公开(公告)号：US06733036B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-11

申请号：US09925062

申请日：2001-08-08

Applicant: David S. Breed ,  Wilbur E. Du Vall ,  Wendell C. Johnson

Inventor： David S. Breed ,  Wilbur E. Du Vall ,  Wendell C. Johnson

IPC: B60R2132

CPC classification number: B60R21/233 ,  B60N2/0232 ,  B60N2/0276 ,  B60N2/2863 ,  B60N2002/0272 ,  B60R21/20 ,  B60R21/214 ,  B60R21/232 ,  B60R21/235 ,  B60R21/30 ,  B60R2021/0004 ,  B60R2021/23107 ,  B60R2021/23153 ,  B60R2021/23161 ,  B60R2021/23169 ,  B60R2021/23519 ,  B60R2021/23523 ,  B60R2021/23557 ,  B60R2021/2358 ,  B60R2021/2359 ,  G07C5/008 ,  G07C5/0808

Abstract: Automotive electronic safety network including devices such as a crash sensor and an airbag module and at least one electrical bus each coupling at least a portion of the devices and conveying power and/or information to or from the devices coupled to the bus. Each crash sensor generates signals relating to an impact of the vehicle and each airbag module includes a module housing, an airbag associated with the housing, an inflator assembly arranged in the housing for inflating the airbag and an electronic controller arranged in or adjacent the housing and coupled to the bus. The controller controls inflation of the airbag by the inflator assembly in consideration of the signals generated by the crash sensor(s). Each crash sensor is arranged separate and at a location apart from the housing of each airbag module. The bus can consist of a single pair of wires.

Abstract translation: 汽车电子安全网络包括诸如碰撞传感器和安全气囊模块的装置，以及至少一个电气总线，每个至少一个电气总线将每个装置的至少一部分耦合并向耦合到总线的设备传送电力和/或信息。 每个碰撞传感器产生与车辆冲击有关的信号，并且每个气囊模块包括模块壳体，与壳体相关联的气囊，布置在壳体中用于使气囊膨胀的充气机组件和布置在壳体中或其附近的电子控制器， 加上公共汽车。 考虑到碰撞传感器产生的信号，控制器控制充气机组件对气囊的膨胀。 每个碰撞传感器分离布置在与每个安全气囊模块的壳体分开的位置。 总线可以由一对电线组成。

公开(公告)号：US06685218B1

公开(公告)日：2004-02-03

申请号：US09435045

申请日：1999-11-08

Applicant: David S. Breed ,  Vittorio Castelli ,  Anthony S. Pruszenski, Jr.

Inventor： David S. Breed ,  Vittorio Castelli ,  Anthony S. Pruszenski, Jr.

IPC: B60R2122

CPC classification number: B60R21/33 ,  B60R21/0132 ,  B60R21/20 ,  B60R21/21 ,  B60R2021/0006

Abstract: A side impact crash sensor for a vehicle including a housing and a mass within the housing movable relative to the housing in response to accelerations of the housing. The mass moves upon acceleration of the housing and when this movement is in excess of a predetermined threshold value, it is possible to control an occupant protection apparatus (such movement being indicative of a crash involving the vehicle). The housing is mounted in such a position and a direction as to sense an impact into a side of the vehicle. Possible mounting locations of the housing include inside a door of the vehicle, between inner and outer panels not associated with a door of the vehicle, a seat in the vehicle and remote from the side of the vehicle. In the latter case, the vehicle includes a sufficiently strong member connecting the sensor to the vehicle side such that there is little or no plastic deformation between the sensor and the side of the vehicle.

Abstract translation: 一种用于车辆的侧面撞击碰撞传感器，包括壳体和壳体内的质量，其响应于壳体的加速度而相对于壳体可移动。 质量在壳体加速时移动，并且当该移动超过预定阈值时，可以控制乘员保护装置（这种运动指示涉及车辆的碰撞）。 壳体安装在这样的位置和方向上以感测到车辆侧面的冲击。 壳体的可能的安装位置包括在车辆的门内部，在不与车辆的门相关联的内部和外部面板之间，车辆中的座椅并且远离车辆的侧面。 在后一种情况下，车辆包括足够强的构件，其将传感器连接到车辆侧，使得传感器和车辆侧面之间很少或没有塑性变形。

