摘要:
A catalyst, co-catalyst, and/or chain transfer agent is added at a time after initiation of an addition polymerization reaction to produce a polymer product with a widened molecular weight distribution relative to having all of the components in the original reaction mixture. The catalyst, co-catalyst, or chain transfer agent may be added discretely or continuously to the reaction to produce a product with a bimodal, trimodal, or other broadened molecular weight distribution.
摘要:
A method for reducing the size of a patterned semiconductor feature includes forming a first layer over a substrate to be patterned, and forming a photoresist layer over the first layer. The photoresist layer is patterned so as to expose portions of the first layer, and the exposed portions of the first layer are removed in a manner so as to create an undercut region beneath the patterned photoresist layer. The patterned photoresist layer is reflowed so as to cause reflowed portions of the patterned photoresist layer to occupy at least a portion of the undercut region.
摘要:
The present invention provides, among other things, extruded blends of aliphatic polycarbonates and polyolefins. In one aspect, provided blends comprise aliphatic polycarbonates such as poly(propylene carbonate) and a lesser amount of a crystalline or semicrystalline polymer. In certain embodiments, provided blends are characterized in that they exhibit unexpected improvements in their elongation properties. In another aspect, the invention provides methods of making such materials and applications of the materials in applications such as the manufacture of consumer packaging materials.
摘要:
The present invention provides polycarbonate polyol compositions with improved characteristics. Such polycarbonate polyol compositions are useful in thermosetting applications for the production of coatings for consumer products.
摘要:
The present invention encompasses polyurethane compositions comprising aliphatic polycarbonate chains. In one aspect, the present invention encompasses polyurethane foams, thermoplastics and elastomers derived from aliphatic polycarbonate polyols and polyisocyanates wherein the polyol chains contain a primary repeating unit having a structure: In another aspect, the invention provides articles comprising the inventive foam and elastomer compositions as well as methods of making such compositions.
摘要:
The present invention provides polycarbonate polyol compositions with improved characteristics. Such polycarbonate polyol compositions are useful in thermosetting applications for the production of coatings for consumer products. The present invention provides compositions having such improved characteristics, in particular, polycarbonate polyol compositions having a glass transition temperature (Tg) from about −20° C. to about 60° C., from about −20° C. to about 50° C., or from about 0° C. to about 30° C., are particularl useful in thermosetting applications. In some embodiments, polycarbonate polyol compositions have a Tg from about −20° C. to about 3° C. In some embodiments, polycarbonate polyol compositions have a Tg from about 0° C. to about 50° C., from about 0° C. to about 50° C., or from about 10 “C. to about 40° C.
摘要:
The present application provides a method for producing an beta-lactone product. The method includes the steps of: reacting an epoxide, a solvent with a carbonylation catalyst and carbon monoxide to produce a reaction stream comprising a beta-lactone then separating a portion of the beta-lactone in the reaction stream from the solvent and carbonylation catalyst to produce: i) a beta-lactone stream with the beta-lactone, and ii) a catalyst recycling stream including the carbonylation catalyst and the high boiling solvent; and adding the catalyst recycling stream to the feed stream.
摘要:
The present application provides a method for producing an beta-lactone product. The method includes the steps of: reacting an epoxide, a solvent with a carbonylation catalyst and carbon monoxide to produce a reaction stream comprising a beta-lactone then separating a portion of the beta-lactone in the reaction stream from the solvent and carbonylation catalyst to produce: i) a beta-lactone stream with the beta-lactone, and ii) a catalyst recycling stream including the carbonylation catalyst and the high boiling solvent; and adding the catalyst recycling stream to the feed stream.
摘要:
The disclosure pertains to amphiphilic block copolymers comprising an aliphatic polycarbonate chain coupled to a hydrophilic polymer. Such amphiphilic polymers may have the formula A-L-B, where A- is a polycarbonate or polyethercarbonate chain having from about 3 to about 500 repeating units, L is a linker moiety and —B is a hydrophilic oligomer having from about 4 to about 200 repeating units. Provided copolymers are useful as surfactants capable of emulsifying aqueous solutions and supercritical carbon dioxide. Provided copolymers also have utility as additives for use in enhanced oil recovery methods.
摘要:
Dual stress liners for CMOS applications are provided. The dual stress liners can be formed from silicon nitride having a first portion for inducing a first stress and a second portion for inducing a second stress. An interface between the first and second stress portions is self-aligned and co-planar. To produce a co-planar self-aligned interface, polishing, for example, mechanical chemical polishing is used.