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    Surface cleaning and sterilization
    51.
    发明申请
    Surface cleaning and sterilization 失效
    表面清洗灭菌

    公开(公告)号：US20060237400A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-10-26

    申请号：US11384126

    申请日：2006-03-17

    Applicant: Satyendra Kumar ,  Devendra Kumar ,  Dominique Tasch ,  Raimund Stroebel

    Inventor： Satyendra Kumar ,  Devendra Kumar ,  Dominique Tasch ,  Raimund Stroebel

    IPC: B23K9/02 ,  B23K9/00

    CPC classification number: H05H1/46 ,  H05H2001/4607

    Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for igniting, modulating, and sustaining a plasma for various plasma processes and treatments. Such treatments include cleaning and sterilizing parts. In some embodiments, a plasma is ignited by subjecting a gas in a multi-mode processing cavity to electromagnetic radiation having a frequency between about 1 MHz and about 333 GHz in the presence of a plasma catalyst. A part can be cleaned by, for example, inserting hydrogen into the plasma and exposing the part to the hydrogen-enriched plasma. A part can be sterilized by heating the part with the plasma.

    Abstract translation: 提供了用于点燃，调节和维持用于各种等离子体处理和处理的等离子体的方法和装置。 这些处理包括清洁和消毒部件。 在一些实施例中，等离子体通过使多模式处理腔中的气体在等离子体催化剂的存在下具有在约1MHz和约333GHz之间的频率的电磁辐射来点燃。 可以通过例如将氢插入等离子体中并将该部分暴露于富氢等离子体来清洁部件。 可以通过用等离子体加热部件来消毒零件。

    Electro-optical display with in-situ polymerized columns providing alignment and structural bond between substrate
    52.
    发明授权
    Electro-optical display with in-situ polymerized columns providing alignment and structural bond between substrate 失效
    具有原位聚合柱的电光显示器提供基板之间的对准和结构粘合

    公开(公告)号：US07075613B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-07-11

    申请号：US10222745

    申请日：2002-08-16

    Applicant: Satyendra Kumar ,  Bharat Raj Acharya ,  Hyunchul Choi

    Inventor： Satyendra Kumar ,  Bharat Raj Acharya ,  Hyunchul Choi

    IPC: G02F1/1339

    CPC classification number: G02F1/13394 ,  G02F1/133377 ,  G02F1/133703

    Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises two substrates facing and spaced from each other, at least one of the substrates being transparent; an electro-optical material filling a first portion of the space between the substrates, the electro-optical material comprising molecules whose spatial orientation can be altered by application of an electric field across the two substrates; and a polymeric material filling a second portion of the space between the substrates, the polymeric material having been polymerized in situ between the plates, wherein the polymeric material forms a multiplicity of microscopic polymer columns extending between the two substrates, and the columns provide both a structural bond between the two substrates for maintaining the spacing between the substrates and alignment of the molecules of the electro-optical material, with the alignment resulting from the close spacing of the microscopic columns. A method to fabricate electro-optical displays having two facing substrates, electro-optical material in the space between the substrates, and in-situ polymerized microscopic columns extending between the substrates is also disclosed.

    Abstract translation: 液晶显示装置包括面对并彼此间隔开的两个基板，至少一个基板是透明的; 电光材料，其填充基板之间的空间的第一部分，所述电光材料包括通过在两个基板上施加电场而可以改变其空间取向的分子; 以及聚合物材料，其填充所述基底之间的空间的第二部分，所述聚合物材料已经在所述板之间原位聚合，其中所述聚合物材料形成在所述两个基底之间延伸的多个微观聚合物柱，并且所述柱提供两者 两个基板之间的结构粘合，用于维持基板之间的间隔和电光材料的分子的对准，其中由微观柱的紧密间隔产生的对准。 还公开了一种制造具有两个面对基板的电光显示器的方法，在基板之间的空间中的电光材料以及在基板之间延伸的原位聚合微观柱。

    Plasma-assisted enhanced coating
    53.
    发明申请
    Plasma-assisted enhanced coating 失效
    等离子体辅助增强涂层

    公开(公告)号：US20060078675A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-04-13

    申请号：US10513393

    申请日：2003-05-07

    Applicant: Devendra Kumar ,  Satyendra Kumar

    Inventor： Devendra Kumar ,  Satyendra Kumar

    IPC: H05H1/24 ,  B05D3/00 ,  B05C5/02

    CPC classification number: B05B7/226 ,  B05B7/22 ,  B05D1/62 ,  C23C14/04 ,  C23C14/32 ,  C23C16/04 ,  C23C16/50 ,  H05H1/46 ,  H05H2001/4607

    Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for igniting, modulating, and sustaining a plasma (615) for coating objects (250). In one embodiment, a method of coating a surface of an object (250) includes forming a plasma (615) in a cavity (230) by subjecting a gas to electromagnetic radiation in the presence of a plasma catalyst (240) and adding at least one coating material (510) to the plasma (615) by energizing the material (510) with, for example, a laser (500). The material (510) is allowed to deposit on the surface of the object (250) to form a coating. Various types of plasma (240) catalysts are also provided.

