公开(公告)号：US4990372A

公开(公告)日：1991-02-05

申请号：US388104

申请日：1989-07-31

申请人： Swaminathan Sunder ,  Diwakar Garg ,  Paul N. Dyer

发明人： Swaminathan Sunder ,  Diwakar Garg ,  Paul N. Dyer

IPC分类号： C23C16/08 ,  C23C16/14 ,  C23C16/30 ,  C23C16/32 ,  C23C28/00

CPC分类号： C23C16/30 ,  C23C16/08 ,  C23C16/14 ,  C23C16/32 ,  C23C28/00

摘要： A method is described for improving the erosion and abrasion wear resistance and hardness of the internal wear surfaces of structures such as nozzles, jets, ducts, chutes, powder handling tubes, valve housings, conveyors, drill bushings and the like. A substantially pure tungsten layer is chemical vapor deposited on the internal wear surface of the body of the structure followed by a chemical vapor deposited top coating comprising a mixture of tungsten and tungsten carbide. The tungsten carbide is selected from the group consisting of W.sub.2 C, W.sub.3 C, and mixtures thereof and is fine grained, non-columnar and has a substantially layered microstructure. Also described are structures formed by the method.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于改善诸如喷嘴，喷嘴，管道，滑槽，粉末处理管，阀壳体，输送机，钻井套管等结构的内部磨损表面的耐蚀磨损性和硬度的方法。 基本上纯的钨层被化学气相沉积在结构体的内部磨损表面上，随后是包含钨和碳化钨的混合物的化学气相沉积顶部涂层。 碳化钨选自W2C，W3C及其混合物，并且是细晶粒，非柱状的并且具有基本上分层的微结构。 还描述了通过该方法形成的结构。

公开(公告)号：US4945640A

公开(公告)日：1990-08-07

申请号：US319774

申请日：1989-03-07

申请人： Diwakar Garg ,  Carl F. Meuller ,  Ernest L. Wrecsics ,  Paul N. Dyer ,  Mark A. Pellman

发明人： Diwakar Garg ,  Carl F. Meuller ,  Ernest L. Wrecsics ,  Paul N. Dyer ,  Mark A. Pellman

IPC分类号： C23C16/00 ,  B32B27/14 ,  C23C16/08 ,  C23C16/14 ,  C23C16/30 ,  C23C16/32 ,  C23C28/00 ,  C23C30/00

CPC分类号： C23C16/08 ,  C23C16/14 ,  C23C16/30 ,  C23C16/32 ,  C23C28/00 ,  C23C30/005

摘要： A method is described for improving the erosion and abrasion resistance of a sharp edged metal structure. A base layer of a noble metal is formed on the surface of the body of the structure followed by a chemical vapor deposited outer coating comprising a mixture of tungsten and tungsten carbide. The tungsten carbide is selected from the group consisting of W.sub.2 C, W.sub.3 C, and mixtures thereof and is fine grained, non-columnar and having a substantially layered microstructure. Also described is a sharp edged metal structure formed by the method.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于改善尖锐金属结构的耐腐蚀和耐磨性的方法。 在结构体的表面上形成贵金属的基层，然后是包含钨和碳化钨混合物的化学气相沉积外涂层。 碳化钨选自W2C，W3C及其混合物，并且是细晶粒，非柱状的并且具有基本上分层的微观结构。 还描述了通过该方法形成的尖锐的金属结构。

公开(公告)号：US4855188A

公开(公告)日：1989-08-08

申请号：US153738

申请日：1988-02-08

申请人： Diwakar Garg ,  Paul N. Dyer ,  Leslie E. Schaffer ,  Ernest L. Wrecsics ,  Duane Dimos ,  Carl F. Mueller

发明人： Diwakar Garg ,  Paul N. Dyer ,  Leslie E. Schaffer ,  Ernest L. Wrecsics ,  Duane Dimos ,  Carl F. Mueller

IPC分类号： C23C14/06 ,  C23C16/14 ,  C23C16/30 ,  C23C16/32 ,  C23C28/00

CPC分类号： C23C28/00 ,  C23C16/14 ,  C23C16/30 ,  Y10T428/12576 ,  Y10T428/12583 ,  Y10T428/1284 ,  Y10T428/12944

摘要： A highly erosive and abrasive wear resistant composite coating system is described in which an intermediate layer of substantially pure tungsten is deposited on a substrate. An outer layer is then deposited comprised of a mixture of tungsten and tungsten carbide, with the tungsten carbide consisting of W.sub.2 C, W.sub.3 C or a mixture of both. The thickness of the intermediate layer is sufficient to confer substantial erosive and abrasive wear resistance characteristics on the composite coating system. The ratio of the thickness of the intermediate layer to the thickness of the outer layer is controlled and is at least above 0.30 in the cases of W+W.sub.3 C, W+W.sub.2 C+W.sub.3 C and W+W.sub.2 C coatings.

