust of combustion products during an exhaust stroke of the power piston. A floating piston at least partially closes the combustion chamber opposite the power piston and is mounted for reciprocating motion relative to the combustion chamber. The reciprocating motion of the floating piston includes a pressure relieving stroke in which the floating piston moves away from the combustion chamber responsive to a predetermined pressure being produced within the combustion chamber by combustion, to reduce the peak combustion pressure.

摘要翻译： 本发明是一种改进的传动系，其包括具有至少一个动力油缸的发动机，动力缸具有安装成用于往复运动的动力活塞。 动力活塞以通常的方式连接到曲轴，用于将动力活塞的往复运动转换成曲轴的旋转，曲轴又以常规方式传递到车辆的驱动轮。 设置用于将燃料进入位于动力活塞一侧的动力缸内的燃烧室。 与燃烧室流体连通的进气阀和排气阀分别用于在动力活塞的排气冲程期间在动力活塞的进气冲程期间吸入空气并排出燃烧产物。 浮动活塞至少部分地关闭与动力活塞相对的燃烧室，并且被安装成相对于燃烧室往复运动。 浮动活塞的往复运动包括减压行程，其中浮动活塞响应于通过燃烧在燃烧室内产生的预定压力而远离燃烧室移动，以减小峰值燃烧压力。

公开(公告)号：US5609131A

公开(公告)日：1997-03-11

申请号：US540767

申请日：1995-10-11

申请人： Charles L. Gray, Jr. ,  Karl H. Hellman

发明人： Charles L. Gray, Jr. ,  Karl H. Hellman

IPC分类号： F02M25/10 ,  F02B1/08 ,  F02B3/04 ,  F02B3/10 ,  F02B23/10 ,  F02B75/12 ,  F02D21/02 ,  F02D41/04 ,  F02D41/40 ,  F02M33/00

CPC分类号： F02B3/04 ,  F02B1/08 ,  F02B3/10 ,  F02D41/405 ,  F02B2075/125 ,  F02B23/101 ,  F02D2041/389 ,  F02D2250/36 ,  F02D41/402 ,  Y02T10/44

摘要： The invention is a combustion method for operation of a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine in a cycle including intake, compression, expansion and exhaust strokes. A first amount of fuel is introduced into each of the cylinders with introduction initiated earlier than 45.degree. before top dead center of a combustion stroke. An amount of air significantly in excess of that providing a stoichiometric amount of oxygen, typically 2-3 times stoichiometry, is also introduced into each of the cylinders to produce a first mixture upon introduction of the fuel, which mixture is ignited to produce a first combustion event. Subsequent to substantial completion of the first combustion event but prior to top dead center in the same compression stroke (or shortly after top dead center in the expansion stroke), a second amount of fuel is introduced into each of the cylinders without introduction of additional air. The second amount of fuel, products of combustion from the first combustion event and oxygen-depleted air form a second mixture which is ignited to produce a second combustion event. Utilizing two (or more) distinct combustion events in each "combustion cycle" significantly reduces the formation of NO.sub.x.

摘要翻译： 本发明是一种用于在包括进气，压缩，膨胀和排气冲程的循环中操作多缸内燃机的燃烧方法。 将第一量的燃料引入到每个气缸中，在燃烧冲程的上止点之前引入早于45°的引入。 在每个气缸中引入显着超过提供化学计量量的氧气（通常为2-3倍化学计量）的空气量，以在引入燃料时产生第一混合物，该混合物被点燃以产生第一 燃烧事件。 在相同的压缩行程（或膨胀冲程中的上止点之后不久）第一次燃烧事件的基本完成之后但在上止点之前，将第二量的燃料引入每个气缸中而不引入额外的空气 。 第二量的燃料，来自第一燃烧事件的燃烧产物和贫氧空气形成被点燃以产生第二燃烧事件的第二混合物。 在每个“燃烧循环”中利用两个（或更多个）不同的燃烧事件显着地减少了NOx的形成。

公开(公告)号：US5579640A

公开(公告)日：1996-12-03

申请号：US429616

申请日：1995-04-27

申请人： Charles L. Gray, Jr. ,  Karl H. Hellman

发明人： Charles L. Gray, Jr. ,  Karl H. Hellman

IPC分类号： B60K6/12 ,  F16D31/02 ,  F15B21/04

CPC分类号： B60K6/12 ,  F15B1/024 ,  B60Y2400/15 ,  F15B2201/42 ,  F15B2211/20569 ,  F15B2211/20576 ,  F15B2211/212 ,  Y02T10/6208

