公开(公告)号：US5930325A

公开(公告)日：1999-07-27

申请号：US204154

申请日：1998-12-03

Applicant: Atsushi Momose

Inventor： Atsushi Momose

IPC: A61B6/00 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G03H5/00

CPC classification number: A61B6/484 ,  A61B6/502 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G21K2207/005

Abstract: A phase-contrast X-ray imaging system according to the present invention comprises an X-ray interferometer, wherein X-ray interfering beams thicker than 2 cm.times.2 cm are formed enabling observation of comparatively large objects. The X-ray interferometer is constituted by two crystal blocks which each are monolithically cut out from ingots of crystal and have two wafers which function as X-ray half mirrors. An optical equipment, a chamber, and a feedback system are incorporated to adjust and stabilize the crystal blocks. A device is also incorporated to obtain an image showing the distribution of the X-ray phase shift with which diagnosis become easier and reliable.

Abstract translation: 根据本发明的相差X射线成像系统包括X射线干涉仪，其中形成的厚度大于2cm×2cm的X射线干涉光束能够观察比较大的物体。 X射线干涉仪由两个晶体块组成，每个晶体块从晶体晶圆单片切割并具有两个用作X射线半反射镜的晶片。 结合光学设备，室和反馈系统来调节和稳定晶体块。 还结合了一种装置以获得显示X射线相移分布的图像，诊断变得更容易和可靠。

公开(公告)号：US5394453A

公开(公告)日：1995-02-28

申请号：US15096

申请日：1993-02-05

Applicant: Geoffrey Harding

Inventor： Geoffrey Harding

IPC: G01N23/18 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01N23/201

CPC classification number: G01N23/201

Abstract: A device for measuring the pulse transfer spectrum of X-ray quanta, includes a polychromatic X-ray source and an energy-resolving detector device for the scattered X-ray quanta. A secondary diaphragm device, arranged between the examination zone in which the object whose pulse transfer spectrum is to be determined is situated, and the detector device ensure on the one that each detector element of the detector device can detect scattered radiation only at a comparatively accurately defined scatter angle, and that the scatter angles of the various detector elements do not excessively deviate from one another.

Abstract translation: 用于测量X射线量子的脉冲传送光谱的装置包括多色X射线源和用于散射X射线量子的能量分辨检测器装置。 设置在其中要确定脉冲传送光谱的物体的检查区域之间的次级隔膜装置，并且检测器装置确保检测器装置的每个检测器元件仅能以相当准确的方式检测散射的辐射 定义的散射角，并且各种检测器元件的散射角彼此不会过度偏离。

公开(公告)号：US5007072A

公开(公告)日：1991-04-09

申请号：US227722

申请日：1988-08-03

Applicant: Anthony Jenkins ,  Peter W. Stephens

Inventor： Anthony Jenkins ,  Peter W. Stephens

IPC: G01N23/201 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/0025 ,  G01N23/201

Abstract: An inspection system for detecting the presence of selected crystalline materials, such as explosives or drugs, utilizing an x-ray source and a collimated array of detectors to sense radiation scattered by the objects being inspected. A signal processing system compares the measured signal with selected spectra to determine whether specific materials are present within the inspected object.

公开(公告)号：US4194115A

公开(公告)日：1980-03-18

申请号：US958573

申请日：1978-11-07

Applicant: Robert A. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, with respect to an invention of Frosch ,  A. Bruce Whitehead ,  Thomas A. Tombrello

Inventor： Robert A. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, with respect to an invention of Frosch ,  A. Bruce Whitehead ,  Thomas A. Tombrello