    Abstract translation: 提供了用于点燃，调节和维持用于涂覆物体的等离子体（615）（250）的方法和装置。 在一个实施例中，涂覆物体（250）的表面的方法包括通过在等离子体催化剂（240）的存在下对气体进行电磁辐射而形成等离子体（615），并且至少加入 通过用例如激光（500）激发材料（510）将一个涂层材料（510）提供到等离子体（615）。 允许材料（510）沉积在物体（250）的表面上以形成涂层。 还提供了各种类型的等离子体（240）催化剂。

    Plasma-assisted doping
    54.
    发明申请
    Plasma-assisted doping 失效
    等离子体辅助掺杂

    公开(公告)号：US20060063361A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-03-23

    申请号：US10513397

    申请日：2003-05-07

    Applicant: Satyendra Kumar ,  Devendra Kumar

    Inventor： Satyendra Kumar ,  Devendra Kumar

    IPC: H01L21/26 ,  H01L21/42

    CPC classification number: H01L21/2236 ,  H01J37/32339 ,  H01J37/32412 ,  H05B6/806

    Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for igniting, modulating, and sustaining a plasma for various doping processes. In one embodiment, a substrate (250) can be doped by forming a plasma (610) in a cavity (285) by subjecting a gas to an amount of electromagnetic radiation in the presence of a plasma catalyst (240) and adding at least one dopant material to the plasma. The material is then allowed to penetrate into the substrate. Various active and passive catalysts are provided.

    Abstract translation: 提供了用于点燃，调制和维持用于各种掺杂过程的等离子体的方法和装置。 在一个实施例中，可以通过在等离子体催化剂（240）的存在下使气体经受一定量的电磁辐射而在空腔（285）中形成等离子体（610）来掺杂衬底（250），并且添加至少一个 掺杂剂材料。 然后使材料渗入基材。 提供了各种主动和被动催化剂。

    Plasma-assisted carburizing
    55.
    发明申请
    Plasma-assisted carburizing 审中-公开
    等离子体辅助渗碳

    公开(公告)号：US20060062930A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-03-23

    申请号：US10513394

    申请日：2003-05-07

    Applicant: Devendra Kumar ,  Satyendra Kumar ,  Michael Dougherty

    Inventor： Devendra Kumar ,  Satyendra Kumar ,  Michael Dougherty

    IPC: H05H1/24 ,  C23C16/00

    CPC classification number: C23C8/36 ,  H05H1/46 ,  H05H2001/4607

    Abstract: A system and method of carburizing a surface region of an object includes subjecting a gas to electromagnetic radiation, generated from a radiation source (52), in the presence of a plasma catalyst (70) to initiate a plasma containing carbon. The method also includes exposing the surface region of the object to the plasma for a period of time sufficient to transfer at least some of the carbon from the plasma to the object through the first surface region.

    Abstract translation: 对物体的表面区域进行渗碳的系统和方法包括在等离子体催化剂（70）的存在下使气体受到从辐射源（52）产生的电磁辐射，以启动含有碳的等离子体。 该方法还包括将物体的表面区域暴露于等离子体足以将至少一些碳从等离子体转移到物体通过第一表面区域的时间段内。

    Laser phase transformation and ion implantation in metals
    57.
    发明授权
    Laser phase transformation and ion implantation in metals 失效
    金属中的激光相变和离子注入

    公开(公告)号：US06454877B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-09-24

    申请号：US09582607

    申请日：2000-06-28

    Applicant: Devendra Kumar ,  Satyendra Kumar ,  Michael L. Dougherty

    Inventor： Devendra Kumar ,  Satyendra Kumar ,  Michael L. Dougherty

    IPC: B23K2614

    CPC classification number: C23C8/28 ,  C23C8/02 ,  C23C8/20 ,  C23C8/36 ,  C23C16/26 ,  C23C16/483

    Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for treating the surface of a metal body through phase transformation, ion implantation, and/or diffusion and to form new phases of metallic materials. The method and apparatus have been shown to be particularly useful to improve the hardness and corrosion resistance of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Generally, the method comprises irradiating a portion of the metal body (18) with a laser (12), and directing a stream of gas (22) onto the same portion of the metal body simultaneously with and preferably for a duration after the laser is turned off. Preferably, the laser (12) is a carbon dioxide laser operated in a pulsed mode to control heating of the metal (18). The gas (22) is preferably carbon dioxide to quickly cool the metal when the laser is off, and to provide carbon atoms for deposition onto the body. The entire process may be carried out in an environment at atmospheric pressure, obviating the need for a vacuum chamber or pressure controlled furnace or similar apparatus. After treatment, the hardness and corrosion resistance of at least a ferrous body are dramatically increased. Advantageously, both sides of a thin metal body, such as a metal tube, may be simultaneously treated. Further, a new, highly oxygenated, hard and extremely corrosion resistant metal phase may be created.

