公开(公告)号：US4321160A

公开(公告)日：1982-03-23

申请号：US107673

申请日：1979-12-27

申请人： Diane G. Farrington ,  James F. White

发明人： Diane G. Farrington ,  James F. White

IPC分类号： C07C57/055 ,  B01J23/92 ,  B01J23/94 ,  B01J27/192 ,  B01J27/28 ,  B01J38/04 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C51/00 ,  C07C51/235 ,  C07C67/00 ,  B01J27/14

CPC分类号： B01J23/94 ,  B01J23/92 ,  B01J27/28

摘要： The present invention relates to a method for the activation of PMA based catalysts by treating the catalyst precursor with a nitrogen-containing compound such as an oxide of nitrogen gas or a nitrogen acid such as nitric or nitrous at a temperature of from about 125.degree. C. to about 400.degree. C. The method can be employed in a reactor by loading the catalyst precursor, adjusting the reactor temperature to one suitable for activation and optionally sweeping the reactor with an inert gas followed by the treating step. The method herein permits faster, lower temperature catalyst activation than when air activation is employed giving higher oxidative conversion yields and prolonged catalyst life.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种通过用含氮化合物如硝酸或氮酸如硝酸或亚硝酸的含氮化合物在约125℃的温度下处理催化剂前体来活化PMA基催化剂的方法 至约400℃。该方法可以通过加载催化剂前体在反应器中使用，将反应器温度调节至适合于活化的反应器温度，并任选地用惰性气体吹扫反应器，随后进行处理步骤。 与使用空气活化时相比，本文的方法允许更快，更低温度的催化剂活化，提供更高的氧化转化率和延长的催化剂寿命。

公开(公告)号：US4307132A

公开(公告)日：1981-12-22

申请号：US92114

申请日：1979-11-07

申请人： Wei-Kan Chu ,  James K. Howard ,  James F. White

发明人： Wei-Kan Chu ,  James K. Howard ,  James F. White

IPC分类号： H01L21/285 ,  H01L21/60 ,  H01L21/768 ,  H01L23/532

CPC分类号： H01L24/11 ,  H01L21/28537 ,  H01L21/76841 ,  H01L23/53223 ,  H01L2224/13099 ,  H01L2924/01005 ,  H01L2924/01006 ,  H01L2924/01013 ,  H01L2924/01015 ,  H01L2924/01018 ,  H01L2924/01019 ,  H01L2924/0102 ,  H01L2924/01022 ,  H01L2924/01029 ,  H01L2924/01033 ,  H01L2924/01039 ,  H01L2924/0104 ,  H01L2924/01047 ,  H01L2924/01059 ,  H01L2924/01064 ,  H01L2924/0107 ,  H01L2924/01072 ,  H01L2924/01073 ,  H01L2924/01074 ,  H01L2924/01075 ,  H01L2924/01078 ,  H01L2924/01079 ,  H01L2924/01082 ,  H01L2924/01105 ,  H01L2924/01322 ,  H01L2924/014 ,  H01L2924/12032 ,  H01L2924/14 ,  H01L2924/19043

摘要： Thin film structures comprising a layer of aluminum and a material having a tendency to interact with aluminum are separated by an intermediate layer of aluminum having a high aluminum oxide content. The intermediate layer prevents said interaction by acting as a diffusion barrier.Preferred embodiments are directed to silicon semiconductor metallization structures, including Schottky barrier contacts, which comprise a bottom layer of tantalum, or other transition metal, or a metal silicide in contact with a silicon substrate, an intermediate layer of aluminum having a high aluminum oxide content and a top layer of aluminum. The intermediate layer functions as a diffusion barrier between aluminum and the metal, metal silicide or silicon. The preferred embodiments of the invention also includes the process for forming such structures preferably comprising: depositing pure tantalum under high vacuum in evaporation apparatus, substituting aluminum for tantalum in the evaporation apparatus and bleeding-in water, air or oxygen to form the aluminum oxide-rich intermediate aluminum layer and then returning to the high vacuum to deposit pure aluminum. The invention is also applicable to FET or CCD structures where a diffusion barrier for aluminum is required.

