摘要:
A process for preparing a monodisperse core/shell type silver halide photographic emulsion comprising silver halide grains wherein the average silver iodide content in the grains is 0.5 to 10 mole % and each of the grains comprises a core portion having no silver iodide. The silver halide grains are caused to grow from seed crystals having substantially no twin crystal by supplying silver ions and halide ions in the presence of protective colloid. The supplying speeds of silver ions and halide ions are gradually increased as the grains grow and the supply of iodide ions in the halide ions is made before the completion of supply of silver ions. The content of ammonia contained in liquid phase emulsion is fixed to the value that is 0.3 normal or more and pAg is fixed to the value that is less than 8 for the supply of iodide ions.
摘要:
A data processing apparatus includes: a receiving unit configured to receive input data including processing-target data from outside; a measuring unit configured to measure the data amount of the processing-target data included in the received input data; a data processing unit configured to perform predetermined processing on the processing-target data, and to output a result of the processing as output data; and a control unit configured to set the data processing unit to an active state based on reception of the input data by the receiving unit, and when the data amount of the output data reaches the data amount of data obtained by performing the predetermined processing on data of the data amount measured by the measuring unit, to set the data processing unit to a sleep state.
摘要:
The present disclosure generally relates to improvements in validating control specifications and more particularly pertains to a system and method to hierarchically validate graphically based executable logic control specifications. This method may include identifying, by a processor for hierarchically validating a graphically based logic control specification, a functional hierarchy of a first application of the control specification comprising a first feature. The method may include executing, by the processor, a specific first feature test case on the first feature to at least one of validate a structure of the first feature and validate that a specific functional requirement of the first feature is met.
摘要:
A diagnostic system for a vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine acquires a diagnostic driving pattern defined by a vehicle speed; stores a drive train model for calculating a torque and rotational speed of the internal combustion engine backward from a vehicle speed and an acceleration; stores map data in which a fuel consumption is associated with a torque and rotational speed of the internal combustion engine; updates the map data on the basis of a result of actual control over the internal combustion engine; uses the drive train model to calculate changes in torque and rotational speed of the internal combustion engine when the vehicle is caused to drive in accordance with the driving pattern; and uses the calculated changes in torque and rotational speed and the map data to calculate a fuel efficiency when the vehicle is caused to drive in accordance with the driving pattern.
摘要:
A exhaust catalyst temperature estimating apparatus is provided for estimating a exhaust catalyst temperature of a exhaust catalyst in which a catalyst is loaded on a support and arranged in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. The exhaust catalyst temperature estimating apparatus estimates the exhaust catalyst temperature using a first model formula to calculate a current exhaust catalyst temperature of the exhaust catalyst based on a parameter corresponding to a current exhaust gas status. The first model formula is empirically determined such that a exhaust catalyst temperature that excludes heat generated by a chemical reaction is calculated for the parameter by using the support prior to being loaded with the catalyst, or is a physical formula of the support prior to being loaded with the catalyst such that a exhaust catalyst temperature excludes heat generated by a chemical reaction is calculated for the parameter.
摘要:
To reduce power consumption, a data transmission apparatus comprises: a memory; a timing instruction unit which indicates a start timing of outputting data from the memory; a first interface which outputs data stored in the memory according to the timing instruction unit; a second interface which transfers the data from the first interface to a buffer; and a control unit which issues a command to perform transition of the first interface and the second interface to a power saving state based on the data output start timing indicated by the timing instruction unit, and a sum of a time required to perform transition of the first interface and the second interface to the power saving state and a time required to return from the power saving state.
摘要:
A control device for an internal combustion engine which, at cold starting, enables an ignition timing retard control for warm-up of a catalyst device and a speed feedback control by means of ignition timing for converging an engine speed to a target speed includes a function for comparing a final ignition timing with a retard lower limit value, and a function for changing the target speed based upon the result of the comparing. When the final ignition timing reaches the retard lower limit value, the target speed is increased by a predetermined speed and when a difference between the final ignition timing and the retard lower limit value exceeds a predetermined angle on an advance side, the target speed is decreased by a predetermined speed. In this way, at cold starting, the engine speed is early converged to the target speed while restricting rotational variations and early warm-up of a catalyst device can be certainly realized.
摘要:
A diagnostic system for a vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine acquires a diagnostic driving pattern defined by a vehicle speed; stores a drive train model for calculating a torque and rotational speed of the internal combustion engine backward from a vehicle speed and an acceleration; stores map data in which a fuel consumption is associated with a torque and rotational speed of the internal combustion engine; updates the map data on the basis of a result of actual control over the internal combustion engine; uses the drive train model to calculate changes in torque and rotational speed of the internal combustion engine when the vehicle is caused to drive in accordance with the driving pattern; and uses the calculated changes in torque and rotational speed and the map data to calculate a fuel efficiency when the vehicle is caused to drive in accordance with the driving pattern.
摘要:
A data processing apparatus comprises: a receiving unit configured to receive input data including processing-target data from outside; a measuring unit configured to measure a data amount of the processing-target data included in the received input data; a data processing unit configured to perform predetermined processing on the processing-target data, and to output a result of the processing as output data; and a control unit configured to set the data processing unit to an active state based on reception of the input data by the receiving unit, and when a data amount of the output data reaches a data amount of data obtained by performing the predetermined processing on data of the data amount measured by the measuring unit, to set the data processing unit to a sleep state.
摘要:
Disclosed are a control device and a control method that are used with an internal combustion engine in which the air-fuel ratio in the vicinity of an ignition plug differs from the overall air-fuel ratio in a cylinder, and capable of properly fulfilling demands concerning various capabilities of the internal combustion engine by accurately reflecting each of the demands in the operation of each actuator. Three physical quantities, namely, a torque, an efficiency, and an air-fuel ratio, are used as controlled variables for the internal combustion engine. Target values for the controlled variables are then set by integrating at least some of demands concerning a capability of the internal combustion engine into the three physical quantities. Further, in accordance with the target values for the three controlled variables, namely, the torque, the efficiency, and the air-fuel ratio, three operation amounts, namely, an intake air amount adjustment valve opening, an ignition timing, and a fuel injection amount are set, and a fourth operation amount for adjusting the air-fuel ratio distribution in the cylinder is set.