    Abstract translation: 提供一种通过相变，离子注入和/或扩散来处理金属体表面并形成金属材料的新相的方法和装置。 已经显示该方法和装置对于提高黑色金属和有色金属的硬度和耐腐蚀性是特别有用的。 通常，该方法包括用激光器（12）照射金属体（18）的一部分，并且在激光器之后的持续时间内同时优选地将气流（22）引导到金属体的相同部分上 关掉。 优选地，激光器（12）是以脉冲模式操作以控制金属（18）的加热的二氧化碳激光器。 气体（22）优选为二氧化碳，以在激光关闭时快速冷却金属，并提供碳原子用于沉积到体上。 整个过程可以在大气压的环境中进行，从而避免了对真空室或压力控制炉或类似装置的需要。 处理后，至少铁质的硬度和耐腐蚀性显着提高。 有利地，可以同时处理诸如金属管的薄金属体的两侧。 此外，可以产生新的，高氧化的，硬的和极耐腐蚀的金属相。

    Phase separated composite organic film and methods for the manufacture thereof
    58.
    发明授权
    Phase separated composite organic film and methods for the manufacture thereof 失效
    相分离复合有机薄膜及其制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US5949508A

    公开(公告)日：1999-09-07

    申请号：US988146

    申请日：1997-12-10

    Applicant: Satyendra Kumar ,  Valeri Vorfloussev

    Inventor： Satyendra Kumar ,  Valeri Vorfloussev

    IPC: G02F1/1334 ,  G02F1/141 ,  G02F1/1333

    CPC classification number: G02F1/1334 ,  G02F1/141

    Abstract: A light modulating cell comprises a pair of substrates, alignment layers disposed on at least one of the substrates and a solution of polymerizable prepolymer and low molecular weight organic material disposed between the pair of substrates. The solution is phase separated and forms a layer of polymeric material and a layer of organic material between the two substrates. An external force may then be applied across the substrates to alter the optical appearance of the layer of organic material from one state to another. A photo-sensitive layer may also be provided in the cell.

    Abstract translation: 光调制单元包括一对基板，配置在至少一个基板上的取向层和设置在一对基板之间的可聚合预聚物和低分子量有机材料的溶液。 溶液是相分离的，并在两个基材之间形成一层聚合材料和一层有机材料。 然后可以在衬底上施加外力，以将有机材料层的光学外观从一个状态改变到另一个状态。 还可以在单​​元中提供光敏层。

    Method of preparing alignment layer for use in liquid crystal devices using in-situ ultraviolet exposure
    59.
    发明授权
    Method of preparing alignment layer for use in liquid crystal devices using in-situ ultraviolet exposure 失效
    使用原位紫外线曝光的液晶装置中制备取向层的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5936691A

    公开(公告)日：1999-08-10

    申请号：US118396

    申请日：1998-07-17

    Applicant: Satyendra Kumar ,  Jae-Hoon Kim

    Inventor： Satyendra Kumar ,  Jae-Hoon Kim

    IPC: G02F1/1337

    CPC classification number: G02F1/133788

    Abstract: A non-contacting method of forming an alignment layer on a substrate used in liquid crystal displays which includes the steps of cleaning a substrate surface, disposing a solution having a prepolymer, such as polyamic acid or a resin and a curing agent, and solvent on the substrate surface, evaporating the solvent, and positioning an ultraviolet light source proximally near the substrate surface. A linear polarizer is positioned between the ultraviolet light source and the substrate surface. Ultraviolet light is projected through the polarizer onto the substrate surface to simultaneously molecularly align the polymer segments as the prepolymer is polymerized to form an alignment layer on the substrate. Adjusting the direction of polarization and the angle of incidence of the ultraviolet light source allows for generation of an alignment layer with a corresponding pre-tilt angle.

    Abstract translation: 一种在液晶显示器中使用的基板上形成取向层的非接触方法，包括以下步骤：清洗基板表面，将具有聚酰胺酸或树脂和固化剂的预聚物的溶液和溶剂置于 衬底表面，蒸发溶剂，并将紫外光源近端定位在衬底表面附近。 线性偏振器位于紫外光源和衬底表面之间。 当预聚物聚合时，紫外光通过偏振器投射到基底表面上以同时分子对准聚合物片段，以在基底上形成取向层。 调整偏振方向和紫外光源的入射角允许产生具有相应预倾角的对准层。

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