Distributed network system architecture for collaborative computing

    公开(公告)号:US20060248144A1

    公开(公告)日:2006-11-02

    申请号:US11480659

    申请日:2006-07-03

    CPC classification number: H04L12/1827 H04L67/1095 H04L69/329 H04L69/40

    Abstract: A distributed collaborative computer system is provided that comprises a plurality of server computers interconnected via a high-speed link. Client computers can connect to any available server computer and start or join a conference hosted on either the server computer to which the client computer is connected or any other server in the system. As a result, the system and method of the present invention is easily scalable to support an arbitrary number of participants to a conference by merely adding the appropriate number of server computers to the system. In addition, by replicating the conference information on more than one server computer, the single point of failure limitation is eliminated. In fact, if a server hosting or participating in a conference malfunctions, the failure is detected by other server computers and the client computer is able to reconnect to the conference through a new server computer.

    Interleaver using spatial birefringent elements
    52.
    发明授权
    Interleaver using spatial birefringent elements 失效
    交织器使用空间双折射元件

    公开(公告)号:US06781754B2

    公开(公告)日:2004-08-24

    申请号:US09876368

    申请日:2001-06-07

    Applicant: Bin Zhao

    Inventor: Bin Zhao

    CPC classification number: G02B27/283

    Abstract: An interleaver has an input polarization beam displacer, a birefringent filter assembly in optical communication with the input polarization beam displacer, a first output polarization beam displacer in optical communication with the birefringent filter assembly and a second output polarization beam displacer optical communication with the first output polarization beam displacer. The birefringent filter assembly preferably comprises at least one birefringent filter stage, wherein each birefringent filter stage comprises a first filter polarization beam displacer, a second filter polarization beam displacer and at least one reflector configured so as to direct light from first filter polarization beam displacer to the second filter of polarization beam displacer.

    Abstract translation: 交织器具有输入偏振光束置换器,与输入偏振光束置换器光学通信的双折射滤光器组件,与双折射滤光器组件光学通信的第一输出偏振光束置换器和与第一输出光学通信的第二输出偏振光束置换器 偏振光束置换器。 双折射滤光器组件优选地包括至少一个双折射滤光器级,其中每个双折射滤光镜级包括第一滤光器偏振光束置换器,第二滤光器偏振光束置换器和至少一个反射器,其被配置为将来自第一滤光器偏振光束置换器的光引导到 偏振光束置换器的第二滤光器。

    Method of forming dual-damascene interconnect structures employing low-k dielectric materials
    53.
    发明授权
    Method of forming dual-damascene interconnect structures employing low-k dielectric materials 有权
    使用低k电介质材料形成双镶嵌互连结构的方法

    公开(公告)号:US06627539B1

    公开(公告)日:2003-09-30

    申请号:US09149910

    申请日:1998-09-09

    Abstract: Interconnects in sub-micron and sub-half-micron integrated circuit devices are fabricated using a dual damascene process incorporating a low-k dielectric. A dual-damascene structure can be implemented without the necessity of building a single damascene base, and without CMP of the low-k dielectric. This structure simplifies the manufacturing process, reduces cost, and effectively reduces intra-level and inter-level capacitance, resistivity, and noise related to substrate coupling. In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, a modified silicon oxide material such as silsesquioxane is used for the low-k dielectric in conjunction with silicon dioxide cap layers, allowing an improved process window and simplifying the etching process.

    Abstract translation: 使用包含低k电介质的双镶嵌工艺制造亚微米和亚半微米集成电路器件中的互连。 可以实现双镶嵌结构,而不需要构建单个镶嵌基底,并且不需要低k电介质的CMP。 该结构简化了制造工艺,降低了成本,并且有效地降低了与衬底耦合有关的电平,电平和电平以及噪声。 根据本发明的另一方面,与二氧化硅盖层结合使用改性氧化硅材料如倍半硅氧烷用于低k电介质,允许改进的工艺窗口并简化蚀刻工艺。

    Method of making a damascene metallization
    55.
    发明授权
    Method of making a damascene metallization 失效
    制作镶嵌金属化的方法

    公开(公告)号:US5736457A

    公开(公告)日:1998-04-07

    申请号:US811954

    申请日:1997-03-05

    Applicant: Bin Zhao

    Inventor: Bin Zhao

    Abstract: A semiconductor process and structure is provided for use in single or dual damascene metallization processes. A thin metal layer which serves as an etch stop and masking layer is deposited upon a first dielectric layer. Then, a second dielectric layer is deposited upon the thin metallization masking layer. The thin metallization masking layer provides an etch stop to form the bottom of the in-laid conductor grooves. In a dual damascene process, the thin metallization masking layer leaves open the via regions. Thus, the conductor grooves above the metallization masking layer and the via regions may be etched in the first and second dielectrics in one step. In a single damascene process, the thin metallization etch masking layer may cover the via regions. The etch stop and masking layer can be formed from any conductive or non-conductive materials whose chemical, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties are compatible with the process and circuit performance.