公开(公告)号：US06609053B1

公开(公告)日：2003-08-19

申请号：US08962827

申请日：1997-11-03

Applicant: David S. Breed

Inventor： David S. Breed

IPC: B60R2200

CPC classification number: B60R21/0132 ,  B60R21/013 ,  B60R21/0134 ,  B60R21/015 ,  B60R2021/0011 ,  B60R2021/01311 ,  B60R2021/01325

Abstract: A sensor system for initiating deployment of an occupant protection apparatus in a motor vehicle, such as an airbag, to protect an occupant of the vehicle in a crash. The system includes a sensor mounted to the vehicle for sensing accelerations of the vehicle and producing an analog signal representative thereof; an electronic converter for receiving the analog signal from the sensor and for converting the analog signal into a digital signal, and a processor which receives the digital signal. The processor includes a pattern recognition system and produces a deployment signal when the pattern recognition system determines that the digital signal contains a pattern characteristic of a vehicle crash requiring occupant protection. A deployment initiation mechanism is coupled to the processor and, responsive to the deployment signal, initiates deployment of the occupant protection apparatus.

Abstract translation: 一种传感器系统，用于启动在诸如安全气囊的机动车辆中的乘员保护装置的部署，以在碰撞中保护车辆的乘客。 该系统包括安装到车辆的传感器，用于感测车辆的加速度并产生代表其的模拟信号; 用于从传感器接收模拟信号并将模拟信号转换为数字信号的电子转换器，以及接收数字信号的处理器。 当模式识别系统确定数字信号包含需要乘员保护的车辆碰撞的模式特征时，处理器包括模式识别系统并产生部署信号。 部署启动机制耦合到处理器，并且响应于部署信号启动乘员保护装置的部署。

公开(公告)号：US06526352B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-25

申请号：US09909466

申请日：2001-07-19

Applicant: David S. Breed ,  Wendell C. Johnson ,  Vittorio Castelli ,  William E. Seitz ,  Wilbur E. DuVall

Inventor： David S. Breed ,  Wendell C. Johnson ,  Vittorio Castelli ,  William E. Seitz ,  Wilbur E. DuVall

IPC: G06F16500

CPC classification number: G01S19/14 ,  B60T2201/022 ,  B60W2550/402 ,  G01C21/3697 ,  G01S13/931 ,  G01S17/023 ,  G01S17/89 ,  G01S19/07 ,  G01S19/41 ,  G01S19/48 ,  G01S2013/9325 ,  G01S2013/9332 ,  G01S2013/9339 ,  G01S2013/9342 ,  G01S2013/9346 ,  G01S2013/935 ,  G01S2013/9353 ,  G01S2013/9357 ,  G01S2013/936 ,  G05D1/0221 ,  G05D1/0246 ,  G05D1/0257 ,  G05D1/027 ,  G05D1/0274 ,  G05D1/0278 ,  G05D2201/0213 ,  G08G1/163 ,  G08G1/164

Abstract: Arrangement and method for mapping a road during travel of a vehicle having two data acquisition modules arranged on sides of the vehicle, each including a GPS receiver and antenna for enabling the vehicle's position to be determined and a linear camera which provides one-dimensional images of an area on the respective side in a vertical plane perpendicular to the road such that information about the road is obtained from a view in a direction perpendicular to the road. A processor unit forms a map database of the road by correlating the vehicle's position and the information about the road. Instead of or in addition to the linear cameras, scanning laser radars are provided and transmit waves downward in a plane perpendicular to the road and receive reflected waves to provide information about distance between the laser radars and the ground for use in forming the database.

Abstract translation: 具有布置在车辆侧面的具有两个数据采集模块的车辆的行驶过程中的道路的布置和方法，每个车辆包括用于确定车辆位置的GPS接收器和天线以及提供车辆位置的线性摄像机，其提供一维图像 在与道路垂直的垂直平面中的相应侧面上的区域，使得从与道路垂直的方向的视图获得关于道路的信息。 处理器单元通过将车辆的位置和关于道路的信息相关联来形成道路的地图数据库。 提供扫描激光雷达并且在垂直于道路的平面中向下发射波，并且接收反射波以提供关于激光雷达和地面之间的距离的信息以用于形成数据库。

