公开(公告)号：US10056477B1

公开(公告)日：2018-08-21

申请号：US15604571

申请日：2017-05-24

Applicant: Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated

Inventor： Suk Choi ,  Christopher L. Chua ,  Noble M. Johnson

IPC: H01L29/04 ,  H01L29/737 ,  H01L29/08 ,  H01L29/10 ,  H01L29/205 ,  H01L29/20 ,  H01L29/45

CPC classification number: H01L29/7378 ,  H01L29/04 ,  H01L29/0817 ,  H01L29/0821 ,  H01L29/155 ,  H01L29/2003 ,  H01L29/205 ,  H01L29/452 ,  H01L29/7371

Abstract: A nitride heterojunction bipolar transistor with one or more polarization-assisted alloy hole-doped short-period superlattice layers are described herein. The transistor may comprise a substrate, a sub-collector region coupled to the substrate, a collector region coupled to the sub-collector portion, a base portion region to the collector portion, and a short-period superlattice (SPSL) emitter region coupled to the base portion. The SPSL emitter includes a plurality of first emitter layers and a plurality of second emitter layers that are alternating layers that form the SPSL emitter. The first emitter layers have a lower bandgap than the second emitter layers, and the vertical transport through the SPSL emitter region occurs via quantum tunneling. Other embodiments are also described.

公开(公告)号：US20170317474A1

公开(公告)日：2017-11-02

申请号：US15646716

申请日：2017-07-11

Applicant: Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated

Inventor： Thomas Wunderer ,  Noble M. Johnson ,  John E. Northrup

IPC: H01S5/343 ,  H01S5/32 ,  H01S5/024 ,  H01S5/04 ,  H01S5/30 ,  H01S5/14 ,  H01S5/183 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/327 ,  H01S3/109 ,  H01S5/022

CPC classification number: H01S5/343 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01S3/109 ,  H01S5/0222 ,  H01S5/02461 ,  H01S5/04 ,  H01S5/14 ,  H01S5/183 ,  H01S5/18358 ,  H01S5/18369 ,  H01S5/1838 ,  H01S5/18383 ,  H01S5/305 ,  H01S5/3086 ,  H01S5/3222 ,  H01S5/327 ,  H01S5/34333

Abstract: A vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) structure includes a heterostructure and first and second reflectors. The heterostructure comprises an active region having one or more quantum well structures configured to emit radiation at a wavelength, λlase, in response to pumping by an electron beam. One or more layers of the heterostructure may be doped. The active region is disposed between the first reflector and the second reflector and is spaced apart from the first reflector by an external cavity. An electron beam source is configured to generate the electron beam directed toward the active region. At least one electrical contact is electrically coupled to the heterostructure and is configured to provide a current path between the heterostructure and ground.

公开(公告)号：US09705288B2

公开(公告)日：2017-07-11

申请号：US14828207

申请日：2015-08-17

Applicant: Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated

Inventor： Thomas Wunderer ,  Noble M. Johnson ,  John E. Northrup

IPC: H01S5/343 ,  H01S5/024 ,  H01S5/04 ,  H01S5/14 ,  H01S5/327 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/30 ,  H01S5/32 ,  H01S5/183 ,  H01S3/109 ,  H01S5/022

CPC classification number: H01S5/343 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01S3/109 ,  H01S5/0222 ,  H01S5/02461 ,  H01S5/04 ,  H01S5/14 ,  H01S5/183 ,  H01S5/18358 ,  H01S5/18369 ,  H01S5/1838 ,  H01S5/18383 ,  H01S5/305 ,  H01S5/3086 ,  H01S5/3222 ,  H01S5/327 ,  H01S5/34333

Abstract: A vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) structure includes a heterostructure and first and second reflectors. The heterostructure comprises an active region having one or more quantum well structures configured to emit radiation at a wavelength, λlase, in response to pumping by an electron beam. One or more layers of the heterostructure may be doped. The active region is disposed between the first reflector and the second reflector and is spaced apart from the first reflector by an external cavity. An electron beam source is configured to generate the electron beam directed toward the active region. At least one electrical contact is electrically coupled to the heterostructure and is configured to provide a current path between the heterostructure and ground.

