摘要:
An electrolytic cell for producing a brine containing hydrogen peroxide is disclosed. Units for hydrogen peroxide production 3 and units for water electrolysis 2 are alternately arranged in the same electrolytic cell 1. Electrolysis is conducted while supplying hydrogen gas and oxygen gas generating in the respective water electrolysis units to a gas diffusion anode 11 and a gas diffusion cathode 13 of each unit for hydrogen peroxide production, to thereby obtain a brine containing hydrogen peroxide in a high concentration. Furthermore, because the anode of the hydrogen peroxide production units is a hydrogen gas diffusion anode having a reduced oxidizing ability, halogen ions contained in the seawater do not yield harmful halogenated organic substances.
摘要:
The present invention is intended to prevent the formation of impurities such as chlorate in electrolysis using the ion exchange membrane method, without resorting to the addition of hydrochloric acid to counter the migration of alkali hydroxide from the cathode compartment to the anode compartment. The method of the present invention includes feeding a portion of an aqueous solution of an alkali chloride (as the raw material) into an auxiliary electrolytic cell of the cation exchange membrane type in which the anode is a hydrogen gas electrode, thereby effecting electrolysis to generate hydrochloric acid in the anode compartment, and then feeding the hydrochloric acid-containing aqueous solution of alkali chloride into the main electrolytic cell, thereby neutralizing the alkali hydroxide which migrates from the cathode compartment. This method inherently forms hydrochloric acid in the system, obviating the need for having an additional facility for synthesis of hydrochloric acid, thus permitting the efficient production of alkali hydroxide and chlorine without the addition of hydrochloric acid.
摘要:
The electrolytic cell 1 for producing alkali hydroxide or hydrogen peroxide is divided into the anode compartment 3 and the cathode compartment 4 by the cation exchange membrane 2. The cathode compartment 4 is further divided by the anion exchange membrane 6 into the solution compartment 7 containing a concentrated aqueous solution of alkali hydroxide and the gas compartment accommodating the gas cathode 8. The anion exchange membrane 6 prevents the gas cathode 8 from coming into direct or indirect contact with the aqueous solution of alkali hydroxide. This leads to the extended life of the gas cathode. The above-mentioned arrangement is effective in large-sized electrolytic cells. Thus, the present invention can be applied to industrial electrolysis which has never been achieved with the conventional gas electrode.
摘要:
An internal combustion engine operable on two kinds of fuel properly selected according to engine operating conditions. A control system is provided which controls the total amount of fuel supplied to the engine in response to intake air flow and controls the ratio between the amounts of the two kinds of fuel supplied to the engine in response to engine load.
摘要:
A control system for an internal combustion engine comprises a transducer for issuing a signal representative of combustion pressure in a combustion chamber, a unit consisting of a bandpass filter and a wave-form shaping circuit for issuing a signal representative of existing combustion timing of the combustion chamber by processing the signal from the transducer for detection of rapid increase of the combustion pressure; a reference timing circuit for issuing a signal representative of a predetermined reference combustion timing of the combustion chamber in accordance with operation modes of the engine, a comparator circuit for issuing a signal representative of a difference between the signal from the unit and the signal from the reference timing circuit, and a unit consisting of a discriminating circuit and an actuator driving circuit for controlling the ignition timing, the air-fuel ratio of air-fuel mixture and the amount of exhaust gas recirculated into the intake system of the engine, by processing the signal from the comparator circuit.
摘要:
An EGR control system includes a plurality of ON-OFF air valves to control the amount of air admitted into a control passage extending from a source of constant vacuum to a control vacuum chamber upon which an EGR control valve is operated. The air valves are selectively energized by a controller containing a microcomputer wherein an exhaust gas control strategy is stored.
摘要:
Siamesed exhaust ports are formed in an engine cylinder head and contain therein port liners. An exhaust manifold has therein an aftercombustion chamber which is enclosed by a heat insulator and communicates with the siamesed exhaust ports thereby preventing reduction of temperature of the exhaust gases admitted into an exhaust manifold from the engine. Thus, sufficient oxidation of the combustible compounds in the exhaust gases is achieved in the aftercombustion chamber of the exhaust manifold.
摘要:
A restrictor in an exhaust gas feed conduit to the intake manifold has therein an opening operable to allow the exhaust gases passing through the opening to have a sonic velocity. A valve operates in response to the flow rate of the intake air passing through the carburetor for proportionally controlling the flow rate of the feeding exhaust gases with that of the intake air. The flow rate communicated to the valve has an atmospheric bleed controlled by a solenoid valve energized by a transmission switch.
摘要:
An air-pollution preventive arrangement for use with an internal combustion engine for motor vehicles, adapted to reduce the concentrations of noxious compounds such as unburned hydrocarbons and carbonmonoxides contained in the engine exhaust gases. The arrangement comprises a thermal reactor for primarily re-combusting the exhaust gases and a catalytic converter for secondarily recombusting the exhaust gases passed from the thermal reactor so as to oxidize the residual unburned compounds. An air injection unit supplies additional air which is admixed, in a limited proportion, to the exhaust gases entering the thermal reactor to aid in the primary re-combustion of the exhaust gases therein. The noxious unconsumed hydrocarbons and carbon-monoxides are thus converted into innocuous compounds at efficiencies which are far higher than those attained where the thermal reactor or the catalytic converter is employed independently. Such additional air may also be admixed to the exhaust gases entering the catalytic converter which is located downstream of the thermal reactor, whereby the re-combustion efficiencies of the reactor and converter are maintained at high levels throughout varying driving conditions of the motor vehicle. The arrangement may also comprise a second catalytic converter which is adapted to reduce nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases.
摘要:
This invention provides a surface elastic wave device constituted by a unitary body of a piezoelectric plate having a pair of transducers thereon, which unitary body is embedded in a casing, and wherein the wave propagation of a surface elastic wave generated on the surface of the piezoelectric plate during excitation of the device is prevented from being transferred to the casing by a thin film inserted between the casing and the wave propagation surface of the piezoelectric plate or by using as the casing a roll of flexible sheet which has the same function of wave propagation prevention as that of the thin film. This device is advantageous because it has a low spurious signal level without incrementing insertion loss, is easy to manufacture and is inexpensive. This invention also provides an effective method of making the device.