摘要翻译： 包含铝层和具有与铝相互作用的倾向的材料的薄膜结构由具有高氧化铝含量的铝的中间层分离。 中间层通过充当扩散阻挡层来防止所述相互作用。 优选实施例涉及包括钽底部的其他过渡金属或与硅衬底接触的金属硅化物的硅肖特基势垒触点的硅半导体金属化结构，具有高氧化铝含量的铝的中间层 和顶层铝。 中间层用作铝和金属，金属硅化物或硅之间的扩散阻挡层。 本发明的优选实施方案还包括形成这种结构的方法，优选包括：在蒸发装置中在高真空下沉积纯钽，在蒸发装置中用铝代替钽，并在水，空气或氧气中渗出以形成氧化铝 - 丰富的中间铝层，然后返回高真空沉积纯铝。 本发明也适用于需要铝的扩散阻挡层的FET或CCD结构。

公开(公告)号：US4135998A

公开(公告)日：1979-01-23

申请号：US900213

申请日：1978-04-26

申请人： John J. Gniewek ,  Timothy M. Reith ,  Michael J. Sullivan ,  James F. White

发明人： John J. Gniewek ,  Timothy M. Reith ,  Michael J. Sullivan ,  James F. White

IPC分类号： H01L21/302 ,  H01L21/285 ,  H01L21/3065 ,  H01L21/3213 ,  C23C15/00

CPC分类号： H01L21/32131 ,  H01L21/28537

摘要： Use of a rare gas in combination with oxygen or nitrogen to sputter etch unreacted platinum after formation of a platinum silicide contact structure for the formation of a Schottky Barrier diode in a silicon semiconductor substrate.

摘要翻译： Pt在PtSi上的溅射蚀刻速率的差异通过在稀有气体环境中溅射蚀刻Pt而增加。 > = 1 vol。 ％O2或N2，pref。 Ar contg 10卷 ％O2。 该方法结合在Si衬底中形成肖特基势垒电极，特别是通过（a）在Si衬底中形成有源电路元件，（b）用绝缘层涂覆表面，该绝缘层具有暴露Si的至少一个开口（ c）在绝缘体和开口中沉积铂层，（d）烧结，在开口中形成PtSi，和（e）如上所述溅射蚀刻未组合的Pt。 蚀刻速率差的增加导致Pt稀释比使用纯Ar更低。 污染较少，没有Cl和S污染。 -

公开(公告)号：US4075231A

公开(公告)日：1978-02-21

申请号：US741174

申请日：1976-11-12

申请人： Serge R. Dolhyj ,  Ernest C. Milberger ,  James F. White

发明人： Serge R. Dolhyj ,  Ernest C. Milberger ,  James F. White

IPC分类号： B01J23/22 ,  B01J23/24 ,  B01J23/34 ,  B01J23/68 ,  B01J23/84 ,  B01J23/847 ,  C07C51/265 ,  C07D307/89

CPC分类号： B01J23/8472 ,  B01J23/22 ,  B01J23/24 ,  B01J23/34 ,  B01J23/682 ,  B01J23/84 ,  C07C51/265

摘要： Phthalic anhydride is prepared by the oxidation of ortho-xylene with molecular oxygen at a temperature of about 200.degree. to about 600.degree. C. in the presence of an oxidation catalyst that comprises an essentially inert support having a strongly-adhering coat of a catalytic composition containing an oxide of vanadium wherein the concentration of vanadium is less than 10%.

公开(公告)号：US4072708A

公开(公告)日：1978-02-07

申请号：US764127

申请日：1977-01-31

申请人： James F. White ,  Wilfrid G. Shaw ,  Michael D. Applequist

发明人： James F. White ,  Wilfrid G. Shaw ,  Michael D. Applequist

IPC分类号： B01J23/28 ,  B01J23/54 ,  B01J23/88 ,  B01J23/887 ,  B01J23/89 ,  B01J27/19 ,  C07C51/25 ,  C07C57/055 ,  C07C51/32

CPC分类号： B01J23/8872 ,  B01J23/28 ,  B01J23/54 ,  B01J23/887 ,  B01J23/8871 ,  B01J23/8876 ,  B01J23/8933 ,  B01J23/8993 ,  B01J27/19 ,  C07C51/252 ,  B01J2523/00

摘要： Methacrylic acid or acrylic acid are produced by the oxidation of methacrolein or acrolein, respectively, with molecular oxygen in the vapor phase in the presence of a catalytic oxide of molybdenum, phosphorus, arsenic, a rare earth element or mixture thereof, oxygen, and optionally, at least one of Ag, Tl, Rh, Pd, Ru, Pt, Cd, Al, Au, Cu, alkaline earth metal, Cl, and NH.sub.4.