摘要： A hydropneumatic powertrain includes a fluidic driver connected in parallel with first and second liquid tanks connected, respectively, with first and second gas vessels. The gas within each gas vessel is in fluid communication with the liquid within the corresponding liquid vessel. A prime mover drives a pump to pump liquid alternately into one of the two liquid tanks connected in parallel with the pump. Switch valving directs the discharge of the pump to either the first liquid tank or the second liquid tank, while the liquid tank not receiving liquid from the pump discharge is discharging its liquid, driven by expansion of gas within the corresponding gas vessel, to drive the fluidic driver which, in turn, drives the drive wheels of the vehicle. Each gas tank is equipped with a heater and a cooler whereby the gas vessel, in the compression portion of the cycle, is cooled while the other gas vessel is heated for expansion of the gas contained therein. Thus, the fluidic driver can be continuously driven by alternating discharges from the two liquid tanks.

摘要翻译： 液压动力传动系包括与第一和第二液体箱并联连接的流体驱动器，第一和第二液体箱分别与第一和第二气体容器连接。 每个气体容器内的气体与相应的液体容器内的液体流体连通。 原动机驱动泵将液体泵送到与泵并联连接的两个液体罐中的一个中。 开关阀门将泵的排放引导到第一液罐或第二液箱，而没有从泵排出口接收液体的液体罐通过在相应的气体容器内的气体膨胀驱动而排放其液体，以驱动 流体驱动器又驱动车辆的驱动轮。 每个气罐装有一个加热器和一个冷却器，由此在循环的压缩部分中的气体容器被冷却，而另一个气体容器被加热以膨胀其中所含的气体。 因此，可以通过来自两个液体罐的交替排放来连续地驱动流体驱动器。

公开(公告)号：US5562079A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-08

申请号：US392491

申请日：1995-02-23

申请人： Charles L. Gray, Jr.

发明人： Charles L. Gray, Jr.

IPC分类号： F02B41/00 ,  F02B75/02 ,  F02B77/11 ,  F02F3/26 ,  F02F3/00

CPC分类号： F02B75/02 ,  F02B41/00 ,  F02B77/11 ,  F05C2201/0448

摘要： A novel, internal combustion engine includes a cylinder, a head closing one end of the cylinder and a piston slidably mounted in the cylinder for reciprocating motion, in the usual manner, which reciprocation is converted into rotary motion by, for example, a conventional crankshaft. The top surface of the piston, cylinder head and cylinder serve as walls defining a system chamber, with a pocket formed in one of the system chamber walls for receiving fuel and serving as a combustion chamber for localized combustion therein. In one disclosed embodiment, the cylinder is divided into two sections with thermal insulation, serving as a heat barrier, disposed between the two sections and the piston has a hollow interior containing one or more heat shields spanning the hollow interior. The method of operation involves injection of fuel into a restricted area within the chamber defined between the piston head, cylinder head and cylinder, e.g., the aforementioned pocket. Air and/or exhaust gas within the chamber surrounding the restricted area of localized combustion serves as thermal insulation, protecting the cylinder walls. Operation is suitably with a peak gas temperature of 900.degree.-1100.degree. C. and a peak gas pressure of 500-1000 psi. Air is introduced in an amount providing 4-5 times the stoichiometric amount of oxygen.

摘要翻译： 一种新颖的内燃机包括气缸，封闭气缸的一端的气缸和可滑动地安装在汽缸中用于往复运动的活塞，以常规的方式，该往复运动通过例如常规的曲轴 。 活塞，气缸盖和气缸的顶表面用作限定系统室的壁，其中形成在一个系统室壁中用于接收燃料并用作用于其中局部燃烧的燃烧室的口袋。 在一个公开的实施例中，气缸被分成具有热绝缘的两个部分，用作隔热层，设置在两个部分之间，并且活塞具有包含横跨中空内部的一个或多个隔热罩的中空内部。 操作方法包括将燃料喷射到限定在活塞头，气缸盖和气缸之间的室内的限制区域内，例如上述口袋。 围绕局部燃烧限制区域的室内的空气和/或废气用作保温，保护气缸壁。 操作适宜地具有900°-1100℃的峰值气体温度和500-1000psi的峰值气体压力。 以提供化学计量量的氧的4-5倍的量引入空气。