公开(公告)号：US06507779B2

公开(公告)日：2003-01-14

申请号：US09925043

申请日：2001-08-08

Applicant: David S. Breed ,  Wilbur E. DuVall ,  Wendell C. Johnson

Inventor： David S. Breed ,  Wilbur E. DuVall ,  Wendell C. Johnson

IPC: B60R2116

CPC classification number: B60R21/013 ,  B60N2/002 ,  B60N2/0232 ,  B60N2/0244 ,  B60N2/0276 ,  B60N2/28 ,  B60N2/2806 ,  B60N2/2863 ,  B60N2002/0268 ,  B60N2002/0272 ,  B60Q1/143 ,  B60Q2300/41 ,  B60Q2300/42 ,  B60R21/0134 ,  B60R21/0152 ,  B60R21/01534 ,  B60R21/01536 ,  B60R21/01538 ,  B60R21/0154 ,  B60R25/25 ,  B60R2022/208 ,  G01S15/87 ,  G01S15/88 ,  G01S17/88 ,  G06K9/00362 ,  G06K9/00832

Abstract: Vehicular rear seat area monitoring system including at least one wave-receiving sensor arranged behind the front seat to receive waves from a space above the rear seat and a processor coupled to the sensor(s) for controlling another system in the vehicle based on the waves received by the sensor(s). The sensors may be of several different types. For example, an optical sensor can be provided which receives images including the space above the rear seat, a CCD array, a CMOS array and an optical camera including a lens can be used, and a radar sensor is also a possibility. If one of the sensors is a radar sensor, then the processor may be designed or trained to analyze motion of objects in the rear seat based on the waves received by the radar sensor and control the system based on any motion of the objects.

公开(公告)号：US06442465B2

公开(公告)日：2002-08-27

申请号：US09838919

申请日：2001-04-20

Applicant: David S. Breed ,  Wilbur E. DuVall ,  Wendell C. Johnson

Inventor： David S. Breed ,  Wilbur E. DuVall ,  Wendell C. Johnson

IPC: G06K900

CPC classification number: B60R21/01542 ,  B60J10/00 ,  B60N2/002 ,  B60N2/0232 ,  B60N2/0244 ,  B60N2/0248 ,  B60N2/0276 ,  B60N2/28 ,  B60N2/2806 ,  B60N2/2863 ,  B60N2/829 ,  B60N2/888 ,  B60N2002/0268 ,  B60N2002/0272 ,  B60Q1/143 ,  B60Q2300/41 ,  B60Q2300/42 ,  B60R1/088 ,  B60R11/0241 ,  B60R16/037 ,  B60R19/205 ,  B60R19/42 ,  B60R21/013 ,  B60R21/0134 ,  B60R21/0136 ,  B60R21/01516 ,  B60R21/0152 ,  B60R21/01534 ,  B60R21/01536 ,  B60R21/01538 ,  B60R21/0154 ,  B60R21/01544 ,  B60R21/01548 ,  B60R21/01552 ,  B60R21/01554 ,  B60R21/21656 ,  B60R21/23138 ,  B60R21/233 ,  B60R21/276 ,  B60R22/20 ,  B60R22/26 ,  B60R22/321 ,  B60R25/255 ,  B60R2001/1223 ,  B60R2021/0006 ,  B60R2021/0027 ,  B60R2021/01315 ,  B60R2021/23332 ,  B60R2021/26058 ,  B60R2021/26094 ,  B60R2021/2765 ,  B60R2022/208 ,  B60R2022/4825 ,  B60W2550/402 ,  E05F15/431 ,  E05F2015/433 ,  E05F2015/434 ,  E05Y2900/55 ,  G01F23/0076 ,  G01F23/20 ,  G01F23/2962 ,  G01S7/417 ,  G01S7/48 ,  G01S7/4802 ,  G01S7/487 ,  G01S7/539 ,  G01S13/04 ,  G01S13/88 ,  G01S15/04 ,  G01S15/06 ,  G01S15/87 ,  G01S15/88 ,  G01S17/88 ,  G01S17/89 ,  G06K9/00362 ,  G06K9/00832 ,  G08G1/161 ,  G08G1/163 ,  G08G1/164 ,  G10K2210/1282 ,  G10K2210/3219

Abstract: System and method for controlling operation of a vehicle or a component thereof based on recognition of a individual including a processor embodying a pattern recognition algorithm trained to identify whether a person is the individual by analyzing data derived from optical images and an optical receiving unit for receiving images including the person and deriving data from the images. The optical receiving unit provides the data to the algorithm to obtain an indication from the algorithm whether the person is the individual. A security system enables operation of the vehicle when the algorithm provides an indication that the person is an individual authorized to operate the vehicle and prevents operation of the vehicle when the algorithm does not provide an indication that the person is an individual authorized to operate the vehicle. A component adjustment system adjusts the component based on the recognition of the individual.