IPC: G01N23/201 ,  G01Q30/04 ,  G01Q30/12 ,  G01N23/00

CPC classification number: G01N23/201

Abstract: Apparatus and method for determining helium to hydrogen ratios in a gaseous sample by measurement of forward scattering products due to alpha particle collisions with helium and hydrogen contained within the gaseous sample. More specifically, an apparatus is disclosed in which a gaseous sample, contained within an enclosure, is bombarded by alpha particles created by a self contained radioactive source. Baffles are positioned in the enclosure so that only scattering products falling within a predetermined forward scattering angular range can impact a detector assembly. In an embodiment scattered particles are detected by two detectors mounted in tandem, the first completely blocking the second detector with respect to incident scattering products. This embodiment is based on the principle that scattering products have a forward scattering angle .theta. greater than 15 degrees due to alpha particle/hydrogen collisions comprise only recoil protons. For a given kinetic energy, recoil protons will penetrate farther into silicon detector material than will scattering products from alpha particle/helium collisions. Thus, an apparatus according to the teachings of the invention identifies alpha particle/hydrogen or alpha particle/helium collisions primarily by whether scattering product impacts occur simultaneously in both the first and second detectors or occur only in the first detector. Relative magnitudes of the two pulses can be used to further discriminate against other effects such as noise and cosmic ray events.

Abstract translation: 通过测量由于与气体样品中包含的氦和氢的α粒子碰撞的前向散射产物来测定气态样品中氦与氢的比率的装置和方法。 更具体地，公开了一种装置，其中包含在外壳内的气态样品被由自含放射源产生的α粒子轰击。 挡板位于外壳中，使得落在预定的前向散射角范围内的散射产物只能影响检测器组件。 在一个实施例中，散射的颗粒由串联安装的两个检测器检测，第一个完全阻挡第二检测器相对于入射的散射产物。 该实施例基于散射产物具有大于15度的前向散射角度θ的原理，因为α粒子/氢气碰撞仅包括反冲质子。 对于给定的动能，反冲质子将比从α粒子/氦碰撞散射产物更深地渗透到硅探测器材料中。 因此，根据本发明的教导的装置主要通过散射产物影响是否同时发生在第一和第二检测器中，或仅发生在第一检测器中来识别α粒子/氢或α粒子/氦碰撞。 可以使用两个脉冲的相对幅度来进一步区分诸如噪声和宇宙射线事件的其它影响。

公开(公告)号：US3171962A

公开(公告)日：1965-03-02

申请号：US17256162

申请日：1962-02-12

Applicant: HONEYWELL INC

Inventor： BALLINGER JOHN G

IPC: G01L21/30 ,  G01N23/08 ,  G01N23/201

CPC classification number: G01L21/30 ,  G01N23/08 ,  G01N23/201

公开(公告)号：US20240272098A1

公开(公告)日：2024-08-15

申请号：US18566853

申请日：2022-06-02

Applicant: CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE ,  UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY ,  CY CERGY PARIS UNIVERSITE

Inventor： Hocine KHEMLICHE ,  Anouchah MOMENI ,  Tiberiu MINEA ,  Elena-Magdalena STAICU - CASAGRANDE ,  Sylvain LUPONE

IPC: G01N23/201 ,  C23C14/35 ,  G01N23/2055 ,  G01N23/207

CPC classification number: G01N23/201 ,  C23C14/35 ,  G01N23/2055 ,  G01N23/207

Abstract: A device for characterizing a surface of a sample, including; —a chamber comprising a medium for the sample, the chamber being connected to a pump, referred to as the primary pump, suitable for maintaining a pressure below 10−2 mbar within the chamber; —a source for generating an incident beam of neutral atoms or molecules having an energy of between 50 eV and 5 keV, with a divergence less than or equal to 0.05°, the source being arranged to direct the incident beam within the chamber through an inlet to the surface to be characterized with an angle of incidence less than or equal to 10° relative to the plane of the surface.

公开(公告)号：US20240044819A1

公开(公告)日：2024-02-08

申请号：US18346778

申请日：2023-07-03

Applicant: NOVA LTD.

Inventor： Gilad BARAK

IPC: G01N23/2055 ,  H01L21/66 ,  G06T7/00 ,  G06T5/00 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G01N23/20

CPC classification number: G01N23/2055 ,  H01L22/12 ,  G06T7/0004 ,  G06T5/002 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01N2223/6116 ,  G06T2207/30148 ,  G06T2207/20224 ,  G06T2207/10116 ,  G01N2223/401 ,  G01N23/207

Abstract: A method and system are presented for use in X-ray based measurements on patterned structures. The method comprises: processing data indicative of measured signals corresponding to detected radiation response of a patterned structure to incident X-ray radiation, and subtracting from said data an effective measured signals substantially free of background noise, said effective measured signals being formed of radiation components of reflected diffraction orders such that model based interpretation of the effective measured signals enables determination of one or more parameters of the patterned structure, wherein said processing comprises: analyzing the measured signals and extracting therefrom a background signal corresponding to the background noise; and applying a filtering procedure to the measured signals to subtract therefrom signal corresponding to the background signal, resulting in the effective measured signal.