公开(公告)号：US5495912A

公开(公告)日：1996-03-05

申请号：US253944

申请日：1994-06-03

申请人： Charles L. Gray, Jr. ,  Karl H. Hellman ,  Michael J. Safoutin

发明人： Charles L. Gray, Jr. ,  Karl H. Hellman ,  Michael J. Safoutin

IPC分类号： B60K17/04 ,  B60K6/12 ,  B60T1/10 ,  F02D29/02 ,  F02D29/04 ,  B60K26/00

CPC分类号： B60K6/12 ,  B60T1/10 ,  Y02T10/6208

摘要： Engine output speed is controlled for optimum efficiency by adjustment of input speed of a continuously variable transmission (CVT). Where power in excess of that provided by the engine is required, additional power is input to the drivetrain from a fluidic motor driven by fluid pressure stored in an accumulator. In driving conditions where the engine, operating at optimum efficiency, produces power in excess of that demanded by of the vehicle, the fluidic motor is reversed for operation as a pump and excess engine power is utilized to drive the pump and store energy in the accumulator in the form of fluid pressure. A CPU determines power output required of the engine as a sum of that indicated by a sensor which senses power demanded of the vehicle by a driver and an increment of power required to maintain the pressure of the accumulator above a threshold amount. An engine speed controller controls the rotary speed of the engine output, to produce the required total power output, by changing the input speed of the CVT. In order to maintain optimum engine efficiency, a memory associated with the CPU is stored with maps correlating values for optimum engine speed with values for engine output power and the optimum engine speed is read from the map by reference to the determined total requirement for engine output power. Optionally, the vehicle may include first and second engines with the second engine providing a power assist under driving conditions demanding power in excess of that available from the primary engine in combination with the fluidic motor. The invention also includes a method of operating the system in order to achieve the objective of optimum engine efficiency.

摘要翻译： 通过调整无级变速器（CVT）的输入速度来控制发动机输出速度以实现最佳效率。 在需要超过发动机提供的功率的情况下，额外的动力从存储在蓄能器中的流体压力驱动的流体马达输入到动力传动系。 在发动机以最佳效率运行的发动机产生的功率超过车辆要求的功率的驱动条件下，流体电动机被反转以用作泵，并且使用多余的发动机功率来驱动泵并将能量储存在蓄能器 以流体压力的形式。 CPU将发动机所需的功率输出确定为感测由驾驶员所要求的车辆的功率的传感器和将蓄能器的压力维持在阈值以上所需的功率增量所指示的总和。 发动机转速控制器通过改变CVT的输入速度来控制发动机输出的转速，以产生所需的总功率输出。 为了保持最佳发动机效率，与CPU相关联的存储器存储有将最佳发动机转速值与发动机输出功率值相关联的地图，并且通过参考确定的发动机输出总需求从地图读取最佳发动机速度 功率。 可选地，车辆可以包括第一和第二发动机，其中第二发动机在驱动条件下提供动力辅助，其要求超过可从主发动机与流体动力马达相结合的功率。 本发明还包括操作该系统以实现最佳发动机效率的目的的方法。

公开(公告)号：US5095758A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-17

申请号：US619621

申请日：1990-11-29

申请人： Percy T. Cox ,  Theodore W. Nussbaum ,  Charles L. Gray, Jr.

发明人： Percy T. Cox ,  Theodore W. Nussbaum ,  Charles L. Gray, Jr.

IPC分类号： G01N27/02 ,  B01D17/00 ,  E21B47/10 ,  G01F1/74 ,  G01F15/08 ,  G01N27/22 ,  G01N33/28

CPC分类号： G01N27/221 ,  G01F1/74 ,  G01F15/08 ,  G01N33/2823

摘要： The present invention is a water cut monitor which includes a settling tank in which a quantity of fluid from a producing well is accumulated. The fluid is removed as a stream of fluid after a predetermined interval from the accumulation of the fluid by the settling tank so as to allow the accumulated fluid to separate into three phases: free water, water-continuous and oil-continuous. The flow rate of the stream of fluid is measured and a corresponding flow rate signal is provided as well as a temperature signal corresponding to a sensed temperature of the stream of fluid. The water cut monitor includes a plurality of electrodes in contact with the fluid. Injection electronics connected to at least one of the electrodes provides an injection voltage and injection current to the fluid stream and also provides signals corresponding to the injection voltage and injection current. A voltage in the fluid stream is measured and a measurement signal provided. A computer determines the water cut of the petroleum stream in accordance with the temperature signal, the injection voltage and injection current signals, the electrical phase angle signal and the measured voltage signal.