摘要翻译： 在钼，磷，砷，稀土元素或其混合物，氧气和任选的催化氧化物的存在下，分别用气相中的分子氧氧化异丁烯醛或丙烯醛来生产甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸 ，Ag，Tl，Rh，Pd，Ru，Pt，Cd，Al，Au，Cu，碱土金属，Cl和NH4中的至少一种。

公开(公告)号：US4038324A

公开(公告)日：1977-07-26

申请号：US569780

申请日：1975-04-21

申请人： Michael F. Farona ,  James F. White

发明人： Michael F. Farona ,  James F. White

IPC分类号： B01J31/20 ,  C07C37/18 ,  C07C45/46 ,  C08F4/12 ,  C07C68/02

CPC分类号： B01J31/2295 ,  B01J31/20 ,  C07C37/18 ,  C07C45/46 ,  C08F4/12 ,  B01J2231/4205 ,  B01J2531/60 ,  B01J2531/64

摘要： A method for carrying out reactions of the Friedel-Crafts type, such as alkylation, acylation, polymerization, sulfonylation and dehydrohalogenation. The reactions are catalyzed by arene-metal tricarbonyl complexes and when the reaction vessel contains aromatic substrates the catalyst may be generated in situ from a metallic hexacarbonyl. The arene-metal tricarbonyl catalyst is more selective than conventionally employed Friedel-Craft catalysts in that it yields generally para isomers with little of the ortho variety and very little if any of the meta variety when the aromatic substrate is reacted with organic halide. It is also possible to form the arene-metal tricarbonyl catalyst outside of the reaction vessel and then proceed by adding it to the vessel containing the substrate and the organic halide as is the case with dehydrohalogenation reactions wherein there are no aromatic rings available, the substrate in that instance being aliphatic.

公开(公告)号：US3933752A

公开(公告)日：1976-01-20

申请号：US459482

申请日：1974-04-10

申请人： Michael F. Farona ,  James F. White

发明人： Michael F. Farona ,  James F. White

IPC分类号： B01J31/20 ,  C07C2/86 ,  C07C37/18 ,  C07C45/46 ,  C07C315/00 ,  C07C317/14 ,  C07C317/22 ,  C07F11/00 ,  C08F4/12 ,  C08G61/00 ,  C08G61/02 ,  C08G16/02 ,  C08G75/20

CPC分类号： B01J31/2295 ,  B01J31/20 ,  C07C2/861 ,  C07C315/00 ,  C07C37/18 ,  C07C45/46 ,  C07F11/00 ,  C08F4/12 ,  C08G61/00 ,  C08G61/02 ,  B01J2231/14 ,  B01J2231/4205 ,  B01J2531/60 ,  B01J2531/64 ,  C07C2531/20 ,  Y10S585/906 ,  Y10S585/942

摘要： A method for carrying out reactions of the Friedel-Crafts types, such as alkylation, acylation, polymerization, sulfonylation and dehydrohalogenation. The reactions are catalyzed by arene-metal tricarbonyl complexes and when the reaction vessel contains aromatic substrates the catalyst may be generated in situ from a metallic hexacarbonyl. The arene-metal tricarbonyl catalyst is more selective than conventionally employed Friedel-Craft catalysts in that it yields generally para isomers with little of the ortho variety and very little if any of the meta variety when the aromatic substrate is reacted with organic halide. It is also possible to form the arene-metal tricarbonyl catalyst outside of the reaction vessel and then proceed by adding it to the vessel containing the substrate and the organic halide as is the case with dehydrohalogenation reactions wherein there are no aromatic rings available, the substrate in that instance being aliphatic.

摘要翻译： 用于进行Friedel-Crafts类型的反应的方法，例如烷基化，酰化，聚合，磺酰化和脱卤化氢。 反应由芳族金属三羰基络合物催化，并且当反应容器含有芳族基底时，可以从金属六羰基原位产生催化剂。 芳族金属三羰基催化剂比常规使用的Friedel-Craft催化剂更具选择性，因为当芳族底物与有机卤化物反应时，它产生通常具有少量邻位变化的非对位异构体，并且如果有任何间位异构体则极少。 也可以在反应容器的外部形成芳族金属三羰基催化剂，然后通过将其加入到含有底物和有机卤化物的容器中进行，如脱卤化氢反应的情况，其中不存在芳环，基材 在这种情况下是脂肪族的。