公开(公告)号：US4626342A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-02

申请号：US792393

申请日：1985-10-29

申请人： Diwakar Garg ,  Swaminathan Sunder

发明人： Diwakar Garg ,  Swaminathan Sunder

IPC分类号： C10G1/08 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10G1/06

CPC分类号： C10G1/086

摘要： An improved process for catalytic solvent refining or hydroliquefaction of non-anthracitic coal at elevated temperatures under hydrogen pressure in a solvent comprises using as catalyst a mixture of a 1,2- or 1,4-quinone and an alkaline compound, selected from ammonium, alkali metal, and alkaline earth metal oxides, hydroxides or salts of weak acids.

摘要翻译： 催化溶剂精制或在高温下在氢气压力下在溶剂中的非无烟煤的水解液的改进方法包括使用1,2-或1,4-醌与碱性化合物的混合物，其选自铵， 碱金属和碱土金属氧化物，弱酸的氢氧化物或盐。

公开(公告)号：US4617106A

公开(公告)日：1986-10-14

申请号：US780507

申请日：1985-07-26

申请人： Diwakar Garg

发明人： Diwakar Garg

IPC分类号： C10G1/08 ,  C10G1/06

CPC分类号： C10G1/086

摘要： Improved catalysts for catalytic solvent refining or hydroliquefaction of non-anthracitic coal at elevated temperatures under hydrogen pressure in a hydrogen donor solvent comprise a combination of zinc or copper, or a compound thereof, and a Group VI or non-ferrous Group VIII metal, or a compound thereof.

摘要翻译： 改进的催化溶剂精炼或在氢气供给溶剂中的氢气压力下在高温下的非无烟煤的水解液的催化剂包括锌或铜或其化合物和VI族或有色金属VIII族金属的组合，或 其化合物。

公开(公告)号：US08663596B2

公开(公告)日：2014-03-04

申请号：US12692978

申请日：2010-01-25

申请人： Diwakar Garg ,  Xianming Jimmy Li ,  Uday Navin Parekh ,  Jung Soo Choe ,  Elmo Nasato

发明人： Diwakar Garg ,  Xianming Jimmy Li ,  Uday Navin Parekh ,  Jung Soo Choe ,  Elmo Nasato

IPC分类号： C01B17/027 ,  B01J8/02

CPC分类号： C01B17/027 ,  B01J19/32 ,  B01J2219/3221 ,  B01J2219/32227 ,  B01J2219/32408 ,  B01J2219/32425 ,  B01J2219/32466 ,  C01B17/0232

摘要： Disclosed is a reactor, a structured packing, and a method for increasing the rate of decomposition of polysulfides and oxidation of polysulfides and hydrogen sulfide in liquid sulfur. The reactor, the structured packing, and the method involve a structured packing for contacting a first stream and a second stream in a reactor including a catalyst. The catalyst increases the rate of decomposition of polysulfides and oxidation of polysulfides and hydrogen sulfide in the liquid sulfur of the first stream with the second stream. The first stream includes liquid sulfur containing polysulfides and dissolved hydrogen sulfide. The second stream includes an oxygen-containing gas.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种反应器，规整填料，以及提高多硫化物分解速率和硫化氢和硫化氢在液态硫中氧化的方法。 反应器，规整填料和该方法涉及用于在包括催化剂的反应器中使第一流和第二流接触的规整填料。 催化剂使第二流中多硫化物的分解速率和第一流的液硫中多硫化物和硫化氢的氧化速率增加。 第一流包括含硫的多硫化物和溶解的硫化氢。 第二流包括含氧气体。

公开(公告)号：US20120148479A1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-14

申请号：US12962712

申请日：2010-12-08

申请人： Uday Navin Parekh ,  Stephen Neal Fenderson ,  Diwakar Garg ,  Guglielmo Nasato