公开(公告)号：US09638637B2

公开(公告)日：2017-05-02

申请号：US14474742

申请日：2014-09-02

Applicant: Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated

Inventor： Michael Bassler ,  Peter Kiesel ,  Oliver Schmidt ,  Noble M. Johnson

IPC: G01N15/10 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N15/14

CPC classification number: G01N21/6486 ,  G01N15/1427 ,  G01N15/147 ,  G01N2015/1447 ,  G01N2015/1454 ,  Y10T436/143333 ,  Y10T436/17

Abstract: A method and system for using spatially modulated excitation/emission and relative movement between a particle (cell, molecule, aerosol, . . . ) and an excitation/emission pattern are provided. In at least one form, an interference pattern of the excitation light with submicron periodicity perpendicular to the particle flow is used. As the particle moves along the pattern, emission is modulated according to the speed of the particle and the periodicity of the stripe pattern. A single detector, which records the emission over a couple of stripes, can be used. The signal is recorded with a fast detector read-out in order to capture the “blinking” of the particles while they are moving through the excitation pattern. This concept enables light detection with high signal-to-noise ratio and high spatial resolution without the need of expensive and bulky optics.

公开(公告)号：US09400174B2

公开(公告)日：2016-07-26

申请号：US14246912

申请日：2014-04-07

Applicant: Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated

Inventor： Peter Kiesel ,  Joerg Martini ,  Eugene M. Chow ,  Scott Uhland ,  Noble M. Johnson

IPC: G01B11/14 ,  G01N15/14 ,  A61M5/30 ,  G01N15/10 ,  G01N15/00

CPC classification number: A61M5/3015 ,  A61M5/2053 ,  A61M2205/3306 ,  A61M2210/04 ,  G01B11/14 ,  G01N15/00 ,  G01N15/1434 ,  G01N2015/0003 ,  G01N2015/0046 ,  G01N2015/1075 ,  G01N2015/1087 ,  G01N2015/1093

Abstract: Approaches for determining the delivery success of a particle, such as a drug particle, are disclosed. A system for monitoring delivery of particles to biological tissue includes a volume, an optical component, a detector, and an analyzer. The volume comprises a space through which a particle can pass in a desired direction. The optical component is configured to provide a measurement light. The detector is positioned to detect light emanating from the particle in response to the measurement light. The detected light is modulated as the particle moves along a detection axis. The detector is configured to generate a time-varying signal in response to the detected light. The analyzer is configured to receive the time-varying signal and determine a delivery success of the particle into a biological tissue based upon characteristics of the time-varying signal.

Abstract translation: 公开了确定颗粒如药物颗粒的递送成功的方法。 用于监测颗粒递送到生物组织的系统包括体积，光学部件，检测器和分析器。 该体积包括颗粒可以通过其沿所需方向通过的空间。 光学部件被配置成提供测量光。 检测器被定位成响应于测量光来检测从颗粒发出的光。 随着粒子沿着检测轴移动，被检测的光被调制。 检测器被配置为响应于检测到的光而产生时变信号。 分析器被配置为接收时变信号，并且基于时变信号的特性来确定颗粒进入生物组织的递送成功。

公开(公告)号：US20140369367A1

公开(公告)日：2014-12-18

申请号：US13920248

申请日：2013-06-18

Applicant: Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated

Inventor： Thomas Wunderer ,  John E. Northrup ,  Mark R. Teepe ,  Zhihong Yang ,  Christopher L. Chua ,  Noble M. Johnson

IPC: H01S5/343 ,  H01S5/34

CPC classification number: H01S5/343 ,  H01S5/0035 ,  H01S5/0207 ,  H01S5/0261 ,  H01S5/04 ,  H01S5/0425 ,  H01S5/3211 ,  H01S5/3401 ,  H01S5/342 ,  H01S5/34333 ,  H01S2301/176

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device includes a light guiding structure, a light emitting layer disposed within the light guiding structure, and a structure for discharging excess electric charge within the device. The device may be excited by an electron beam, as opposed to an optical beam, to create electron-hole pairs. The light emitting layer is configured for light generation without requiring a p-n junction, and is therefore not embedded within nor part of a p-n junction. Doping with p-type species is obviated, reducing device loss and permitting operation at a short wavelengths, such as below 300 nm. Various structures, such as a top-side cladding layer, are disclosed for discharging beam-induced charge. A single device may be operated with multiple electron beam pumps, either to enable a relatively thick active layer or to drive multiple separate active layers. Cooperatively curved end facets accommodate for possible off-axis resonance within the active region(s).

Abstract translation: 半导体发光器件包括导光结构，设置在导光结构内的发光层，以及用于在器件内放电多余电荷的结构。 与光束相反，器件可能被电子束激发，以产生电子 - 空穴对。 发光层被配置用于光生成而不需要p-n结，并且因此不嵌入在p-n结的内部或部分内。 消除p型物质的掺杂，减少器件损耗并允许在短波长（如300nm以下）下进行工作。 公开了诸如顶侧包覆层的各种结构，用于放电束诱导的电荷。 单个设备可以用多个电子束泵操作，以使得能够相对较厚的有源层或驱动多个分离的有源层。 合作弯曲的端面适合有源区域内的可能的离轴共振。