摘要:
The present invention provides a method of producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of obtaining high-quality uniform images without image defects and nonuniformity in image density. The method of producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a step forming a functional film on a substrate, and a washing step of spraying water on the substrate surface from concentrically arranged nozzle groups positioned in a twisted relationship before the step of forming the functional film.
摘要:
A film deposition apparatus includes a vacuum chamber, a gas supplier, a gas exhauster, and a discharging means, the film deposition apparatus forming a deposited film on a substrate provided in the vacuum chamber by a plasma enhanced CVD process, wherein at least one louver is provided at the interior and/or vicinity of the plasma discharging space in the vacuum chamber.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a substrate and a light receiving layer composed of a silicon-containing non-single crystal material disposed on said substrate, characterized in that said light receiving layer contains a plurality of columnar structure regions each grown from a nucleus situated in said light receiving layer wherein said plurality of columnar structure regions are arranged substantially in parallel to the thicknesswise direction of said light receiving layer and at a density in the range of 5/cm.sup.2 to 500/cm.sup.2.
摘要:
A method of treating a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member by a process comprises the steps;a) cutting the surface of the substrate to remove the surface in the desired thickness; andb) bringing the cut surface of the substrate into contact with water having a temperature of from 5.degree. C. to 90.degree. C., having a resistivity of not less than 11 M.OMEGA..multidot.cm at 25.degree. C., containing fine particles with a particle diameter of not smaller than 0.2 .mu.m in a quantity of not more than 10,000 particles per milliliter, containing microorganisms in a total viable cell count of not more than 100 per milliliter and containing an organic matter in a quantity of not more than 10 mg per liter, for at least 10 seconds at a pressure of from 1 kg.multidot.f/cm.sup.2 to 300 kg.multidot.f/cm.sup.2.
摘要翻译:通过该方法处理电子照相感光构件的基板的方法包括以下步骤: a)切割基材的表面以除去所需厚度的表面; 和b)使基材的切割表面与温度为5℃至90℃的水接触,其在25℃下的电阻率不小于11M OMEGA xcm,其中包含具有 每毫升不超过10,000个颗粒的粒径不小于0.2μm的粒径,含有总活细胞数不超过100毫升的微生物,并且含有不大于10的有机物质 在1kgxf / cm 2至300kgxf / cm 2的压力下至少10秒钟。
摘要:
Flanges used in a photosensitive drum to be regenerated are assembled in a regenerated electrophotography photosensitive drum employing a regenerated cylinder having a diameter enlarged by regeneration processes.The regenerated electrophotography photosensitive drum is obtained by enlarging the diameter of the photosensitive drum to be regenerated whose photosensitive film has not functioned normally because of being used up or damaged during preparation or the like, cutting off the surface, including the photosensitive film, of the cylinder with predetermined precision with respect to the outer diameter and the surface, and forming a photosensitive film on the resultant regenerated cylinder. A flange with a bearing used in the photosensitive drum to be regenerated is assembled in the flange attachment position of the regenerated electrophotography photosensitive drum with a spacer placed for adjusting the inner diameter increment and axial contruction due to the diameter enlargement, thereby obtaining the regenerated electrophotography photosensitive drum unit.
摘要:
An improved microwave plasma CVD apparatus for forming a functional deposited film which is provided with a microwave transmissive window composed of a sintered alpha-alumina ceramics body containing alpha-alumina as a matrix comprised of fine particles with a mean particle size d satisfying the equation 0.5 .mu.m.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.50 .mu.m and with a ratio of .rho..sub.2 /.rho..sub.1 between the theoretical density .rho..sub.1 and the bulk density .rho..sub.2 satisfying the equation 0.800.ltoreq..rho..sub.2 /.rho..sub.1 .ltoreq.0.995.
摘要:
The present invention provides a technology for decreasing a dispersion of the performance among electromechanical transducers each having through wiring. A method for manufacturing an electromechanical transducer includes: obtaining a structure in which an insulative portion having a through hole therein is bonded onto an electroconductive substrate; filling the through hole with an electroconductive material to form a through wiring which is electrically connected with the electroconductive substrate; and using the electroconductive substrate as a first electrode, forming a plurality of vibrating membrane portions including a second electrode, which opposes to the first electrode through a plurality of gaps, on an opposite side of the first electrode to the side having the insulative portion, to thereby forming a plurality of cells.
摘要:
A sensor includes a movably supported movable element and an opposing member, and sensor detects a relative positional relationship between the movable element and the opposing member which are provided with a spacing therebetween. The opposing member has an impurity-doped portion which is provided at either an opposing portion, which is opposed to the movable element, or an adjoining portion, which adjoins the opposing portion. At least a part of the impurity-doped portion is formed on an opposite surface (that is, opposite to a surface that faces the movable element), from which opposite surface an electrical wiring is led out.
摘要:
A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device or apparatus having at least a semiconductor as a component, characterized by including irradiating the semiconductor with light having a longer wavelength than the absorption edge wavelength of the semiconductor to change the threshold voltage of the semiconductor device or apparatus, and checking the threshold voltage of the semiconductor device or apparatus, after or during irradiation with the light, to determine whether the threshold voltage is in a predetermined range, during manufacturing the semiconductor device or apparatus.
摘要:
Provided is a top gate thin film transistor, including on a substrate: a source electrode layer; a drain electrode layer; an oxide semiconductor layer; a gate insulating layer; a gate electrode layer including an amorphous oxide semiconductor containing at least one kind of element selected from among In, Ga, Zn, and Sn; and a protective layer containing hydrogen, in which: the gate insulating layer is formed on a channel region of the oxide semiconductor layer; the gate electrode layer is formed on the gate insulating layer; and the protective layer is formed on the gate electrode layer.