发明人： Uday Navin Parekh ,  Stephen Neal Fenderson ,  Diwakar Garg ,  Guglielmo Nasato

IPC分类号： C01B17/02 ,  C01F7/02 ,  B01J21/08 ,  B01D53/52 ,  B01J21/04 ,  B01J21/06 ,  B01J21/02 ,  C01G23/047 ,  B01J21/12

CPC分类号： C01B17/0232 ,  B01J4/004 ,  B01J19/32 ,  B01J21/04 ,  B01J21/063 ,  B01J23/02 ,  B01J23/745 ,  B01J37/0225 ,  B01J2219/00182 ,  B01J2219/3221 ,  B01J2219/3222 ,  B01J2219/32237 ,  B01J2219/32262 ,  B01J2219/32408 ,  B01J2219/32466

摘要： Disclosed is a reactor, a retained catalyst structure, and a method for increasing the rate of decomposition of polysulfides and removal of hydrogen sulfide in liquid sulfur. The reactor, the retained catalyst structure, and the method include a retained catalyst structure arranged and disposed for contacting a first stream and a second stream in a reactor including a catalyst. The catalyst increases the rate of decomposition of polysulfides and facilitates the removal of hydrogen sulfide in the liquid sulfur of the first stream with the second stream. The first stream includes liquid sulfur containing polysulfides and dissolved hydrogen sulfide. The second stream includes an inert gas or a low oxygen-containing gas.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种反应器，保留的催化剂结构以及用于提高多硫化物分解速率和除去液硫中硫化氢的方法。 反应器，保留的催化剂结构和方法包括保留的催化剂结构，其布置和设置用于使第一料流和第二料流在包括催化剂的反应器中接触。 催化剂增加了多硫化物的分解速率，并促进了第二流中第一流液体硫中硫化氢的去除。 第一流包括含硫的多硫化物和溶解的硫化氢。 第二流包括惰性气体或低含氧气体。

公开(公告)号：US07985449B2

公开(公告)日：2011-07-26

申请号：US11738187

申请日：2007-04-20

申请人： Diwakar Garg ,  Hansong Cheng ,  John Anthony Thomas Norman ,  Eduardo Machado ,  Pablo Ordejon

发明人： Diwakar Garg ,  Hansong Cheng ,  John Anthony Thomas Norman ,  Eduardo Machado ,  Pablo Ordejon

IPC分类号： C23C16/06

CPC分类号： H01L21/76843 ,  C23C14/58 ,  C23C14/5846 ,  H01L21/28556 ,  H01L21/3205 ,  H01L21/32051 ,  H01L21/76856 ,  H01L21/76876

摘要： A process is described for depositing a metal film on a substrate surface having a diffusion barrier layer deposited thereupon. In one embodiment of the present invention, the process includes: providing a surface of the diffusion barrier layer that is substantially free of an elemental metal and forming the metal film on at least a portion of the surface via deposition by using a organometallic precursor. In certain embodiments, the diffusion barrier layer may be exposed to an adhesion promoting agent prior to or during at least a portion of the forming step. Suitable adhesion promoting agents include nitrogen, nitrogen-containing compounds, carbon-containing compounds, carbon and nitrogen containing compounds, silicon-containing compounds, silicon and carbon containing compounds, silicon, carbon, and nitrogen containing compounds, or mixtures thereof. The process of the present invention provides substrates having enhanced adhesion between the diffusion barrier layer and the metal film.

摘要翻译： 描述了在其上沉积有扩散阻挡层的衬底表面上沉积金属膜的方法。 在本发明的一个实施方案中，该方法包括：提供基本上不含元素金属的扩散阻挡层的表面，并通过使用有机金属前体沉积在至少部分表面上形成金属膜。 在某些实施方案中，扩散阻挡层可以在形成步骤的至少一部分之前或期间暴露于粘合促进剂。 合适的粘合促进剂包括氮，含氮化合物，含碳化合物，含碳和氮的化合物，含硅化合物，含硅和碳的化合物，硅，碳和氮的化合物或其混合物。 本发明的方法提供了在扩散阻挡层和金属膜之间具有增强的粘附性的基底。

