摘要:
Anthrone derivatives having hydroxy, ether or hydrocarbyl groups in 10-position, for example 10,10-dimethoxyanthrone, are excellent photoinitiators for the UV-curing of unsaturated systems. Preferable systems are monomeric or oligomeric acrylates and their mixtures.The systems may be used in thin layers as for instance for coatings or printing inks.
摘要:
Aromatic sulfonic acid hydrazides and semicarbazides having a sterically hindered phenol group are usable as blowing agents in the manufacture of foamed plastics articles. On heating to about 200 to 300.degree. C. they are splitting off nitrogen and the residue remaining in the foam acts as stabilizer against thermo-oxidative degradation of the plastic material.
摘要:
Benzoin derivatives which contain one or two phosphonoalkyl groups are suitable photoinitiators for the photopolymerization of unsaturated compounds, for example for curing printing inks or coatings of acrylates or unsaturated polyester resins. The new compounds can be obtained in different ways, for example by the Arbuzov reaction from the corresponding haloalkyl derivatives or by addition of esters of unsaturated phosphonic acids to benzoin or benzoin ethers.
摘要:
The invention relates to pyrrolo 3,4-c!pyrroles of formula ##STR1## wherein A and B are each independently of the other a group of formula ##STR2## or Q, wherein Q is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic aromatic amine oxide radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by one, two or three C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkoxy or ##STR3## and which may contain one or two fused benzene rings, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently of the other hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkylmercapto, --CN, --NO.sub.2 or trifiuoromethyl, D and E are each independently of the other hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.10 aralkyl, unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl which is substituted by chloro, bromo, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, trifiuoromethyl or nitro, with the proviso that at least one of the sustituents A and B is an amine oxide radical Q.These novel diketopyrrolo 3,4-c!pyrroles are suitable for use as pigments, but especially as photoconductive substances in electrophotographic photoreceptors.
摘要:
Process for the preparation of tert-alkyl esters of the formula I ##STR1## in which m is 1 or 2, R is C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 tert-alkyl and X, if m=1, is unsubstituted or halogen-substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl or aralkyl, or an aromatic heterocyclic radical and, if m=2, is a direct bond, --CH.sub.2).sub.n, in which n can be an integer from 1 to 8, or 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-phenylene, by reaction of an ester of the formula II ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 is methyl or ethyl, with an alcohol ROH in the presence of a catalyst customary for transesterifications.
摘要:
The invention relates to lubricant compositions containing(a) a mineral and/or synthetic base oil,(b) a compound of the formula IA--(S).sub.n --G (I)wherein n is preferably 2 and A and G are the same or different and represent either a radical ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be methyl, or are a nitrogen-containing 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic radical such as ##STR2## and (c) optionally further additives.
摘要:
Quinolinium sulfonates of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl substituted by halogen, hydroxyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, or it is C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 -phenylalkyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently of one another are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, halogen, --CN, --COO(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl), --CHO, hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, an acyloxy group R.sup.7 COO--, a group R.sup.8 --CH.dbd.CH--, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 -phenylalkyl or phenyl, R.sup.6 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl which is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, halogen or a group R.sup.7 CONH--, or it is fluorine, NH.sub.2 or CF.sub.3, and R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently of one another are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or phenyl, are suitable as latent curing catalysts for acid-curable stoving lacquers. There is formed by irradiation with UV light the actual acid catalyst, which renders possible curing at relatively low stoving temperatures.
摘要:
Cationically polymerizable compounds, in particular epoxy compounds, can be polymerized by heating in the presence of a catalyst and a co-catalyst. The catalyst employed is a quaternary ammonium salt of an aromatic-heterocyclic compound which contains 1 or 2 N-atoms, and a complex halide anion, e.g. PF.sub.6.sup..crclbar.. The co-catalyst employed is a diaryl ethane derivative, preferably benzpinacol, a silyl oligomer thereof, an organic per compound or a quinone.
摘要:
Cationically polymerizable compounds can be polymerized photochemically and thermally when a combination of (a) an aromatic iodonium salt, (b) a photoinitiator from the series comprising the aromatic carbonyl compounds and (c) an agent which forms free radicals on heating is used as the catalyst. Polymerization is preferably effected in two stages, first photochemically and then thermally, or vice versa. Preferred substrates are epoxide compounds.
摘要:
A process for foaming thermoplastic materials by adding to the plastics material 0.05 to 5 percent by weight of a dioxazolone of the formula I ##STR1## in which n is 1, 2 or 3, and when n is 1R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 -aralkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl, or phenyl substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.9 -alkyl, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.9 -alkoxy or nitro, or it is a heterocyclic radical, or when n is 2R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkylene, ethenylene, m- or p-phenylene, m- or p-halophenylene, biphenylene, oxy-bis-(p-phenylene), 2,5-thienylene, 2,5-furylene, 2,6-pyridylene or naphthylene, or when n is 3R is phenenyl,and subsequently heating the mixture.