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71.发明申请Vehicle/engine sampling system for precise analysis of exhaust components 审中-公开用于精确分析排气部件的车辆/发动机采样系统公开(公告)号：US20050274169A1
公开(公告)日：2005-12-15
申请号：US10865380
申请日：2004-06-10
申请人： James Butler , Alex Colvin , Thomas Korniski , Christine Gierczak
发明人： James Butler , Alex Colvin , Thomas Korniski , Christine Gierczak
CPC分类号： G01N1/2252 , G01N2001/2297
摘要： An apparatus and method of exhaust gas analysis. It includes maintaining a gas sample at a constant temperature and at a constant pressure and maintaining a constant gas sample delay time.
摘要翻译： 废气分析装置和方法。 它包括将气体样品保持在恒定温度和恒定压力下，并保持恒定的气体样品延迟时间。
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72.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20050223643A1
公开(公告)日：2005-10-13
申请号：US11149583
申请日：2005-06-10
申请人： James Butler
发明人： James Butler
CPC分类号： F22B7/00 , F22B31/00 , F23C13/00 , F23C99/00 , F23C2900/99001 , Y02E20/342
摘要： Disclosed herein is a method for generating steam, comprising oxidizing a fuel to generate heat via a flameless reaction; and using the heat generated via the reaction to convert water to steam. In an embodiment, the amount of NOx present is flue gas from the reaction is less than about 10 PPMv. In an embodiment, the reaction temperature is less than about 2600° F. (1430° C.). In an embodiment, the method further comprises controlling the reaction temperature to minimize the formation of NOx. In an embodiment, controlling the reaction temperature further comprises sensing one or more process variables and adjusting a process controller in response to the sensed process variable. Also disclosed herein is a steam generator comprising a reaction zone wherein fuel is oxidized to generate heat via a flameless reaction and a heating zone wherein water is converted to steam via heat from the reaction.
摘要翻译： 本文公开了一种产生蒸汽的方法，包括氧化燃料以通过无焰反应产生热量; 并使用通过反应产生的热量将水转化为蒸汽。 在一个实施方案中，存在的NO x的量是来自反应的烟道气小于约10PPMv。 在一个实施方案中，反应温度低于约2600°F（1430℃）。 在一个实施方案中，该方法还包括控制反应温度以最小化NO x的形成。 在一个实施例中，控制反应温度进一步包括感测一个或多个过程变量并响应于感测到的过程变量调整过程控制器。 本文还公开了一种蒸汽发生器，其包括反应区，其中燃料被氧化以通过无焰反应产生热量，以及加热区，其中通过反应经由热量将水转化为蒸汽。
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73.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06737793B2
公开(公告)日：2004-05-18
申请号：US10378650
申请日：2003-03-05
申请人： Pehr Pehrsson , James Butler
发明人： Pehr Pehrsson , James Butler
IPC分类号： H01J102
CPC分类号： B82Y10/00 , H01J1/3044 , H01J1/312 , H01J9/022 , H01J9/025 , H01J2201/30446 , H01J2201/30457
摘要： An apparatus for emitting electrons is provided. The apparatus includes a subsurface emitter having a sharp tip, a substrate including a base, and electrical continuity between the tip, the base, and an external circuit. This emitter structure may be used to form individual emitters or arrays of emitters. Also provided is a method of making electron emitters which is comprised of implanting energetic ions into a diamond lattice to form cones or other continuous regions of damaged diamond. These regions are more electrically conducting than the surrounding diamond lattice, and have locally sharp tips at or near the point of entry of the ion into the diamond. The tips may then also be additionally coated with a layer of a wide band-gap semiconductor. An electrically conducting material may also be placed in proximity to the tips to generate an electric field sufficient to extract electrons from the conducting tips into either the region above the surface, or into the wide band-gap semiconductor layer in contact with the tips. Electrical contact is made to the electrically conducting damage tracks and the electrical circuit may be completed with an electrically conducting material on the surface of the wide band-gap semiconductor or diamond, or in the ambient above the surface of the emitter. The surface of the wideband gap semiconductor or diamond may be chemically modified to enhance the emission of electrons from the surface.