摘要翻译： 本发明是一种水切割监视器，其包括沉淀槽，在沉淀槽中积聚来自生产井的流体量。 在流体由沉降槽积聚预定间隔之后，将流体作为流体流除去，以使积聚的流体分离成三相：自由水，水连续和油连续。 测量流体流的流速，并提供相应的流量信号以及对应于流体流的感测温度的温度信号。 切水监视器包括与流体接触的多个电极。 连接到至少一个电极的注入电子器件向流体流提供注入电压和注入电流，并且还提供对应于注入电压和注入电流的信号。 测量流体流中的电压并提供测量信号。 计算机根据温度信号，注射电压和注射电流信号，电相角信号和测量的电压信号来确定石油流的切割。

公开(公告)号：US08646565B2

公开(公告)日：2014-02-11

申请号：US13356276

申请日：2012-01-23

申请人： Charles L. Gray, Jr.

发明人： Charles L. Gray, Jr.

IPC分类号： B60K17/00

CPC分类号： B60K6/12 ,  B60L2240/486 ,  B60W30/18027 ,  B60W2540/10 ,  B60W2540/12 ,  B60W2540/16 ,  F16H61/4096 ,  F16H61/4192 ,  F16H2312/20 ,  Y02T10/6208 ,  Y02T10/6282

摘要： A hydraulic hybrid vehicle includes elements such as a hydraulic pump driven by an internal combustion engine and arranged to draw in low pressure fluid and pump the fluid at high pressure to an accumulator. A hydraulic motor is powered by the pressurized fluid. Safety processes are provided for detecting and addressing a number of conditions that may arise in the operation of the hydraulic hybrid vehicle, including an initialization procedure for start-up of the vehicle, a shut-down procedure, and procedures for detecting and responding to failure of the pump or motor, internal and external fluid leaks, and non-responsive actuation and mode control systems.

摘要翻译： 液压混合动力车辆包括诸如由内燃机驱动的液压泵的元件，并且布置成在低压流体中抽吸并且将流体以高压泵送到蓄能器。 液压马达由加压流体驱动。 提供了安全处理，用于检测和解决在液压混合动力车辆的操作中可能出现的许多条件，包括启动车辆的初始化程序，关闭程序以及检测和响应故障的程序 的泵或电机，内部和外部流体泄漏以及无响应的致动和模式控制系统。

公开(公告)号：US08381851B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-26

申请号：US12955795

申请日：2010-11-29

申请人： Charles L. Gray, Jr.

发明人： Charles L. Gray, Jr.

IPC分类号： B60K6/46

CPC分类号： B60W20/13 ,  B60K5/08 ,  B60K6/46 ,  B60L11/123 ,  B60L2240/12 ,  B60W10/06 ,  B60W10/08 ,  B60W10/26 ,  B60W20/00 ,  Y02T10/6217 ,  Y02T10/6286 ,  Y02T10/7005 ,  Y02T10/7022 ,  Y02T10/7077 ,  Y10T477/20 ,  Y10T477/23 ,  Y10T477/24 ,  Y10T477/26

摘要： A method for operating a series hybrid vehicle is provided, in which an engine generates secondary power that is either stored or used as direct input energy by a secondary power source to provide motive power to the vehicle. Regenerative braking is used to convert kinetic energy of the vehicle into secondary energy, which is also stored. When the vehicle driver makes a power demand, the secondary power source is powered by secondary energy from an energy storage device, direct input energy generated by the engine, or both, depending on the amount of stored secondary energy in combination with vehicle speed. When in use, the power level at which the engine is operated is also determined on the basis of available stored energy and vehicle speed. At higher vehicle speeds, the amount of stored energy is allowed to be depleted in order to increase the available storage capacity for regenerative braking.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于操作串联混合动力车辆的方法，其中发动机产生作为直接输入能量存储或用作次级电源的二次电力，以向车辆提供动力。 再生制动用于将车辆的动能转换为二次能量，其也被存储。 当车辆驾驶员进行电力需求时，二次电源由来自能量存储装置的二次能量，由发动机产生的直接输入能量或二者均依赖于与车辆速度相结合的存储的二次能量的量。 在使用中，发动机运转的功率水平也根据可用的存储能量和车辆速度来确定。 在较高的车辆速度下，允许储存的能量被耗尽，以便增加用于再生制动的可用存储容量。