    Abstract translation: 提供半导体工艺和结构用于单镶嵌金属化或双镶嵌金属化工艺。 用作蚀刻停止和掩蔽层的薄金属层沉积在第一介电层上。 然后,在薄金属化掩模层上沉积第二介电层。 薄金属化掩模层提供蚀刻停止以形成嵌入式导体槽的底部。 在双镶嵌工艺中,薄的金属化掩模层离开通孔区域。 因此,可以在一个步骤中在金属化屏蔽层上方的导体沟槽和通孔区域在第一和第二电介质中被蚀刻。 在单个镶嵌工艺中,薄金属化蚀刻掩模层可以覆盖通孔区域。 蚀刻停止和掩蔽层可以由其化学,机械,热和电特性与工艺和电路性能兼容的任何导电或非导电材料形成。

    Frequency synthesis and synchronization for LED drivers
    59.
    发明授权
    Frequency synthesis and synchronization for LED drivers 有权
    LED驱动器的频率合成和同步

    公开(公告)号:US08373643B2

    公开(公告)日:2013-02-12

    申请号:US12244796

    申请日:2008-10-03

    CPC classification number: G09G3/3406 G09G2320/064

    Abstract: A PWM generation module generates a PWM data signal used to control a light emitting diode (LED) driver for one or more strings of LEDs of a display device. The PWM data signal is synchronized with the frame boundaries of the video content being displayed. The PWM generation module can configure the PWM data signal such that a new PWM cycle is initiated at the start of each successive frame, and further whereby those PWM cycles that would be prematurely terminated at frame boundaries are instead driven at a constant reference level until the frame boundary. With this configuration, a substantially linear average light intensity can be achieved across frames, thereby reducing or eliminating display distortion that is often present in other PWM cycle synchronization techniques. The PWM generation module can use a self-learning process to make adjustments to the expected number of completeable PWM cycles per frame in response to dynamic changes in the frame rate, PWM frequency, or other related display parameters.

    Abstract translation: PWM生成模块生成用于控制显示装置的一个或多个LED串的发光二极管(LED)驱动器的PWM数据信号。 PWM数据信号与正在显示的视频内容的帧边界同步。 PWM生成模块可以配置PWM数据信号,使得在每个连续帧的开始处启动新的PWM周期,并且进一步地,将在帧边界处过早终止的那些PWM周期以恒定的参考电平驱动直到 帧边界。 利用这种配置,可以跨帧实现基本线性的平均光强度,从而减少或消除其他PWM周期同步技术中经常出现的显示失真。 PWM生成模块可以使用自学习过程来响应于帧速率,PWM频率或其他相关显示参数的动态变化来调整每帧的可完成PWM周期的预期数量。

    SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING PARENTAL CONTROLS IN A CLOUD-BASED MEDIA GUIDANCE APPLICATION
    60.
    发明申请
    SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING PARENTAL CONTROLS IN A CLOUD-BASED MEDIA GUIDANCE APPLICATION 审中-公开
    基于云的媒体指导应用程序提供家长控制的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号:US20120324504A1

    公开(公告)日:2012-12-20

    申请号:US13341346

    申请日:2011-12-30

    Abstract: Systems and methods for providing parental controls in a cloud-based media guidance application may provide users with compiled listings of the user's content and parental controls for accessing that and other content based on the user equipment devices from which the content access request is received. A user may identify remote storage providers at which user content is stored, and may provide criteria for limiting or preauthorizing access to selected content by one or more user equipment devices. In response to receiving a user request, a listing of content stored with the remote storage providers may be compiled and presented in a media guidance application. A selection of any one of the user's content, as well as a selection of any other content listed in the media guidance application, may be subject to access control criteria applicable to the user equipment device from which the selection was received.

    Abstract translation: 在基于云的媒体指导应用中提供家长控制的系统和方法可以向用户提供用户内容和家长控制的编辑列表,以便基于从其接收内容访问请求的用户设备设备来访问和其他内容。 用户可以识别存储用户内容的远程存储提供商,并且可以提供用于限制或预授权对一个或多个用户设备设备对所选内容的访问的标准。 响应于接收到用户请求,存储在远程存储提供商中的内容的列表可以被编译并呈现在媒体引导应用中。 用户内容中的任何一个的选择以及媒体引导应用中列出的任何其他内容的选择可以受到适用于从其接收到选择的用户设备设备的访问控制标准。

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