摘要翻译： 提供一种用于发射电子的装置。 该装置包括具有尖锐尖端的地下发射器，包括基座的基板以及尖端，基座和外部电路之间的电连续性。 该发射器结构可以用于形成发射器的单独发射器或阵列。 还提供了一种制造电子发射体的方法，其包括将能量离子注入到金刚石晶格中以形成损坏的金刚石的锥体或其它连续区域。 这些区域比周围的金刚石晶格更具导电性，并且在离子进入金刚石的位置处或附近具有局部尖锐的尖端。 然后可以另外涂覆一层宽带隙半导体的尖端。 还可以将导电材料放置在靠近尖端处以产生足以将电子从导电尖端引入到表面上方的区域中的电场，或者与尖端接触的宽带隙半导体层中。 对导电损伤轨道进行电接触，并且电路可以在宽带隙半导体或金刚石的表面上或在发射器表面上的环境中的导电材料完成。 宽带隙半导体或金刚石的表面可以被化学修饰以增强从表面发射电子。
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公开(公告)号：US20210181371A1
公开(公告)日：2021-06-17
申请号：US17121676
申请日：2020-12-14
申请人： James Butler
发明人： James Butler
摘要： A ground penetrating radar stencil and system for using the same is provided. The stencils are reusable. The stencils are foldable, allowing for storing and transportation. A first data collection grid stencil is used to mark a grid followed by alternative target marking stencils used to mark utility line and structural support lines. Indelible stencil paint/ink is applied on and through the stencils onto the concrete surfaces to provide for a permanent, standardized and consistent marking of critical embedded infrastructure. The system allows for a uniform collecting and recording of the scanning data results for future reference and work in the same area.
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公开(公告)号：US09714932B2
公开(公告)日：2017-07-25
申请号：US14110936
申请日：2012-04-13
IPC分类号： G01N33/483 , G06T7/246 , G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G01N33/4833 , G06K9/00134 , G06K9/0014 , G06T7/246 , G06T2207/10056 , G06T2207/30024 , G06T2207/30204
摘要： Disclosed are systems, apparatus, devices and methods, including a method that includes determining traction forces exerted by a cellular monolayer on a substrate on which the monolayer is placed, and determining internal forces within and between cells of the monolayer based on the determined traction forces. In some embodiments, determining the internal forces of the cellular monolayer may include determining internal stresses within the cellular monolayer that act to balance the determined traction forces over at least part of the cellular monolayer. In some embodiments, determining of the internal stresses may also include setting boundary conditions at a boundary determined based on an optical field of view of an observed section of the monolayer.
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公开(公告)号：US09375706B2
公开(公告)日：2016-06-28
申请号：US13028381
申请日：2011-02-16
申请人： James Butler
发明人： James Butler
IPC分类号： B01J29/04 , B01J29/06 , B01J29/70 , B01J29/90 , C07C2/54 , C07C2/64 , C07C2/66 , C07C6/08 , C07C6/12 , C07C7/12 , C07C15/073 , B01J19/00 , B01J19/24 , C07C15/02 , C07C15/067
CPC分类号： B01J29/06 , B01J29/7057 , B01J29/90 , B01J2219/00006 , C07C2/66 , C07C6/126 , C07C7/12 , C07C15/073 , C07C2529/08 , C07C2529/70 , Y02P20/52 , Y02P20/584 , C07C15/04
摘要： Alkylation systems and processes are described herein. The alkylation system generally includes a preliminary alkylation system containing a preliminary alkylation catalyst therein and adapted to contact an aromatic compound and an alkylating agent with the preliminary alkylation catalyst so as to alkylate the aromatic compound and form a preliminary output stream, wherein the preliminary alkylation system includes a first preliminary alkylation reactor and a second preliminary alkylation reactor connected in parallel to the first preliminary alkylation reactor and a primary alkylation system adapted to receive the preliminary output stream and contact the preliminary output stream and the alkylating agent with a primary alkylation catalyst disposed therein so as to form a primary output stream.
摘要翻译： 本文描述了烷基化系统和方法。 烷基化体系通常包括在其中含有预备烷基化催化剂的初步烷基化体系，并适于与芳族化合物和烷基化剂与预备烷基化催化剂接触，以使芳族化合物烷基化并形成初步输出流，其中预备烷基化体系 包括与第一初步烷基化反应器并联连接的第一初步烷基化反应器和第二初步烷基化反应器，以及适于接收初步输出流并与初始输出流和烷基化试剂接触的初级烷基化系统与其中设置的初级烷基化催化剂 以便形成主输出流。
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公开(公告)号：US20140212909A1
公开(公告)日：2014-07-31
申请号：US14110936
申请日：2012-04-13
IPC分类号： G01N33/483 , G06T7/20 , G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G01N33/4833 , G06K9/00134 , G06K9/0014 , G06T7/246 , G06T2207/10056 , G06T2207/30024 , G06T2207/30204