Abstract translation: 一种用于控制车辆或其组件的操作的系统和方法，所述系统和方法基于对包括处理器的识别的个体的识别，所述处理器体现了通过分析从光学图像导出的数据来识别个人是否是个体的模式识别算法，以及用于接收的光学接收单元 图像包括人物和从图像中导出数据。 光接收单元向算法提供数据以从算法获得指示是否该人是个体。 当算法提供该人是被授权操作车辆的个人的指示并且当算法没有提供该人是被授权操作车辆的个人的指示时，防止车辆的操作，安全系统使得能够操作车辆 。 组件调整系统基于个人的识别来调整组件。

公开(公告)号：US06422595B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-23

申请号：US09639299

申请日：2000-08-15

Applicant: David S. Breed ,  Wendell Johnson ,  Wilbur E. Duvall

Inventor： David S. Breed ,  Wendell Johnson ,  Wilbur E. Duvall

IPC: B60R2132

CPC classification number: B60R21/01536 ,  B60N2/002 ,  B60N2/0232 ,  B60N2/0248 ,  B60N2/0276 ,  B60N2/28 ,  B60N2/2806 ,  B60N2/2863 ,  B60N2/829 ,  B60N2/853 ,  B60N2/888 ,  B60N2002/0268 ,  B60R1/088 ,  B60R16/037 ,  B60R21/01516 ,  B60R21/01534 ,  B60R21/01538 ,  B60R21/01542 ,  B60R21/01544 ,  B60R21/01548 ,  B60R21/01552 ,  B60R21/01554 ,  B60R21/21656 ,  B60R21/276 ,  B60R22/20 ,  B60R25/25 ,  B60R2001/1223 ,  B60R2001/1253 ,  B60R2021/0027 ,  B60R2021/26094 ,  B60R2021/2765 ,  B60R2022/4825 ,  G01S7/417 ,  G01S7/4802 ,  G01S7/539 ,  G01S13/04 ,  G01S15/06 ,  G01S15/87 ,  G01S15/88 ,  G01S17/88 ,  G01S17/89 ,  G06K9/00362

Abstract: Arrangement and method in a vehicle for identifying an occupying item in which information or data about the occupying item is obtained and a pattern recognition system analyzes this information or data with respect to size, position., shape and/or motion to determine what the occupying item is whereby a distinction can be made as to whether the occupying item is human or an inanimate object. The information or data may be obtained by one or more receiver arrays which converts electromagnetic radiation into electrical signals such that the information or data about the occupying item is in the form of one or more electrical signals representative of an image of the occupying item. The same information or data may be used in arrangements and methods for controlling a vehicular component which also include a pattern recognition system for receiving and analyzing the information or data and a control unit for controlling the vehicular component based on the analysis of the information or data about the occupying item with respect to the size, position, shape and/or motion by the pattern recognition system.

Abstract translation: 用于识别占有物品的车辆中的布置和方法，其中获得关于占用物品的信息或数据，并且模式识别系统根据大小，位置，形状和/或运动来分析该信息或数据，以确定占用物品 项目是可以区分占用物品是人类还是无生命物体。 信息或数据可以由一个或多个将电磁辐射转换为电信号的接收器阵列获得，使得关于占用物品的信息或数据是表示占用物品的图像的一个或多个电信号的形式。 相同的信息或数据可以用于控制车辆部件的布置和方法，该车辆部件还包括用于接收和分析信息或数据的模式识别系统，以及用于基于对信息或数据的分析来控制车辆部件的控制单元 关于通过图案识别系统的尺寸，位置，形状和/或运动的占用物品。