公开(公告)号：US20230375485A1

公开(公告)日：2023-11-23

申请号：US18228024

申请日：2023-07-31

Applicant: RIGAKU CORPORATION

Inventor： Naoki Matsushima ,  Kiyoshi Ogata ,  Sei Yoshihara ,  Yoshiyasu Ito ,  Kazuhiko Omote ,  Hiroshi Motono ,  Shigematsu Asano ,  Katsutaka Horada ,  Sensui Yasuda

IPC: G01N23/201 ,  G01N23/20025 ,  G01N23/20016

CPC classification number: G01N23/201 ,  G01N23/20025 ,  G01N23/20016 ,  G01N2223/3306 ,  G01N2223/6116 ,  G01N2223/054

Abstract: A transmission type small-angle scattering device of the present invention includes a goniometer 10 including a rotation arm 11. The rotation arm 11 is freely turnable around a θ-axis extending in a horizontal direction from an origin with a vertical arrangement state of the rotation arm 11 being defined as the origin, and has a vertical arrangement structure in which an X-ray irradiation unit 20 is installed on a lower-side end portion of the rotation arm 11, and a two-dimensional X-ray detector 30 is installed on an upper-side end portion of the rotation arm 11 to form a vertical arrangement structure.

公开(公告)号：US11781962B2

公开(公告)日：2023-10-10

申请号：US18124703

申请日：2023-03-22

Applicant: China University of Mining and Technology

Inventor： Yang Wang ,  Jie Xiang ,  Shangbin Chen ,  Tong Zhang ,  Qingshun Cao

IPC: G01B13/06 ,  G01N15/08 ,  G01N24/08 ,  G01N33/24 ,  G01N1/28 ,  G01N23/223 ,  G01N23/201

CPC classification number: G01N15/088 ,  G01N1/286 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G01N23/223 ,  G01N24/081 ,  G01N33/24

Abstract: Disclosed is a characterization method of closed pores and connectivity of coal measure composite reservoirs, including collecting samples of coal seams and shales reservoirs, carrying out low-field NMR experiments and NMR freeze-thaw experiments on plunger samples and crushed samples with different particle sizes to obtain cumulative pore volume distribution and differential pore size distribution of the crushed samples, comparing crushed samples with plunger samples for optimal crushed particle sizes, and preliminarily determining a distribution range of closed pores; carrying out SAXS experiments on crushed samples to obtain size distribution and volume of total pores of 1-100 nanometers; calculating pore volume of total pores and closed pore volume in composite reservoirs by low-field NMR experiments results; carrying out non-steady overburden permeability experiments and variable factors on plunger samples of coal seams, shales and tight sandstone to characterize the connectivity under influence of pores development and lithologic combinations.

公开(公告)号：US20230280248A1

公开(公告)日：2023-09-07

申请号：US18106044

申请日：2023-02-06

Applicant: SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES, LTD.

Inventor： Tomomi SHIOZAWA

IPC: G01N3/06 ,  G01N3/08 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G01N33/44

CPC classification number: G01N3/06 ,  G01N3/08 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G01N33/445 ,  C08K3/36

Abstract: Provided is an evaluation method that can easily evaluate the percentage of voids in a rubber material. The present disclosure relates to an evaluation method including evaluating the percentage of voids in a rubber material with a strain applied thereto based on the φvoid calculated from the following Equation (1) using the transmittance and thickness of the rubber material with no strain applied thereto and the transmittance and thickness of the rubber material with the strain applied thereto.








∅
void

=


1
-


p
s

/

p
0



=

1
-



l
⁢
n

⁢



(


I
s


I
0


)

/

l
⁢
n


⁢


(

I

I
0


)

×

(


t
0

/

t
s


)








(
1
)