摘要： Disclosed are systems, apparatus, devices and methods, including a method that includes determining traction forces exerted by a cellular monolayer on a substrate on which the monolayer is placed, and determining internal forces within and between cells of the monolayer based on the determined traction forces. In some embodiments, determining the internal forces of the cellular monolayer may include determining internal stresses within the cellular monolayer that act to balance the determined traction forces over at least part of the cellular monolayer. In some embodiments, determining of the internal stresses may also include setting boundary conditions at a boundary determined based on an optical field of view of an observed section of the monolayer.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种系统，装置，装置和方法，包括一种方法，其包括确定细胞单层在其上放置单层的基底上施加的牵引力，以及基于所确定的牵引力确定单层内和内之间的内力 。 在一些实施方案中，确定细胞单层的内部力可以包括确定细胞单层内的内部应力，其用于平衡在至少部分细胞单层上确定的牵引力。 在一些实施例中，内部应力的确定还可以包括在基于单层观测部分的光学视场确定的边界处设置边界条件。
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公开(公告)号：US08440031B2
公开(公告)日：2013-05-14
申请号：US12946291
申请日：2010-11-15
申请人： Tofail Ansar Md. Syed , James M. Carlson , Abbasi A. Gandhi , Peter Tiernan , Lisa O'Donoghue , James Butler
发明人： Tofail Ansar Md. Syed , James M. Carlson , Abbasi A. Gandhi , Peter Tiernan , Lisa O'Donoghue , James Butler
摘要： A nickel-titanium-rare earth (Ni—Ti-RE) alloy comprises nickel at a concentration of from about 35 at. % to about 65 at. %, a rare earth element at a concentration of from about 1.5 at. % to about 15 at. %, boron at a concentration of up to about 0.1 at. %, with the balance of the alloy being titanium. In addition to enhanced radiopacity compared to binary Ni—Ti alloys and improved workability, the Ni—Ti-RE alloy preferably exhibits superelastic behavior. A method of processing a Ni—Ti-RE alloy includes providing a nickel-titanium-rare earth alloy comprising nickel at a concentration of from about 35 at. % to about 65 at. %, a rare earth element at a concentration of from about 1.5 at. % to about 15 at. %, the balance being titanium; heating the alloy in a homogenization temperature range below a critical temperature; and forming spheroids of a rare earth-rich second phase in the alloy while in the homogenization temperature range.
摘要翻译： 镍 - 钛 - 稀土（Ni-Ti-RE）合金包含浓度为约35英寸的镍。 ％至约65英寸 ％，浓度为约1.5at。的稀土元素。 ％至约15英寸 ％，硼浓度高达约0.1at。 ％，合金的余量为钛。 除了与二元Ni-Ti合金相比增强的不透射线性和改进的可加工性之外，Ni-Ti-RE合金优选表现出超弹性行为。 一种加工Ni-Ti-RE合金的方法包括提供镍 - 稀土合金，其包含浓度为约35at％的镍。 ％至约65英寸 ％，浓度为约1.5at。的稀土元素。 ％至约15英寸 ％，余量为钛; 在低于临界温度的均质化温度范围内加热合金; 并且在均质化温度范围内在合金中形成稀土富二烯的球体。
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公开(公告)号：US20110257454A1
公开(公告)日：2011-10-20
申请号：US12938449
申请日：2010-11-03
CPC分类号： B01J29/061 , B01J29/082 , B01J29/087 , B01J29/103 , B01J29/143 , B01J29/163 , B01J2229/18 , B01J2229/37 , B01J2229/38 , C07C2/862 , C07C2/864 , C07C2/867 , C07C2529/06 , C07C2529/08 , C07C15/46 , C07C15/073
摘要： A method is disclosed of preparing a catalyst including providing a substrate and a first solution containing at least one promoter, contacting the substrate with the solution to obtain a catalyst containing at least one promoter, wherein the contacting of the substrate with the solution subjects the substrate to the addition of at least one promoter.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种制备催化剂的方法，包括提供基材和含有至少一种助催化剂的第一溶液，使基材与溶液接触以获得含有至少一种助催化剂的催化剂，其中基材与溶液的接触使基材 至少加入一种启动子。
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公开(公告)号：US20100331593A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-30
申请号：US12494138
申请日：2009-06-29
IPC分类号： C07C15/46
CPC分类号： C07C2/84 , C07C2521/00 , C07C2521/10 , C07C2523/00 , C07C2523/02 , C07C2523/10 , C07C2523/36 , C07C15/073 , C07C15/46
摘要： A method for the oxidative coupling of hydrocarbons, such as the oxidative coupling of methane to toluene, includes providing an oxidative catalyst inside a reactor, and carrying out the oxidative coupling reaction under a set of reaction conditions. The oxidative catalyst includes (A) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Lanthanoid group, Mg, Ca, and the elements of Group 4 of the periodic table (Ti, Zr, and Hf); (B) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements of Group 3 (including La and Ac) and Groups 5-15 of the periodic table; (C) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements Ca, Sr, and Ba; and (D) oxygen.
摘要翻译： 烃的氧化偶合的方法，例如甲烷氧化偶联甲苯，包括在反应器内提供氧化催化剂，并在一组反应条件下进行氧化偶联反应。 氧化催化剂包括（A）选自镧系元素，Mg，Ca和元素周期表第4族元素（Ti，Zr和Hf）中的至少一种元素; （B）选自Li，Na，K，Rb，Cs的第1族元素和第3族元素（包括La和Ac）和元素周期表第5-15族中的至少一种元素; （C）选自Li，Na，K，Rb，Cs族元素和元素Ca，Sr和Ba中的至少一种元素; 和（D）氧气。
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