公开(公告)号：US06419265B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-16

申请号：US09114962

申请日：1998-07-14

Applicant: David S. Breed

Inventor： David S. Breed

IPC: B60R2132

CPC classification number: B60R21/33 ,  B60R21/20 ,  B60R21/21

Abstract: A side impact airbag system for a vehicle including a system housing defining an interior space and arranged on a side of the vehicle alongside at least a portion of a passenger compartment of the vehicle. One or more airbags are arranged in the interior space of the system housing such that when inflating, the airbag(s) is/are expelled from the system housing into the passenger compartment. An inflator is arranged at least partially within the interior space of the system housing for inflating the airbag(s). A crash sensor, preferably an electronic crash sensor, initiates inflation of the airbag(s) via the inflator upon a determination of a crash requiring inflation of the airbag(s). The crash sensor includes a sensor housing arranged within and/or proximate to the system housing, and a sensing mass arranged in the sensor housing to move relative to the sensor housing in response to accelerations of the sensor housing resulting from the crash into the first side of the vehicle. Upon movement of the sensing mass in excess of a threshold value, the crash sensor initiates the inflator means to inflate the airbag(s).

Abstract translation: 一种用于车辆的侧面碰撞气囊系统，其包括限定内部空间的系统壳体，并且布置在车辆的与车辆的乘客舱的至少一部分一起的侧面上。 一个或多个安全气囊布置在系统壳体的内部空间中，使得当气囊膨胀时，气囊从系统壳体排出到乘客舱中。 充气机至少部分地布置在系统壳体的内部空间内，用于使气囊膨胀。 碰撞传感器，优选地是电子碰撞传感器，当确定需要气囊膨胀的碰撞时，通过充气机启动气囊的膨胀。 碰撞传感器包括布置在系统壳体内和/或靠近系统壳体的传感器壳体，以及布置在传感器壳体中以相对于传感器壳体移动的感测质量块，以响应于由于碰撞进入第一侧而导致的传感器壳体的加速度 的车辆。 当感测质量块移动超过阈值时，碰撞传感器启动充气器装置使气囊膨胀。

公开(公告)号：US06405132B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-11

申请号：US09679317

申请日：2000-10-04

Applicant: David S. Breed ,  Wendell C. Johnson ,  Wilbur E. Duvall

Inventor： David S. Breed ,  Wendell C. Johnson ,  Wilbur E. Duvall

IPC: G01C2300

CPC classification number: B60R21/0134 ,  B60N2/002 ,  B60N2/28 ,  B60N2/2806 ,  B60N2/2863 ,  B60R19/205 ,  B60R19/42 ,  B60R21/013 ,  B60R21/0132 ,  B60R21/23138 ,  B60R21/233 ,  B60R22/26 ,  B60R22/321 ,  B60R2021/0006 ,  B60R2021/23332 ,  B60R2021/26058 ,  B60W10/06 ,  B60W10/18 ,  B60W10/20 ,  B60W30/08 ,  B60W30/16 ,  B60W2550/402 ,  G01S7/417 ,  G01S7/48 ,  G01S7/4802 ,  G01S7/487 ,  G01S7/539 ,  G01S13/88 ,  G01S13/931 ,  G01S15/87 ,  G01S15/88 ,  G01S17/023 ,  G01S17/88 ,  G01S17/89 ,  G01S19/14 ,  G01S19/48 ,  G01S19/51 ,  G01S2013/9321 ,  G01S2013/9325 ,  G01S2013/9332 ,  G01S2013/9339 ,  G01S2013/9342 ,  G01S2013/9346 ,  G01S2013/935 ,  G01S2013/9353 ,  G01S2013/9357 ,  G01S2013/936 ,  G05D1/0221 ,  G05D1/0225 ,  G05D1/0246 ,  G05D1/0257 ,  G05D1/027 ,  G05D1/0274 ,  G05D1/0278 ,  G05D2201/0213 ,  G08G1/133 ,  G08G1/161 ,  G08G1/163 ,  G08G1/164

Abstract: System and method for preventing vehicle accidents in which GPS ranging signals relating to a host vehicle's position on a roadway on a surface of the earth are received on a first communication link from a network of satellites and DGPS auxiliary range correction signals for correcting propagation delay errors in the GPS ranging signals are received on a second communication link from a station or satellite. The host vehicle's position on a roadway on a surface of the earth is determined from the GPS, DGPS, and accurate map database signals with centimeter accuracy and communicated to other vehicles. The host vehicle receives position information from other vehicles and determines whether any other vehicle from which position information is received represents a collision threat to the host vehicle based on the position of the other vehicle relative to the roadway and the host vehicle. If so, a warning or vehicle control signal response to control the host vehicle's motion is generated to prevent a collision with the other vehicle.