公开(公告)号：US08366907B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-05

申请号：US12848887

申请日：2010-08-02

申请人： Richard T. Hallen ,  Karl O. Albrecht ,  Heather M. Brown ,  James F. White

发明人： Richard T. Hallen ,  Karl O. Albrecht ,  Heather M. Brown ,  James F. White

IPC分类号： C10M101/00 ,  C10M177/00 ,  C10G71/00

CPC分类号： B01J23/6525 ,  B01J21/066 ,  B01J21/18 ,  B01J23/624 ,  B01J23/626 ,  B01J23/6527 ,  B01J37/0203 ,  B01J37/0205 ,  C10G3/44 ,  C10G3/47 ,  C10G3/48 ,  C10G2300/1014 ,  C10G2300/1018 ,  C10G2300/205 ,  C10G2300/4012 ,  C10G2300/4018 ,  C10G2300/4081 ,  C10G2300/44 ,  C10G2400/04 ,  C10G2400/08 ,  C10G2400/30 ,  C10L1/08 ,  C10L1/1208 ,  C10L2200/0469 ,  C10L2270/02 ,  C10L2270/04 ,  C11C3/00 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P30/20 ,  Y02T50/678

摘要： Embodiments of methods for making renewable diesel by deoxygenating (decarboxylating/decarbonylating/dehydrating) fatty acids to produce hydrocarbons are disclosed. Fatty acids are exposed to a catalyst selected from a) Pt and MO3 on ZrO2 (M is W, Mo, or a combination thereof), or b) Pt/Ge or Pt/Sn on carbon, and the catalyst decarboxylates at least 10% of the fatty acids. In particular embodiments, the catalyst consists essentially of 0.7 wt % Pt and 12 wt % WO3, relative to a mass of catalyst, or the catalyst consists essentially of a) 5 wt % Pt and b) 0.5 wt % Ge or 0.5 wt % Sn, relative to a mass of catalyst. Deoxygenation is performed without added hydrogen and at less than 100 psi. Disclosed embodiments of the catalysts deoxygenate at least 10% of fatty acids in a fatty acid feed, and remain capable of deoxygenating fatty acids for at least 200 minutes to more than 350 hours.

公开(公告)号：US08101782B2

公开(公告)日：2012-01-24

申请号：US12012636

申请日：2008-02-04

申请人： Nadia M. J. Rupniak ,  James F. White ,  Kazumi Shiosaki ,  J. David Leander ,  Shoucheng Du ,  Daniel J. Coughlin

发明人： Nadia M. J. Rupniak ,  James F. White ,  Kazumi Shiosaki ,  J. David Leander ,  Shoucheng Du ,  Daniel J. Coughlin

IPC分类号： C07D333/22 ,  C07D267/16

CPC分类号： C07D211/90 ,  C07C271/44 ,  C07C271/48 ,  C07C271/54 ,  C07C271/56 ,  C07C2601/02 ,  C07C2601/14 ,  C07C2603/32 ,  C07C2603/74 ,  C07D213/40 ,  C07D215/56 ,  C07D243/38 ,  C07D267/20 ,  C07D333/20 ,  C07D401/04 ,  C07D405/12 ,  C07D487/04 ,  C07D499/68

摘要： Compounds that inhibit cholinesterase activity and, upon hydrolysis release a pharmacologically active agent. The compounds of the invention are employed in methods to treat an individual. The pharmacologically active agent obtained by hydrolysis of the compound can treat, for example, a nervous system condition, a cholinergic deficiency and conditions or diseases associated with a deficiency in a pharmacologically active agent, such as acetylcholine.

摘要翻译： 抑制胆碱酯酶活性的化合物和在水解时释放药理活性剂。 本发明的化合物用于治疗个体的方法。 通过化合物的水解获得的药理活性剂可以治疗例如神经系统状况，胆碱能缺陷以及与药理活性剂如乙酰胆碱缺乏相关的病症或疾病。

公开(公告)号：US08088778B2

公开(公告)日：2012-01-03

申请号：US12369477

申请日：2009-02-11

申请人： Daniel Coughlin ,  James F. White ,  Kazumi Shiosaki ,  David G. Hangauer ,  Michael Solomon ,  Dale M. Edgar

发明人： Daniel Coughlin ,  James F. White ,  Kazumi Shiosaki ,  David G. Hangauer ,  Michael Solomon ,  Dale M. Edgar

IPC分类号： A61K31/497 ,  C07D413/00

CPC分类号： C07D413/04 ,  C07D261/20

摘要： The invention includes benzisoxazole piperazine compositions and methods of using them for modulating sleep.

摘要翻译： 本发明包括苯并异恶唑哌嗪组合物及其用于调节睡眠的方法。