公开(公告)号：US07449167B2

公开(公告)日：2008-11-11

申请号：US10888658

申请日：2004-07-08

申请人： Diwakar Garg ,  Shankar Nataraj ,  Kevin Boyle Fogash ,  James Richard O'Leary ,  William Robert Licht ,  Sanjay Mehta ,  Eugene S. Genkin

发明人： Diwakar Garg ,  Shankar Nataraj ,  Kevin Boyle Fogash ,  James Richard O'Leary ,  William Robert Licht ,  Sanjay Mehta ,  Eugene S. Genkin

IPC分类号： B01J8/02 ,  C01B3/26 ,  B01J23/755

CPC分类号： C10G11/02 ,  B01J23/78 ,  B01J35/10 ,  B01J35/1009 ,  B01J35/1066 ,  B01J35/108 ,  C01B3/40 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/1058 ,  C01B2203/1094 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： A process for adiabatically prereforming a feedstock, includes: providing an adiabatic reactor; providing a catalyst containing 1-20 wt. % nickel and 0.4-5 wt. % potassium, wherein the catalyst has an overall catalyst porosity of 25-50% with 20-80% of the overall catalyst porosity contributed by pores having pore diameters of at least 500 Å; providing the feedstock containing natural gas and steam, wherein the natural gas contains an initial concentration of higher hydrocarbons, and a ratio of steam to natural gas in the feedstock is from 1.5:1 to 5:1; preheating the feedstock to a temperature of 300-700° C. to provide a heated feedstock; providing the heated feedstock to the reactor; and producing a product containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unreacted methane, and steam, wherein said product contains a reduced concentration of higher hydrocarbons less than the initial concentration of higher hydrocarbons, to prereform the feedstock.

摘要翻译： 一种用于绝热预成型原料的方法包括：提供绝热反应器; 提供含有1-20重量％ 镍和0.4-5重量％ ％的钾，其中催化剂的总催化剂孔隙率为25-50％，其中总孔催化剂孔隙率由孔径至少为500埃的孔占20-80％。 提供含有天然气和蒸汽的原料，其中天然气含有高级烃的初始浓度，原料中蒸汽与天然气的比例为1.5:1至5:1; 将原料预热至300-700℃的温度以提供加热的原料; 将加热的原料提供给反应器; 并且生产含有氢，一氧化碳，二氧化碳，未反应的甲烷和蒸汽的产物，其中所述产物含有低于高级烃的初始浓度的较低浓度的高级烃，以预先反应原料。

公开(公告)号：US20080131361A1

公开(公告)日：2008-06-05

申请号：US11633991

申请日：2006-12-05

申请人： Diwakar Garg ,  Kevin Boyle Fogash

发明人： Diwakar Garg ,  Kevin Boyle Fogash

IPC分类号： C01B3/26

CPC分类号： C01B3/40 ,  B01J8/062 ,  B01J23/58 ,  B01J23/755 ,  B01J23/78 ,  B01J37/0225 ,  B01J37/0242 ,  B01J2208/0084 ,  B01J2208/00849 ,  B01J2208/025 ,  C01B3/382 ,  C01B3/384 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/085 ,  C01B2203/1005 ,  C01B2203/1047 ,  C01B2203/1058 ,  C01B2203/1064 ,  C01B2203/107 ,  C01B2203/1094 ,  C01B2203/1235 ,  C01B2203/1241 ,  C01B2203/142 ,  C01B2203/82 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： A process and apparatus for producing hydrogen from a gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons and steam are disclosed. The process includes first reacting the hydrocarbon gas and steam in the presence of a precious metal catalyst on a structural support and then reacting the resulting gas mixture in the presence of a non-precious metal catalyst. The apparatus includes a vessel having an inlet and an outlet. The precious metal catalyst is supported on the structural support positioned at the inlet. The non-precious metal catalyst is supported on a support medium positioned between the structural support and the outlet. The support medium may be a granular medium or a structural support.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种从烃和蒸汽的气体混合物产生氢气的方法和装置。 该方法包括首先使贵金属催化剂存在下的烃气体和蒸汽在结构载体上反应，然后使所得气体混合物在非贵金属催化剂存在下反应。 该装置包括具有入口和出口的容器。 贵金属催化剂负载在位于入口处的结构支撑体上。 非贵重金属催化剂被支撑在位于结构支架和出口之间的支撑介质上。 载体介质可以是粒状介质或结构载体。