Abstract translation: 在卫星网络的第一通信链路和DGPS辅助范围校正信号上接收与本地车辆在地面上的道路上的位置相关的GPS测距信号的车辆事故的系统和方法，用于校正传播延迟误差 在GPS测距信号在来自站或卫星的第二通信链路上接收。 本地车辆在地面上的道路上的位置由GPS，DGPS以及厘米精度的精确地图数据库信号确定并传达给其他车辆。 主车辆从其他车辆接收位置信息，并且基于其他车辆相对于道路和主车辆的位置确定接收到位置信息的任何其他车辆是否表示对主车辆的碰撞威胁。 如果是这样，则产生用于控制本车辆运动的警告或车辆控制信号响应，以防止与其他车辆的碰撞。

公开(公告)号：US06330501B1

公开(公告)日：2001-12-11

申请号：US09500347

申请日：2000-02-08

Applicant: David S. Breed ,  Wilbur E. Duvall ,  Jeffrey L. Morin

Inventor： David S. Breed ,  Wilbur E. Duvall ,  Jeffrey L. Morin

IPC: B60R2100

CPC classification number: B60N2/002 ,  B60N2/0232 ,  B60N2/0244 ,  B60N2/0248 ,  B60N2/0252 ,  B60N2/0276 ,  B60N2/067 ,  B60N2/28 ,  B60N2/2806 ,  B60N2/2863 ,  B60N2/809 ,  B60N2/829 ,  B60N2/853 ,  B60N2/888 ,  B60N2002/0268 ,  B60N2002/0272 ,  B60R21/01516 ,  B60R21/0153 ,  B60R21/01536 ,  B60R21/0154 ,  B60R21/01542 ,  B60R21/01554 ,  B60R21/203 ,  B60R22/201 ,  B60R2021/26094 ,  B60R2021/2765 ,  B60R2022/288 ,  B60R2022/4685 ,  G01G19/4142 ,  G01S15/06 ,  G01S15/87 ,  G01S15/88

Abstract: Methods for classifying and ascertaining the identity of an object in a seat in a vehicle in which a wave-receiving sensor receives waves at least from a space above the seat and generates a signal representative of the received waves and a weight sensing system obtains information about the weight being applied to the seat. Tests are conducted on different objects, each test entailing receiving waves by means of the wave-receiving sensor and the information about the weight being applied to the seat from the weight sensing system while that object is situated in the seat and associating the signal representative of the received waves and information about the weight being applied to the seat with that object. An algorithm is generated from the tests and adapted to process a signal representative of waves received by the wave-receiving sensor and information about the weight being applied to the seat from the weight sensing system and classify or identify the object most closely associated therewith. In use, waves are received by the wave-receiving sensor and a signal representative thereof is generated and information about the weight being applied to the seat is obtained by the weight sensing system. The signal representative of the received waves and information about the weight being applied to the seat are input to the algorithm to thereby classify or ascertain the identity of the object. A component may be adjusted based on the classification or identity of the object.

Abstract translation: 用于分类和确定车辆座椅中的物体的身份的方法，其中波形接收传感器至少从座椅上方的空间接收波并产生表示接收波的信号，并且权重感测系统获得关于 该重量被施加到座椅上。 在不同的对象上进行测试，每个测试通过波接收传感器接收波形，以及关于从重量感测系统施加到座椅上的重量的信息，同时该物体位于座椅中并且将代表 接收到的波浪和关于用该物体施加到座椅的重量的信息。 从测试产生一个算法，并且适用于处理代表由波接收传感器接收的波的信号和关于从重量感测系统施加到座椅的重量的信息，并分类或识别与其最密切相关的对象。 在使用中，波被波接收传感器接收，并且产生代表其的信号，并且通过重量感测系统获得关于施加到座椅的重量的信息。 代表接收波的信号和关于施加到座位的权重的信息被输入到算法中，从而分类或确定对象的身份。 可以基于对象的分类或身份来调整组件。