摘要:
Spatial filtering is disclosed that improves the signal to noise ration of a sample inspection system of the type having a detector and collection optics that receive radiation scattered from a point on a sample surface and direct the scattered radiation toward the detector. The spatial filtering may screen the detector from substantially all of the forward-scattered radiation from back-scattered radiation that is scattered in a at an elevation angle less than about 45° with respect to a normal to the surface. Forward scattered noise is screened from the detector while backscattered signal reaches the detector. Programmable spatial filters may be used to selectively block scattered noise due to surface roughness while transmitting scattered signal due to surface defects.
摘要:
A method of producing a nanoporous silica dielectric film having improved mechanical strength. A composition is formed which comprises in admixture a porogen, a solvent, a catalyst and a combination of silicon containing pre-polymers.
摘要:
The present invention provides a composition comprising: (a) dielectric material; and (b) porogen comprising at least two fused aromatic rings wherein each of the fused aromatic rings has at least one alkyl substituent thereon and a bond exists between at least two of the alkyl substituents on adjacent aromatic rings. Preferably, the dielectric material is a composition comprising (a) thermosetting component comprising (1) optionally monomer of Formula I as set forth below and (2) at least one oligomer or polymer of Formula II as set forth below where Q, G, h, I, I, and w are as set forth below and (b) porogen. Preferably, the porogen is selected from the group consisting of unfunctionalized polyacenaphthylene homopolymer, functionalized polyacenaphthylene homopolymer, polyacenaphthylene copolymer, polynorbornene, polycaprolactone, poly(2-vinylnaphthalene), vinyl anthracene, polystyrene, polystyrene derivatives, polysiloxane, polyester, polyether, polyacrylate, aliphatic polycarbonate, polysulfone, polylactide, and blends thereof. The present compositions are particularly useful as dielectric substrate material in microchips, multichip modules, laminated circuit boards, and printed wiring boards.
摘要:
The present invention provides a composition comprising: (a) dielectric material; and (b) porogen comprising at least two fused aromatic rings wherein each of the fused aromatic rings has at least one alkyl substituent thereon and a bond exists between at least two of the alkyl substituents on adjacent aromatic rings. Preferably, the dielectric material is a composition comprising (a) thermosetting component comprising (1) optionally monomer of Formula I as set forth below and (2) at least one oligomer or polymer of Formula II as set forth below where Q, G, h, I, I, and w are as set forth below and (b) porogen. Preferably, the porogen is selected from the group consisting of unfunctionalized polyacenaphthylene homopolymer, functionalized polyacenaphthylene homopolymer, polyacenaphthylene copolymer, polynorbornene, polycaprolactone, poly(2-vinylnaphthalene), vinyl anthracene, polystyrene, polystyrene derivatives, polysiloxane, polyester, polyether, polyacrylate, aliphatic polycarbonate, polysulfone, polylactide, and blends thereof. The present compositions are particularly useful as dielectric substrate material in microchips, multichip modules, laminated circuit boards, and printed wiring boards.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for measuring fat thickness in a target body part are provided. The apparatus includes a light emitter emitting near infrared rays, an inner reflector having a reflecting plane outside to reflect the near infrared rays emitted by the light emitter, an outer reflector surrounding the inner reflector and having a reflecting plane inside to reflect the near infrared rays emitted by the light emitter, a light receiver receiving light reflected from the target body part in response to the near infrared rays, and a calculator calculating the fat thickness in the target body part using the light received by the light receiver.
摘要:
Motors and associated methods. Representative motors include high-conversion efficiency, unidirectional or bidirectional small-scale hot gas vane motors. An injection chamber receives hot injection gases. A non-circular stator is coupled to the injection chamber, and the non-circular stator is designed for maximum expansion of the hot injection gas. A rotor is coupled to the non-circular stator and accelerates when the hot injection gas expands, resulting in a conversion of hot injection gas to rotary mechanical power.
摘要:
The present invention provides a composition comprising: (a) thermosetling component comprising (1) optionally at least one monomer of Formula I as sel forth below and (2) at least one oligomer or polymer of Formula II set forth below where E is a cage compound (defined below); each Q is the same or different and selected from hydrogen, aryl, branched aryl, and substituted aryl wherein the substituents include hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, aryl ether, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyaryl, hydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyalkynyl, hydroxyl, or carboxyl; Gw is aryl or substituted aryl where substituents include halogen and alkyl; h is from 0 to 10; i is from 0 to 10; j is from 0 to 10; and w is 0 or 1; adhesion promoter comprising compound having least bifunctionality wherein the bifunctionality may be the same or different and the first functionality is capable of interacting with the thermosetting component (a) and the second functionality is capable of interacting with a substrate when the composition is applied to the substrate. The present compositions may be used as a dielectric substrate material, etch stop, hardmask, or air bridge in microchips, multichip modules, laminated circuit boards, or printed wiring boards. The present composition may also be used as a passive coating for enveloping a completed wafer.
摘要:
An apparatus to provide a novel bi-voltage level switching. The apparatus includes a first level shifting buffer coupled to a voltage supply, an input, and a first transistor. The first transistor coupled to the voltage supply and an output. A second level shifting buffer coupled to the voltage supply, the input and second transistor. The second transistor coupled to the output and a voltage source.
摘要:
The negative charge pump of one embodiment comprises an N type switching device to transfer negative charge from its source terminal to its drain terminal. A boot capacitor is coupled to a control terminal of the switching device and forms a boot node between the capacitor and control terminal, boot capacitor to increase a voltage on the boot node. The pump comprises a pull-up device coupled to the switching device, the pull-up device to selectively discharge the boot node. The pump comprises an N type control device coupled to the pull-up device, the control device to selectively enable and disable the pull-up device. The pump comprises an N type pull-down device coupled to the switch device, the pull-up device to selectively precharge the boot node. The pump comprises a pair of N type well biasices coupled to substrate terminals of the switching, pull-up, control, and pull-down devices.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for self initialization for charge pumps. The method of one embodiment comprises generating a pumped voltage at an output of the circuit. The pumped voltage is sent to a first switch. A determination is made as to whether the circuit is in a first power state. The first switch is activated to couple the pumped voltage to an initialization mechanism if the circuit is in said first power state. An internal pump node in the circuit is initialized to a first voltage potential. The first switch is deactivated to decouple the pumped voltage from the initialization mechanism after the internal pump node is charged to desired level.